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Lin J, Hou L, Zhao X, Zhong J, Lv Y, Jiang X, Ye B, Qiao Y. Switch of ELF3 and ATF4 transcriptional axis programs the amino acid insufficiency-linked epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1956-1969. [PMID: 38627967 PMCID: PMC11184330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that endows cancer cells with increased invasive and migratory capacity enables cancer dissemination and metastasis. This process is tightly associated with metabolic reprogramming acquired for rewiring cell status and signaling pathways for survival in dietary insufficiency conditions. However, it remains largely unclear how transcription factor (TF)-mediated transcriptional programs are modulated during the EMT process. Here, we reveal that depletion of a key epithelial TF, ELF3 (E74-like factor-3), triggers a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling activation-like mesenchymal transcriptomic profile and metastatic features linked to the aminoacyl-tRNA biogenesis pathway. Moreover, the transcriptome alterations elicited by ELF3 depletion perfectly resemble an ATF4-dependent weak response to amino acid starvation. Intriguingly, we observe an exclusive enrichment of ELF3 and ATF4 in epithelial and TGF-β-induced or ELF3-depletion-elicited mesenchymal enhancers, respectively, with rare co-binding on altered enhancers. We also find that the upregulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and some mesenchymal genes upon amino acid deprivation is diminished in ATF4-depleted cells. In sum, the loss of ELF3 binding on epithelial enhancers and the gain of ATF4 binding on the enhancers of mesenchymal factors and amino acid deprivation responsive genes facilitate the loss of epithelial cell features and the gain of TGF-β-signaling-associated mesenchymal signatures, which further promote lung cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Lin
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Linjun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jingli Zhong
- College of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yilv Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China.
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2
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Zhu L, Yu X, Tang X, Hu C, Wu L, Liu Y, Zhou Q. Evolving landscape of treatments targeting the microenvironment of liver metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1019-1032. [PMID: 38251678 PMCID: PMC11062672 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Liver metastases (LMs) are common in lung cancer. Despite substantial advances in diagnosis and treatment, the survival rate of patients with LM remains low as the immune-suppressive microenvironment of the liver allows tumor cells to evade the immune system. The impact of LMs on the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with solid tumors has been the main focus of recent translational and clinical research. Growing evidence indicates that the hepatic microenvironment delivers paracrine and autocrine signals from non-parenchymal and parenchymal cells. Overall, these microenvironments create pre- and post-metastatic conditions for the progression of LMs. Herein, we reviewed the epidemiology, physiology, pathology and immunology, of LMs associated with non-small cell lung cancer and the role and potential targets of the liver microenvironment in LM in each phase of metastasis. Additionally, we reviewed the current treatment strategies and challenges that should be overcome in preclinical and clinical investigations. These approaches target liver elements as the basis for future clinical trials, including combinatorial interventions reported to resolve hepatic immune suppression, such as immunotherapy plus chemotherapy, immunotherapy plus radiotherapy, immunotherapy plus anti-angiogenesis therapy, and surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- Lung Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xianzhe Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Lung Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chenggong Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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3
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Tan X, Du Y, Wei Y, Liu S. Extracellular vesicle-mediated pre-metastatic niche formation via altering host microenvironments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367373. [PMID: 38495881 PMCID: PMC10940351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The disordered growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer are mainly attributed to bidirectional cell-cell interactions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cancer cells are involved in orchestrating the formation of pre-metastatic niches (PMNs). Tumor-derived EVs mediate bidirectional communication between tumor and stromal cells in local and distant microenvironments. EVs carrying mRNAs, small RNAs, microRNAs, DNA fragments, proteins and metabolites determine metastatic organotropism, enhance angiogenesis, modulate stroma cell phenotypes, restructure the extracellular matrix, induce immunosuppression and modify the metabolic environment of organs. Evidence indicates that EVs educate stromal cells in secondary sites to establish metastasis-supportive microenvironments for seeding tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PMN formation and the underlying mechanisms mediated by EVs. Potential approaches to inhibit cancer metastasis by inhibiting the formation of PMNs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Operating Room, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongxing Du
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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4
