1
|
Harrell JE, Roy CJ, Gunn JS, McLachlan JB. Current vaccine strategies and novel approaches to combatting Francisella infection. Vaccine 2024; 42:2171-2180. [PMID: 38461051 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Tularemia is caused by subspecies of Francisella tularensis and can manifest in a variety of disease states, with the pneumonic presentation resulting in the greatest mortality. Despite decades of research, there are no approved vaccines against F. tularensis in the United States. Traditional vaccination strategies, such as live-attenuated or subunit vaccines, are not favorable due to inadequate protection or safety concerns. Because of this, novel vaccination strategies are needed to combat tularemia. Here we discuss the current state of and challenges to the tularemia vaccine field and suggest novel vaccine approaches going forward that might be better suited for protecting against F. tularensis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaikin E Harrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chad J Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - John S Gunn
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James B McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salerno-Goncalves R, Chen H, Bafford AC, Izquierdo M, Hormazábal JC, Lagos R, Tettelin H, D'Mello A, Booth JS, Fasano A, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Early host immune responses in a human organoid-derived gallbladder monolayer to Salmonella Typhi strains from patients with acute and chronic infections: a comparative analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334762. [PMID: 38533492 PMCID: PMC10963533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen, invades the host through the gut to cause typhoid fever. Recent calculations of the typhoid fever burden estimated that more than 10 million new typhoid fever cases occur in low and middle-income countries, resulting in 65,400-187,700 deaths yearly. Interestingly, if not antibiotic-treated, upon the resolution of acute disease, 1%-5% of patients become asymptomatic chronic carriers. Chronically infected hosts are not only critical reservoirs of infection that transmit the disease to naive individuals but are also predisposed to developing gallbladder carcinoma. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in the early interactions between gallbladder epithelial cells and S. Typhi remain largely unknown. Based on our previous studies showing that closely related S. Typhi strains elicit distinct innate immune responses, we hypothesized that host molecular pathways activated by S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients would differ. To test this hypothesis, we used a novel human organoid-derived polarized gallbladder monolayer model, and S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients. We found that S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients differentially regulate host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and S6 transcription factors. These variations might be attributed to differential cytokine signaling, predominantly via TNF-α and IL-6 production and appear to be influenced by the duration the isolate was subjected to selective pressures in the gallbladder. These findings represent a significant leap in understanding the complexities behind chronic S. Typhi infections in the gallbladder and may uncover potential intervention targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Salerno-Goncalves
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrea C Bafford
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mariana Izquierdo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Hormazábal
- Seccion Bacteriologia, Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosanna Lagos
- Seccion Bacteriologia, Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adonis D'Mello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jayaum S Booth
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahdally SM, Izquierdo M, Viscardi RM, Magder LS, Crowley HM, Bafford AC, Drachenberg CB, Farfan MJ, Fasano A, Sztein MB, Salerno-Goncalves R. Secretory-IgA binding to intestinal microbiota attenuates inflammatory reactions as the intestinal barrier of preterm infants matures. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:339-356. [PMID: 37070830 PMCID: PMC10570995 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that Secretory-IgA (SIgA) binding to the intestinal microbiota is variable and may regulate host inflammatory bowel responses. Nevertheless, the impact of the SIgA functional binding to the microbiota remains largely unknown in preterm infants whose immature epithelial barriers make them particularly susceptible to inflammation. Here, we investigated SIgA binding to intestinal microbiota isolated from stools of preterm infants <33 weeks gestation with various levels of intestinal permeability. We found that SIgA binding to intestinal microbiota attenuates inflammatory reactions in preterm infants. We also observed a significant correlation between SIgA affinity to the microbiota and the infant's intestinal barrier maturation. Still, SIgA affinity was not associated with developing host defenses, such as the production of mucus and inflammatory calprotectin protein, but it depended on the microbiota shifts as the intestinal barrier matures. In conclusion, we reported an association between the SIgA functional binding to the microbiota and the maturity of the preterm infant's intestinal barrier, indicating that the pattern of SIgA coating is altered as the intestinal barrier matures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Mahdally
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mariana Izquierdo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rose M Viscardi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laurence S Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helena M Crowley
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea C Bafford
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cinthia B Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mauricio J Farfan
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rosangela Salerno-Goncalves
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salerno-Gonçalves R, Fresnay S, Magder L, Darton TC, Waddington CS, Blohmke CJ, Angus B, Levine MM, Pollard AJ, Sztein MB. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells exhibit distinct functional signatures associated with protection against typhoid fever. Cell Immunol 2022; 378:104572. [PMID: 35772315 PMCID: PMC9377420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
First demonstration of cytokine-secreting MAIT cell kinetics after human challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. MAIT cell's functional signatures and association with typhoid fever protection. Predictive value of MAIT cell cytokine pattern. Lack of association between the number of cytokines expressed by MAIT cells and prevention against typhoid fever.
We have previously demonstrated that Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells secrete multiple cytokines after exposure to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans. However, whether cytokine secreting MAIT cells can enhance or attenuate the clinical severity of bacterial infections remain debatable. This study characterizes human MAIT cell functions in subjects participating in a wild-type S. Typhi human challenge model. Here, we found that MAIT cells exhibit distinct functional signatures associated with protection against typhoid fever. We also observed that the cytokine patterns of MAIT cell responses, rather than the average number of cytokines expressed, are more predictive of typhoid fever outcomes. These results might enable us to objectively, based on functional parameters, identify cytokine patterns that may serve as predictive biomarkers during natural infection and vaccination.
Collapse
|
5
|
Salerno-Gonçalves R, Rezwan T, Luo D, Tettelin H, Sztein MB. B Cells Control Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Responses to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Infection Through the CD85j HLA-G Receptor. Front Immunol 2021; 12:728685. [PMID: 34659215 PMCID: PMC8517411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like population of T cells that display a TCR Vα7.2+ CD161+ phenotype and are restricted by the nonclassical MHC-related molecule 1 (MR1). Although B cells control MAIT cell development and function, little is known about the mechanisms underlying their interaction(s). Here, we report, for the first time, that during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) infection, HLA-G expression on B cells downregulates IFN-γ production by MAIT cells. In contrast, blocking HLA-G expression on S. Typhi-infected B cells increases IFN-γ production by MAIT cells. After interacting with MAIT cells, kinetic studies show that B cells upregulate HLA-G expression and downregulate the inhibitory HLA-G receptor CD85j on MAIT cells resulting in their loss. These results provide a new role for HLA-G as a negative feedback loop by which B cells control MAIT cell responses to antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Salerno-Gonçalves
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tasmia Rezwan
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Luo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcelo B. Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|