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Fratto BE, Culver EL, Davis G, Deans R, Goods JB, Hwang S, Keller NK, Lawrence JA, Petty AR, Swager TM, Walish JJ, Zhu Z, Cox JR. Leveraging a smartphone to perform time-gated luminescence measurements. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293740. [PMID: 37903097 PMCID: PMC10615318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Empowered by advanced on-board sensors, high-performance optics packages and ever-increasing computational power, smartphones have democratized data generation, collection, and analysis. Building on this capacity, many platforms have been developed to enable its use as an optical sensing platform for colorimetric and fluorescence measurements. In this paper, we report the ability to enable a smartphone to perform laboratory quality time-resolved analysis of luminescent samples via the exploitation of the rolling shutter mechanism of the native CMOS imager. We achieve this by leveraging the smartphone's standard image capture applications, commercially available image analysis software, and housing the device within a UV-LED containing case. These low-cost modifications enable us to demonstrate the smartphone's analytical potential by performing tasks ranging from authentication and encryption to the interrogation of packaging, compounds, and physical phenomena. This approach underscores the power of repurposing existing technologies to extend the reach and inclusivity of scientific exploration, opening new avenues for data collection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Fratto
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Culver
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Davis
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Deans
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John B. Goods
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sean Hwang
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicole K. Keller
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John A. Lawrence
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph J. Walish
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhengguo Zhu
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Cox
- C2Sense, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
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2
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Lv R, Raab M, Wang Y, Tian J, Lin J, Prasad PN. Nanochemistry advancing photon conversion in rare-earth nanostructures for theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Lezhnina MM, Rochowiak W, Göhde W, Kuczius R, Kynast U. The microbial threat: Can rare earths help? JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000068. [PMID: 32500670 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite an ever increasing demand for reliable and cheap methods in the detection and quantification of microbes, surprisingly few investigations have explored or utilized the luminescence of rare earths in the microbial context, neither in conventional, that is, plating and microscopic imaging techniques, nor in advanced methods like fluorescence flow cytometry. We have thus investigated the potential of some rare earth complexes and hybrid materials for microbiological analysis. We found fairly simple procedures for internal staining (dyes inside the bacterial cell) and external staining (dyes on the cell surface). The present paper is predominantly relying on microscopic imaging and luminescence spectroscopies (excitation, emission, decay times), but also evaluates model rare earth microspheres to estimate an eventual rare earth based stain for a fast and sensitive bacteria enumeration with luminescence flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Lezhnina
- Quantum Analysis GmbH, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Weronika Rochowiak
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | | | - Rauni Kuczius
- Mikrobiologisches Labor Dr. Michael Lohmeyer GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kynast
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
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4
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Cho U, Chen JK. Lanthanide-Based Optical Probes of Biological Systems. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:921-936. [PMID: 32735780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The unique photophysical properties of lanthanides, such as europium, terbium, and ytterbium, make them versatile molecular probes of biological systems. In particular, their long-lived photoluminescence, narrow bandwidth emissions, and large Stokes shifts enable experiments that are infeasible with organic fluorophores and fluorescent proteins. The ability of these metal ions to undergo luminescence resonance energy transfer, and photon upconversion further expands the capabilities of lanthanide probes. In this review, we describe recent advances in the design of lanthanide luminophores and their application in biological research. We also summarize the latest detection systems that have been developed to fully exploit the optical properties of lanthanide luminophores. We conclude with a discussion of remaining challenges and new frontiers in lanthanide technologies. The unprecedented levels of sensitivity and multiplexing afforded by rare-earth elements illustrate how chemistry can enable new approaches in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukrae Cho
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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5
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Pan H, Chen S, Jin M, Malval JP, Wan D, Morlet-Savary F. A substituentpara-to-orthopositioning effect drives the photoreactivity of a dibenzothiophene-based oxalate series used as LED-excitable free radical photoinitiators. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzothiophene-based oxalate derivatives were synthesized as type I photoinitiators, and their photoinitiation properties depend on the substituentpara-to-orthopositioning effect of the oxalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Pan
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Mulhouse
- France