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Kim W, Ye Z, Simonenko V, Shahi A, Malikzay A, Long S, Xu JJ, Lu A, Horng JH, Wu CR, Chen PJ, Lu P, Evans DM. Codelivery of TGFβ and Cox2 siRNA inhibits HCC by promoting T-cell penetration into the tumor and improves response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcad059. [PMID: 38204925 PMCID: PMC10776204 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of TGFβ and Cox2 in the tumor microenvironment results in blockade of T-cell penetration into the tumor. Without access to tumor antigens, the T-cell response will not benefit from administration of the immune checkpoint antibodies. We created an intravenous polypeptide nanoparticle that can deliver two siRNAs (silencing TGFβ and Cox2). Systemic administration in mice, bearing a syngeneic orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), delivers the siRNAs to various cells in the liver, and significantly reduces the tumor. At 2 mg/kg (BIW) the nanoparticle demonstrated a single agent action and induced tumor growth inhibition to undetectable levels after five doses. Reducing the siRNAs to 1mg/kg BIW demonstrated greater inhibition in the presence of PD-L1 mAbs. After only three doses BIW, we could still recover a smaller tumor and, in tumor sections, showed an increase in penetration of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells deeper into the remaining tumor that was not evident in animals treated with non-silencing siRNA. The combination of TGFβ and Cox2 siRNA co-administered in a polypeptide nanoparticle can act as a novel therapeutic alone against HCC and may augment the activity of the immune checkpoint antibodies. Silencing TGFβ and Cox2 converts an immune excluded (cold) tumor into a T-cell inflamed (hot) tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookhyun Kim
- Sirnaomics Inc., 20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Zhou Ye
- Sirnaomics Inc., 20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Vera Simonenko
- Sirnaomics Inc., 20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Aashirwad Shahi
- Sirnaomics Inc., 20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Asra Malikzay
- Sirnaomics Inc., 20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Steven Z Long
- Sirnaomics Inc., 20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - John J Xu
- Suzhou Sirnaomics Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Biobay, Suzhou, China
| | - Alan Lu
- Sirnaomics Inc., 20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - Jau-Hau Horng
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Section 1, Ren’ai Rd, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ru Wu
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Section 1, Ren’ai Rd, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Section 1, Ren’ai Rd, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Patrick Y Lu
- Sirnaomics Inc., 20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
| | - David M Evans
- Sirnaomics Inc., 20511 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Germantown, MD 20876, USA
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5
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Xu J, Gao F, Liu W, Guan X. Cell-cell communication characteristics in breast cancer metastasis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:55. [PMID: 38243240 PMCID: PMC10799417 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a highly fatal disease due to its tendency to metastasize, is the most prevalent form of malignant tumors among women worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that breast cancer exhibits a unique predilection for metastasis to specific organs including the bone, liver, lung, and brain. However, different types of, The understanding of the heterogeneity of metastatic breast cancer has notably improved with the recent advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques. Focusing on the modification in the microenvironment of the metastatic organs and the crosstalk between tumor cells and in situ cells, noteworthy research points include the identification of two distinct modes of tumor growth in bone metastases, the influence of type II pneumocyte on lung metastases, the paradoxical role of Kupffer cells in liver metastases, and the breakthrough of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) breach in brain metastases. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of breast cancer metastases, shedding light on the pivotal roles of immune and resident cells in the development of distinct metastatic foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fangyan Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Weici Liu
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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6
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Xiao M, Wang F, Chen N, Zhang H, Cao J, Yu Y, Zhao B, Ji J, Xu P, Li L, Shen L, Lin X, Feng XH. Smad4 sequestered in SFPQ condensates prevents TGF-β tumor-suppressive signaling. Dev Cell 2024; 59:48-63.e8. [PMID: 38103553 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Loss of TGF-β growth-inhibitory responses is a hallmark of human cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the TGF-β resistance of cancer cells remain to be fully elucidated. Splicing factor proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) is a prion-like RNA-binding protein that is frequently upregulated in human cancers. In this study, we identified SFPQ as a potent suppressor of TGF-β signaling. The ability of SFPQ to suppress TGF-β responses depends on its prion-like domain (PrLD) that drives liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Mechanistically, SFPQ physically restrained Smad4 in its condensates, which excluded Smad4 from the Smad complex and chromatin occupancy and thus functionally dampened Smad-dependent transcriptional responses. Accordingly, SFPQ deficiency or loss of phase separation activities rendered human cells hypersensitive to TGF-β responses. Together, our data identify an important function of SFPQ through LLPS that suppresses Smad transcriptional activation and TGF-β tumor-suppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Xiao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hanchenxi Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jin Cao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yi Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Junfang Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lei Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Shen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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Chaudhary R, Goodman LS, Wang S, Asimakopoulos A, Weiskirchen R, Dooley S, Ehrlich M, Henis YI. Cholesterol modulates type I/II TGF-β receptor complexes and alters the balance between Smad and Akt signaling in hepatocytes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:8. [PMID: 38168942 PMCID: PMC10761706 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol mediates membrane compartmentalization, affecting signaling via differential distribution of receptors and signaling mediators. While excessive cholesterol and aberrant transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling characterize multiple liver diseases, their linkage to canonical vs. non-canonical TGF-β signaling remained unclear. Here, we subjected murine hepatocytes to cholesterol depletion (CD) or enrichment (CE), followed by biophysical studies on TGF-β receptor heterocomplex formation, and output to Smad2/3 vs. Akt pathways. Prior to ligand addition, raft-dependent preformed heteromeric receptor complexes were observed. Smad2/3 phosphorylation persisted following CD or CE. CD enhanced phospho-Akt (pAkt) formation by TGF-β or epidermal growth factor (EGF) at 5 min, while reducing it at later time points. Conversely, pAkt formation by TGF-β or EGF was inhibited by CE, suggesting a direct effect on the Akt pathway. The modulation of the balance between TGF-β signaling to Smad2/3 vs. pAkt (by TGF-β or EGF) has potential implications for hepatic diseases and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Chaudhary
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Laureen S Goodman
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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8
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Du X, Zou R, Du K, Huang D, Miao C, Qiu B, Ding W, Li C. Modeling Colorectal Cancer-Induced Liver Portal Vein Microthrombus on a Hepatic Lobule Chip. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38033197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. At the advanced stage of colorectal cancer, cancer cells migrate with the blood to the liver from the hepatic portal vein, eventually resulting in a portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). To date, the progression of the early onset of PVTT [portal vein microthrombus (PVmT) induced by tumors] is unclear. Herein, we developed an on-chip PVmT model by loading the spheroid of colorectal cancer cells into the portal vein of a hepatic lobule chip (HLC). On the HLC, the progression of PVmT was presented, and early changes in metabolites of hepatic cells and in structures of hepatic plates and sinusoids induced by PVmT were analyzed. We replicated intrahepatic angiogenesis, thickened blood vessels, an increased number of hepatocytes, disordered hepatic plates, and decreased concentrations of biomarkers of hepatic cell functions in PVmT progression on a microfluidic chip for the first time. In addition, the combined therapy of thermo-ablation and chemo-drug for PVmT was preliminarily demonstrated. This study provides a promising method for understanding PVTT evolution and offers a valuable reference for PVTT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Du
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Rong Zou
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kun Du
- Department of Medical Equipment, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Dabing Huang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Chunguang Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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9
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Jiang ZY, Ma XM, Luan XH, Liuyang ZY, Hong YY, Dai Y, Dong QH, Wang GY. BMI-1 activates hepatic stellate cells to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3606-3621. [PMID: 37398890 PMCID: PMC10311613 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i23.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are the major source of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the liver. Although the crosstalk between aHSCs and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells supports liver metastasis (LM), the mechanisms are largely unknown.
AIM To explore the role of BMI-1, a polycomb group protein family member, which is highly expressed in LM, and the interaction between aHSCs and CRC cells in promoting CRC liver metastasis (CRLM).
METHODS Immunohistochemistry was carried out to examine BMI-1 expression in LM and matched liver specimens of CRC. The expression levels of BMI-1 in mouse liver during CRLM (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d) were detected by Western blotting (WB) and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. We overexpressed BMI-1 in HSCs (LX2) by lentivirus infection and tested the molecular markers of aHSCs by WB, qPCR, and the immunofluorescence assay. CRC cells (HCT116 and DLD1) were cultured in HSC-conditioned medium (LX2 NC CM or LX2 BMI-1 CM). CM-induced CRC cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/SMAD pathway changes were investigated in vitro. A mouse subcutaneous xenotransplantation tumor model was established by co-implantation of HSCs (LX2 NC or LX2 BMI-1) and CRC cells to investigate the effects of HSCs on tumor growth and the EMT phenotype in vivo.