| | - Decheng Wan
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Mulhouse
- France
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6
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Robinson JP, Tárnok A. New editor on the block. Cytometry A 2018; 93:587-588. [PMID: 29969196 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Science and the Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Rodenko O, Eriksson S, Tidemand-Lichtenberg P, Troldborg CP, Fodgaard H, van Os S, Pedersen C. High-sensitivity detection of cardiac troponin I with UV LED excitation for use in point-of-care immunoassay. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:3749-3762. [PMID: 28856047 PMCID: PMC5560838 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assay development enables determination of biological variation in healthy populations, more accurate interpretation of clinical results and points towards earlier diagnosis and rule-out of acute myocardial infarction. In this paper, we report on preliminary tests of an immunoassay analyzer employing an optimized LED excitation to measure on a standard troponin I and a novel research high-sensitivity troponin I assay. The limit of detection is improved by factor of 5 for standard troponin I and by factor of 3 for a research high-sensitivity troponin I assay, compared to the flash lamp excitation. The obtained limit of detection was 0.22 ng/L measured on plasma with the research high-sensitivity troponin I assay and 1.9 ng/L measured on tris-saline-azide buffer containing bovine serum albumin with the standard troponin I assay. We discuss the optimization of time-resolved detection of lanthanide fluorescence based on the time constants of the system and analyze the background and noise sources in a heterogeneous fluoroimmunoassay. We determine the limiting factors and their impact on the measurement performance. The suggested model can be generally applied to fluoroimmunoassays employing the dry-cup concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rodenko
- Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Radiometer Medical ApS, Åkandevej 21, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Fodgaard
- Radiometer Medical ApS, Åkandevej 21, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark
| | - Sylvana van Os
- Radiometer Medical ApS, Åkandevej 21, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark
| | - Christian Pedersen
- Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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8
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Neaime C, Amela-Cortes M, Grasset F, Molard Y, Cordier S, Dierre B, Mortier M, Takei T, Takahashi K, Haneda H, Verelst M, Lechevallier S. Time-gated luminescence bioimaging with new luminescent nanocolloids based on [Mo6I8(C2F5COO)6]2−metal atom clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30166-30173. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05290h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional silica nanoparticles based on metal atom clusters for time gated luminescence biotechnology applications.
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9
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Kettlitz SW, Moosmann C, Valouch S, Lemmer U. Sensitivity improvement in fluorescence-based particle detection. Cytometry A 2014; 85:746-55. [PMID: 24938222 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic flow cytometers are highly interesting candidates for biomedical point-of-care applications. However, the sensitivity, reliability, and throughput of these systems must be improved to provide the full functionality of established flow cytometric systems. One proposed method to improve fluorescence detection systems is to use spatial modulation techniques. We derive the noise-related statistics and calculate the coefficient of variation for a detection system with and without spatial modulation. We measure the noise properties of a nonmodulated microfluidic fluorescence particle detection system and analyze the possible performance gains using spatial modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried W Kettlitz
- Light Technology Institute and Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Jin D, Lu Y, Leif RC, Yang S, Rajendran M, Miller LW. How to build a time-gated luminescence microscope. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:2.22.1-2.22.36. [PMID: 24510771 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0222s67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of filter-based fluorescence microscopy techniques is limited by autofluorescence background. Time-gated detection is a practical way to suppress autofluorescence, enabling higher contrast and improved sensitivity. In the past few years, three groups of authors have demonstrated independent approaches to build robust versions of time-gated luminescence microscopes. Three detailed, step-by-step protocols are provided here for modifying standard fluorescent microscopes to permit imaging time-gated luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Jin
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, MQ BioFocus Research Centre & Photonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, MQ BioFocus Research Centre & Photonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sean Yang
- Newport Instruments, San Diego, California
| | - Megha Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lawrence W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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11
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Nuñez V, Upadhyayula S, Millare B, Larsen JM, Hadian A, Shin S, Vandrangi P, Gupta S, Xu H, Lin AP, Georgiev GY, Vullev VI. Microfluidic Space-Domain Time-Resolved Emission Spectroscopy of Terbium(III) and Europium(III) Chelates with Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxylate. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4567-77. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400200x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Nuñez
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521,
United States
| | - Brent Millare
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jillian M. Larsen