RESULTS Positive of BMI-1 expression in the liver of CRLM patients was 77.8%. The expression level of BMI-1 continued to increase during CRLM in mouse liver cells. LX2 overexpressed BMI-1 was activated, accompanied by increased expression level of alpha smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinases, and interleukin 6. CRC cells cultured in BMI-1 CM exhibited enhanced proliferation and migration ability, EMT phenotype and activation of the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. In addition, the TGF-βR inhibitor SB-505124 diminished the effect of BMI-1 CM on SMAD2/3 phosphorylation in CRC cells. Furthermore, BMI-1 overexpressed LX2 HSCs promoted tumor growth and the EMT phenotype in vivo.
CONCLUSION High expression of BMI-1 in liver cells is associated with CRLM progression. BMI-1 activates HSCs to secrete factors to form a prometastatic environment in the liver, and aHSCs promote proliferation, migration, and the EMT in CRC cells partially through the TGF-β/SMAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Mei Ma
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejing University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Luan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liuyang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hong
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Hua Dong
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guan-Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
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10
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Liu F, Wu Q, Dong Z, Liu K. Integrins in cancer: Emerging mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108458. [PMID: 37245545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are vital surface adhesion receptors that mediate the interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells and are essential for cell migration and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Aberrant integrin activation promotes initial tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. Recently, many lines of evidence have indicated that integrins are highly expressed in numerous cancer types and have documented many functions of integrins in tumorigenesis. Thus, integrins have emerged as attractive targets for the development of cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms by which integrins contribute to most of the hallmarks of cancer. We focus on recent progress on integrin regulators, binding proteins, and downstream effectors. We highlight the role of integrins in the regulation of tumor metastasis, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and other hallmarks of cancer. In addition, integrin-targeted immunotherapy and other integrin inhibitors that have been used in preclinical and clinical studies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Tianjian Advanced Biomedical Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Tianjian Advanced Biomedical Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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11
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Marvin DL, Dijkstra J, Zulfiqar RM, Vermeulen M, Ten Dijke P, Ritsma L. TGF-β Type I Receptor Signaling in Melanoma Liver Metastases Increases Metastatic Outgrowth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108676. [PMID: 37240029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment for metastatic melanoma patients, patients with liver metastasis have an unfavorable prognosis. A better understanding of the development of liver metastasis is needed. The multifunctional cytokine Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) plays various roles in melanoma tumors and metastasis, affecting both tumor cells and cells from the surrounding tumor microenvironment. To study the role of TGF-β in melanoma liver metastasis, we created a model to activate or repress the TGF-β receptor pathway in vitro and in vivo in an inducible manner. For this, we engineered B16F10 melanoma cells to have inducible ectopic expression of a constitutively active (ca) or kinase-inactive (ki) TGF-β receptor I, also termed activin receptor-like kinase (ALK5). In vitro, stimulation with TGF-β signaling and ectopic caALK5 expression reduced B16F10 cell proliferation and migration. Contrasting results were found in vivo; sustained caALK5 expression in B16F10 cells in vivo increased the metastatic outgrowth in liver. Blocking microenvironmental TGF-β did not affect metastatic liver outgrowth of both control and caALK5 expressing B16F10 cells. Upon characterizing the tumor microenvironment of control and caALk5 expressing B16F10 tumors, we observed reduced (cytotoxic) T cell presence and infiltration, as well as an increase in bone marrow-derived macrophages in caALK5 expressing B16F10 tumors. This suggests that caALK5 expression in B16F10 cells induces changes in the tumor microenvironment. A comparison of newly synthesized secreted proteins upon caALK5 expression by B16F10 cells revealed increased secretion of matrix remodeling proteins. Our results show that TGF-β receptor activation in B16F10 melanoma cells can increase metastatic outgrowth in liver in vivo, possibly through remodeling of the tumor microenvironment leading to altered infiltration of immune cells. These results provide insights in the role of TGF-β signaling in B16F10 liver metastasis and could have implications regarding the use of TGF-β inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma patients with liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwke L Marvin
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Dijkstra
- Oncode Institute and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rabia M Zulfiqar
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Oncode Institute and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Pucci M, Moschetti M, Urzì O, Loria M, Conigliaro A, Di Bella MA, Crescitelli R, Olofsson Bagge R, Gallo A, Santos MF, Puglisi C, Forte S, Lorico A, Alessandro R, Fontana S. Colorectal cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles induce TGFβ1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition of hepatocytes. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 37072829 PMCID: PMC10114452 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic disease is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. Increasing evidence shows that primary tumor cells can promote metastasis by preparing the local microenvironment of distant organs, inducing the formation of the so-called "pre-metastatic niche". In recent years, several studies have highlighted that among the tumor-derived molecular components active in pre-metastatic niche formation, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a crucial role. Regarding liver metastasis, the ability of tumor-derived sEVs to affect the activities of non-parenchymal cells such as Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells is well described, while the effects on hepatocytes, the most conspicuous and functionally relevant hepatic cellular component, remain unknown. METHODS sEVs isolated from SW480 and SW620 CRC cells and from clinical samples of CRC patients and healthy subjects were used to treat human healthy hepatocytes (THLE-2 cells). RT-qPCR, Western blot and confocal microscopy were applied to investigate the effects of this treatment. RESULTS Our study shows for the first time that TGFβ1-carrying CRC_sEVs impair the morphological and functional properties of healthy human hepatocytes by triggering their TGFβ1/SMAD-dependent EMT. These abilities of CRC_sEVs were further confirmed by evaluating the effects elicited on hepatocytes by sEVs isolated from plasma and biopsies from CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS Since it is known that EMT of hepatocytes leads to the formation of a fibrotic environment, a well-known driver of metastasis, these results suggest that CRC_sEV-educated hepatocytes could have an active and until now neglected role during liver metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ornella Urzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Loria
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Bella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark F Santos
- Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
| | | | | | - Aurelio Lorico
- Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
- IOM Ricerca, Viagrande, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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13
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Organotropism of breast cancer metastasis: A comprehensive approach to the shared gene network. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Clemente-González C, Carnero A. Role of the Hypoxic-Secretome in Seed and Soil Metastatic Preparation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235930. [PMID: 36497411 PMCID: PMC9738438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor growth, the delivery of oxygen to cells is impaired due to aberrant or absent vasculature. This causes an adaptative response that activates the expression of genes that control several essential processes, such as glycolysis, neovascularization, immune suppression, and the cancer stemness phenotype, leading to increased metastasis and resistance to therapy. Hypoxic tumor cells also respond to an altered hypoxic microenvironment by secreting vesicles, factors, cytokines and nucleic acids that modify not only the immediate microenvironment but also organs at distant sites, allowing or facilitating the attachment and growth of tumor cells and contributing to metastasis. Hypoxia induces the release of molecules of different biochemical natures, either secreted or inside extracellular vesicles, and both tumor cells and stromal cells are involved in this process. The mechanisms by which these signals that can modify the premetastatic niche are sent from the primary tumor site include changes in the extracellular matrix, recruitment and activation of different stromal cells and immune or nonimmune cells, metabolic reprogramming, and molecular signaling network rewiring. In this review, we will discuss how hypoxia might alter the premetastatic niche through different signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Clemente-González
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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15
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Yang S, Peng R, Zhou L. The impact of hepatic steatosis on outcomes of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:938718. [PMID: 36160137 PMCID: PMC9498207 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.938718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear how hepatic steatosis impacts patient prognosis in the case of colorectal cancer with liver metastases (CRLM). The purpose of this review was to assess the effect of hepatic steatosis on patient survival and disease-free survival (DFS) in the case of CRLM. Methods We examined the databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for studies reporting outcomes of CRLM patients with and without hepatic steatosis. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis using multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Results Nine studies reporting data of a total of 14,197 patients were included. All patients had undergone surgical intervention. Pooled analysis of seven studies indicated that hepatic steatosis had no statistically significant impact on patient survival in CRLM (HR: 0.92 95% CI: 0.82, 1.04, I2 = 82%, p = 0.18). Specifically, we noted that there was a statistically significant improvement in cancer-specific survival amongst patients with hepatic steatosis (two studies; HR: 0.85 95% CI: 0.76, 0.95, I2 = 41%, p = 0.005) while there was no difference in overall survival (five studies; HR: 0.97 95% CI: 0.83, 1.13, I2 = 78%, p = 0.68). On meta-analysis of four studies, we noted that the presence of hepatic steatosis resulted in statistically significant reduced DFS in patients with CRLM (HR: 1.32 95% CI: 1.08, 1.62, I2 = 67%, p = 0.007). Conclusion The presence of hepatic steatosis may not influence patient survival in CRLM. However, scarce data is suggestive of poor DFS in CRLM patients with hepatic steatosis. Further prospective studies taking into account different confounding variables are needed to better assess the effect of hepatic steatosis on outcomes of CRLM. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced], identifier [CRD42022320665].