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ali Hadian
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Prashanthi Vandrangi
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Adam P. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Georgi Y. Georgiev
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering
and Center for Bioengineering Research, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521,
United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Riverside, California 92521,
United States
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12
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Wessels JT, Pliquett U, Wouters FS. Light-emitting diodes in modern microscopy--from David to Goliath? Cytometry A 2012; 81:188-97. [PMID: 22290727 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper illumination is essential for light microscopy. Whereas in early years incandescent light was the only illumination, today, more and more specialized light sources, such as lasers or arc lamps are used. Because of the high efficiency and brightness that light-emitting diodes (LED) have reached today, they have become a serious alternative for almost all kinds of illumination in light microscopy. LED have a high durability, do not need expensive electronics, and they can be switched in nanoseconds. Besides this, they are available throughout the UV/Vis/NIR-spectrum with a narrow bandwidth. This makes them ideal light sources for fluorescence microscopy. The white LED, with a color temperature ranging from 2,600 up to 5,000 K is an excellent choice for bright-field illumination with the additional advantage of simple brightness adjustments without changing the spectrum. This review discusses the different LED types, their use in the fluorescence microscope, and discusses LED as specialized illumination sources for Förster resonance energy transfer and fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes T Wessels
- Central Core Facility Molecular & Optical Live Cell Imaging (MOLCI), University Medicine Göttingen, Germany.
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13
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Kettlitz SW, Valouch S, Sittel W, Lemmer U. Flexible planar microfluidic chip employing a light emitting diode and a PIN-photodiode for portable flow cytometers. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:197-203. [PMID: 22086498 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Detection of fluorescence particles is a key method of flow cytometry. We evaluate the performance of a design for a microfluidic fluorescence particle detection device. Due to the planar design with low layer thicknesses, we avoid optical components such as lenses or dichroic mirrors and substitute them with a shadow mask and colored film filters. A commercially available LED is used as the light source and a PIN-photodiode as detector. This design approach reduces component cost and power consumption and enables supplying the device with power from a standard USB port. From evaluation of this design, we obtain a maximum particle detection frequency of up to 600 particles per second at a sensitivity of better than 4.7 × 10(5) MESF (molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome) measured with particles for FITC sensitivity calibration. Lowering the flow rate increases the instrument sensitivity by an order of magnitude enabling the detection of particles with 4.5 × 10(4) MESF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried W Kettlitz
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12 Geb. 30.34, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg 76131, Germany.
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14
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Lu Y, Jin D, Leif RC, Deng W, Piper JA, Yuan J, Duan Y, Huo Y. Automated detection of rare-event pathogens through time-gated luminescence scanning microscopy. Cytometry A 2011; 79:349-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Jin D. Demonstration of true-color high-contrast microorganism imaging for terbium bioprobes. Cytometry A 2011; 79:392-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Jin D, Piper JA. Time-Gated Luminescence Microscopy Allowing Direct Visual Inspection of Lanthanide-Stained Microorganisms in Background-Free Condition. Anal Chem 2011; 83:2294-300. [DOI: 10.1021/ac103207r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Jin
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories at Macquarie, MQ Biofocus Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - James A. Piper
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories at Macquarie, MQ Biofocus Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109 Australia
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17
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Lomas MW, Bronk DA, van den Engh G. Use of flow cytometry to measure biogeochemical rates and processes in the ocean. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2011; 3:537-566. [PMID: 21329216 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An important goal of marine biogeochemists is to quantify the rates at which elements cycle through the ocean's diverse microbial assemblage, as well as to determine how these rates vary in time and space. The traditional view that phytoplankton are producers and bacteria are consumers has been found to be overly simplistic, and environmental metagenomics is discovering new and important microbial metabolisms at an accelerating rate. Many nutritional strategies previously attributed to one microorganism or functional group are also or instead carried out by other groups. To tease apart which organism is doing what will require new analytical approaches. Flow cytometry, when combined with other techniques, has great potential for expanding our understanding of microbial interactions because groups can be distinguished optically, sorted, and then collected for subsequent analyses. Herein, we review the advances in our understanding of marine biogeochemistry that have arisen from the use of flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lomas
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Ferry Reach, St. George's GE01, Bermuda.