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16
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Fang Y, Su C. Research Progress on the Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Liver Metastases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:893716. [PMID: 35965533 PMCID: PMC9367973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.893716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality, and more than 75% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Liver metastases occur in 20% of non-small cell lung cancer patients, and their prognosis are poor. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy have made breakthrough progress in advanced Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, compared with the overall population, the liver metastases population was an independent prognostic factor for poor immunotherapy response. Whether and how immunotherapy can work in NSCLC patients with liver metastases is a major and unresolved challenge. Although more and more data have been disclosed, the research progress of NSCLC liver metastasis is still limited. How liver metastasis modulates systemic antitumor immunity and the drug resistance mechanisms of the liver immune microenvironment have not been elucidated. We systematically focused on non-small cell lung cancer patients with liver metastases, reviewed and summarized their pathophysiological mechanisms, immune microenvironment characteristics, and optimization of immunotherapy strategies.
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17
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Baumann Z, Auf der Maur P, Bentires‐Alj M. Feed-forward loops between metastatic cancer cells and their microenvironment-the stage of escalation. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14283. [PMID: 35506376 PMCID: PMC9174884 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women, and metastases in distant organs are the leading cause of the cancer-related deaths. While survival of early-stage breast cancer patients has increased dramatically, the 5-year survival rate of metastatic patients has barely improved in the last 20 years. Metastases can arise up to decades after primary tumor resection, hinting at microenvironmental factors influencing the sudden outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). This review summarizes how the environment of the most common metastatic sites (lung, liver, bone, brain) is influenced by the primary tumor and by the varying dormancy of DTCs, with a special focus on how established metastases persist and grow in distant organs due to feed-forward loops (FFLs). We discuss in detail the importance of FFL of cancer cells with their microenvironment including the secretome, interaction with specialized tissue-specific cells, nutrients/metabolites, and that novel therapies should target not only the cancer cells but also the tumor microenvironment, which are thick as thieves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Baumann
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and ResistanceDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Priska Auf der Maur
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and ResistanceDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Mohamed Bentires‐Alj
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and ResistanceDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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18
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Ghrelin ameliorates transformation of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury to liver fibrosis by blocking Smad and ERK signalling pathways, and promoting anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects. Transpl Immunol 2022; 73:101597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Wang X. Liquid Phase Concentrated Growth Factor Improves Autologous Fat Graft Survival In Vivo in Nude Mice. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:3088-3089. [PMID: 34669006 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Zheng X, Jin W, Wang S, Ding H. Progression on the Roles and Mechanisms of Tumor-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729705. [PMID: 34566989 PMCID: PMC8462294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common malignancies in China, where it ranks second in mortality and fifth in morbidity. Currently, liver transplantation, hepatic tumor resection, radiofrequency ablation, and molecular-targeted agents are the major treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overall, HCC has a poor survival rate and a high recurrence rate. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been discovered to play essential roles in the development, prognosis, and immunotherapy treatment of HCC. As the major component cells of TILs, T cells are also proved to show antitumor and protumor effects in HCC. Foxp3+, CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ T lymphocytes are the broadly studied subgroups of TILs. This article reviews the roles and mechanisms of different tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte subtypes in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, Beijing You'An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You'An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, Beijing You'An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Marvin DL, Ten Dijke P, Ritsma L. An Experimental Liver Metastasis Mouse Model Suitable for Short and Long-Term Intravital Imaging. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e116. [PMID: 33961349 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a frequent site of cancer metastasis, but current treatment options for cancer patients with liver metastasis are limited, resulting in poor prognosis. Colonization of the liver by cancer cells is a multistep and temporally controlled process. Investigating this process in biological relevant settings in a dynamic manner may lead to new therapeutic avenues. Experimental mouse models of liver metastasis combined with high-resolution microscopy methods can facilitate study of the mechanisms that underlie the outgrowth of cancer cells in the liver. Intravital imaging can provide information on the behavior of tumor cells in their biological setting, in time frames of hours to days. In this unit, we describe the experimental induction of liver metastasis through administration of cancer cells into mice via mesenteric vein injection. The behavior of these injected cells can then be studied using intravital imaging by surgical exposure or through an abdominal imaging window. The approach is described for use with an upright multiphoton microscope, making it widely applicable. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Inducing liver metastasis through mesenteric vein injection Basic Protocol 2: Short-term imaging of tumor cells in mouse liver Basic Protocol 3: Long-term imaging of tumor cells in mouse liver using an abdominal imaging window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwke L Marvin
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
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22
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Chen H, Dai S, Fang Y, Chen L, Jiang K, Wei Q, Ding K. Hepatic Steatosis Predicts Higher Incidence of Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631943. [PMID: 33767997 PMCID: PMC7986714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is the major cause of death due to colorectal cancer. Although great efforts have been made in treatment of CRLM, about 60–70% of patients will develop hepatic recurrence. Hepatic steatosis was reported to provide fertile soil for metastasis. However, whether hepatic steatosis predicts higher incidence of CRLM recurrence is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of hepatic steatosis in CRLM recurrence in the present study. Methods: Consecutive CRLM patients undergoing curative treatment were retrospectively enrolled and CT liver-spleen attenuation ratio was used to detect the presence of hepatic steatosis. In patients with hepatic steatosis, we also detected the presence of fibrosis. Besides, a systematic literature search was performed to do meta-analysis to further analyze the association between hepatic steatosis and CRLM recurrence. Results: A total of 195 eligible patients were included in our center. Patients with hepatic steatosis had a significantly worse overall (P = 0.0049) and hepatic recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.0012). Univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed its essential role in prediction of RFS. Besides, hepatic fibrosis is associated with worse overall RFS (P = 0.039) and hepatic RFS (P = 0.048). In meta-analysis, we included other four studies, with a total of 1,370 patients in the case group, and 3,735 patients in the control group. The odds ratio was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.25–3.14, P = 0.004), indicating that patients with steatosis had a significantly higher incidence of CRLM recurrence. Conclusion: In summary, patients with hepatic steatosis had a significantly worse overall and hepatic RFS and it's associated with higher incidence of CRLM recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Dai
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Fang
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liubo Chen
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Li W, Yu X, Chen X, Wang Z, Yin M, Zhao Z, Zhu C. HBV induces liver fibrosis via the TGF-β1/miR-21-5p pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 33456536 PMCID: PMC7792493 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-21-5p is a newly discovered factor that mediates TGF-β1 signaling. The present study was designed to investigate the role of TGF-β1/miR-21-5p in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver fibrosis. HBV-infected sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP)-transfected Huh7.5.1 cells were co-cultured with LX2 cells to simulate HBV infection in the present study. A total of 29 patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled. Cells were transfected with miR-21-5p mimic or inhibitor with or without TGF-β1 stimulation. The demographic, biochemical and virological data from the 29 patients were analyzed and liver tissues were collected. miR-21-5p levels and the mRNA and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen type 1 α 1 (CoL1A1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and Smad from liver cells or tissues were detected by quantitative PCR analysis and western blotting, respectively. Cell viability was observed, and the liver fibrosis score was evaluated. The association between miR-21-5p and liver fibrosis was evaluated by correlation analysis. HBV infection upregulated TGF-β1/miR-21-5p mRNA expression in NTCP-Huh7.5.1 cells compared with mock infection (P<0.05). TGF-β1 incubation significantly increased miR-21-5p levels, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA, CoL1A1 and TIMP-1, and reduced Smad7 expression in LX2 cells compared with the normal group, and these effects were counteracted by miR-21-5p inhibitor (P<0.05). miR-21-5p overexpression also contributed to TGF-β1-induced α-SMA, CoL1A1 and TIMP-1 expression in LX2 cells (P<0.05). Co-culture with HBV-infected NTCP-Huh7.5.1 cells upregulated TGF-β1/miR-21-5p activity and CoL1A1 expression in LX2 cells compared with normal control, which were significantly reduced by miR-21-5p inhibitor (P<0.05). miR-21-5p levels were significantly correlated with the liver fibrosis score (r=0.888; P<0.05). These data demonstrated that HBV induced liver fibrosis via the TGF-β1/miR-21-5p pathway and suggested that miR-21-5p may be an effective anti-fibrosis target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- 3rd Liver Unit, Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xiliu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Zonghao Zhao
- 3rd Liver Unit, Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215131, P.R. China
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