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18
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19
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Gahlaut N, Miller LW. Time-resolved microscopy for imaging lanthanide luminescence in living cells. Cytometry A 2010; 77:1113-25. [PMID: 20824630 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved luminescence (TRL) microscopy can image signals from lanthanide coordination complexes or other probes with long emission lifetimes, thereby eliminating short-lifetime (<100 ns) autofluorescence background from biological specimens. However, lanthanide complexes emit far fewer photons per unit time than conventional fluorescent probes, making it difficult to rapidly acquire high quality images at probe concentrations that are relevant to live cell experiments. This article describes the development and characterization of a TRL microscope that employs a light-emitting diode (LED, λ(em) = 365 nm) for pulsed epi-illumination and an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera for gated, widefield detection. Europium chelate-impregnated microspheres were used to evaluate instrument performance in terms of short-lifetime fluorescence background rejection, photon collection efficiency, image contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). About 200 nm microspheres were imaged within the time resolution limit of the ICCD (66.7 ms) with complete autofluorescence suppression. About 40 nm microspheres containing ~400 chelate molecules were detected within ~1-s acquisition times. A luminescent terbium complex, Lumi4-Tb®, was introduced into the cytoplasm of cultured cells at an estimated concentration of 300 nM by the method of osmotic lysis of pinocytic vesicles. Time-resolved images of the living, terbium complex-loaded cells were acquired within acquisition times as short as 333 ms, and the effects of increased exposure time and frame summing on image contrast and SNR were evaluated. The performance analyses show that TRL microscopy is sufficiently sensitive and precise to allow high-resolution, quantitative imaging of lanthanide luminescence in living cells under physiologically relevant experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivriti Gahlaut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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20
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Deng W, Jin D, Drozdowicz-Tomsia K, Yuan J, Goldys EM. Europium chelate (BHHCT-Eu3+) and its metal nanostructure enhanced luminescence applied to bioassays and time-gated bioimaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:10036-10043. [PMID: 20405866 DOI: 10.1021/la100158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of europium chelate, 4,4'-bis(1'',1'',1'',2'',2'',3'',3''-heptafluoro-4'',6''-hexanedion-6''-yl)chlorosulfo-o-terphenyl-Eu(3+) (BHHCT-Eu(3+)), in silver nanostructure-enhanced luminescence and its application to bioassays and bioimaging. The highest luminescence intensity enhancement factor of BHHCT-Eu(3+) achieved in this study was about 11 times, while the simultaneously measured luminescence lifetime was reduced 2-fold. The luminophore photostability was also improved by a factor of 3. On the basis of these experimental results, we estimated the impact of silver nanostructures on the excitation and emission enhancement factors. Luminescence enhancement was demonstrated in two geometries: on planar glass substrates and on silica beads. In the biotin-modified IgG antibody assay the bead geometry provided slightly higher enhancement factor and greater sensitivity. Subsequently, we applied such bead substrates to time-gated luminescence imaging of Giardia lamblia cells stained by BHHCT-Eu(3+) where we observed improved brightness by a factor of 2. Such improved photostability and brightness of BHHCT-Eu(3+) in the presence of metal nanostructures are highly desirable for ultrasensitive bioassays and bioimaging, especially with time gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109 NSW, Australia
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21
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Jiang L, Wu J, Wang G, Ye Z, Zhang W, Jin D, Yuan J, Piper J. Development of a Visible-Light-Sensitized Europium Complex for Time-Resolved Fluorometric Application. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2529-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100021m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China, and MQ Photonics Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China, and MQ Photonics Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Guilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China, and MQ Photonics Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China, and MQ Photonics Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China, and MQ Photonics Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China, and MQ Photonics Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China, and MQ Photonics Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Piper
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China, and MQ Photonics Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude G. Bünzli
- Laboratory of Lanthanide Supramolecular Chemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), BCH 1402, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, WCU Center for Next Generation Photovoltaic Systems, Korea University, Sejong Campus, 208 Seochang, Jochiwon, Chung Nam 339-700, Republic of Korea
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Mathis G, Bazin H. Stable Luminescent Chelates and Macrocyclic Compounds. LANTHANIDE LUMINESCENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/4243_2010_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc DeJohn
- Santa Fe Technical Services Santa Fe New Mexico
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Leif RC, Yang S, Jin D, Piper J, Vallarino LM, Williams JW, Zucker RM. Calibration beads containing luminescent lanthanide ion complexes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:024022. [PMID: 19405752 DOI: 10.1117/1.3103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The reliability of lanthanide luminescence measurements, by both flow cytometry and digital microscopy, would be enhanced by the availability of narrowband emitting, UV excited lanthanide calibration beads. 0.5-, 3-, and 5-microm beads containing a luminescent europium-complex are manufactured. The luminescence distribution of the 5-microm beads is measured with a time-delayed light-scatter-gated luminescence flow cytometer to have a 7.0% coefficient of variation (CV) The spacial distribution of the europium-complex in individual beads is determined to be homogeneous by confocal microscopy. Emission peaks are found at 592, 616 (width 9.9 nm), and 685 nm with a PARISS spectrophotometer. The kinetics of the luminescence bleaching caused by UV irradiation of the 0.5- and 5-microm beads measured under LED excitation with a fluorescence microscope indicate that bleaching does not interfere with their imaging. The luminescence lifetimes in water and air were 340 and 460 micros, respectively. Thus, these 5-microm beads can be used for spectral calibration of microscopes equipped with a spectrograph, as test particles for time-delayed luminescence flow cytometers, and possibly as labels for macromolecules and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Leif
- Newport Instruments, 5648 Toyon Road, San Diego, California 92115-1022, USA.
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Jin D, Piper JA, Leif RC, Yang S, Ferrari BC, Yuan J, Wang G, Vallarino LM, Williams JW. Time-gated flow cytometry: an ultra-high selectivity method to recover ultra-rare-event mu-targets in high-background biosamples. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:024023. [PMID: 19405753 DOI: 10.1117/1.3103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental problem for rare-event cell analysis is auto-fluorescence from nontarget particles and cells. Time-gated flow cytometry is based on the temporal-domain discrimination of long-lifetime (>1 micros) luminescence-stained cells and can render invisible all nontarget cell and particles. We aim to further evaluate the technique, focusing on detection of ultra-rare-event 5-microm calibration beads in environmental water dirt samples. Europium-labeled 5-microm calibration beads with improved luminescence homogeneity and reduced aggregation were evaluated using the prototype UV LED excited time-gated luminescence (TGL) flow cytometer (FCM). A BD FACSAria flow cytometer was used to sort accurately a very low number of beads (<100 events), which were then spiked into concentrated samples of environmental water. The use of europium-labeled beads permitted the demonstration of specific detection rates of 100%+/-30% and 91%+/-3% with 10 and 100 target beads, respectively, that were mixed with over one million nontarget autofluorescent background particles. Under the same conditions, a conventional FCM was unable to recover rare-event fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) calibration beads. Preliminary results on Giardia detection are also reported. We have demonstrated the scientific value of lanthanide-complex biolabels in flow cytometry. This approach may augment the current method that uses multifluorescence-channel flow cytometry gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Jin
- Macquarie University, Centre of MQ Photonics, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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