1
|
Ng NS, Ooi L. A Simple Microplate Assay for Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Rapid Cellular Protein Normalization. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3877. [PMID: 33732765 PMCID: PMC7952951 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and derivatives are commonly used as fluorescent indicators of a broad spectrum of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in cell-based assays. However, there are numerous challenges inherent to the utilization of DCF probes for intracellular microscopic analysis, including photostability and probe efflux. Plate spectroscopy is comparatively simple and scalable compared to microscopy or flow cytometry-based acquisition, however is often subject to artefacts, including those introduced by thermal gradients and normalization methods. In this protocol we demonstrate a simple and sensitive plate spectrometry-based protocol utilizing the probes H2DCFDA and sulforhodamine B. The rapid sulforhodamine B assay (SRB) for cellular protein allows for a stable endpoint measurement of total cell population while also preserving morphology, can be combined or run in parallel with any other assay for normalization of readout to cell mass, and complemented by microscopic scoring of cell number and nuclear count. The oxidative stress and normalisation methods may enhance fields of research investigating cell differentiation, stress, or toxicity.. Graphical abstract: Graphical overview for quantification of ROS generation and cellular protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neville S. Ng
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Association between NF- κB Activation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Late Skin and Subcutaneous Fibrosis following Radiotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2957818. [PMID: 32775415 PMCID: PMC7391119 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2957818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed at evaluating the association between the speed of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and late skin and subcutaneous fibrosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after radiotherapy. Methods The speed of NF-κB activation was represented by the nuclear p65 expression ratio before and after irradiation. The optimal time point to measure the ratio was determined by Western blot in the PBMCs from healthy outpatients ranging from 0 to 12 hours after ex vivo irradiation. We recruited patients with HNSCC who had received ratiotherapy and who were under regular follow-up care. We assessed the association between the risk of developing ≥grade 2 late fibrosis and the nuclear p65 expression ratio in the PBMCs after ex vivo irradiation in these patients. Results The maximum nuclear p65 ratio was observed at 1 hour after ex vivo irradiation in the PBMCs from the healthy outpatients. The speed of NF-κB activation was then represented by the nuclear p65 ratio in the PBMCs before and 1 hour after ex vivo irradiation. A total of 200 patients with HNSCC were recruited, 32.50% (n = 65) of which presented with ≥grade 2 late fibrosis. There was a significant association between the speed of NF-κB activation in the PBMCs and an increased risk of developing ≥grade 2 late fibrosis in these patients (P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis suggested that this finding was independent of the known clinical characteristics. Conclusions The speed of NF-κB activation might be a potential predictor of late toxicity in cancer patients after radiotherapy. Prospective studies are needed for validation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruan B, Liu HL, Xie L, Ding H, Zhang Y, Wu J, Huang Z, Shi D, Jiang T, Tsai FC. The Fluorescence Property of Zirconium-Based MOFs Adsorbed Sulforhodamine B. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:427-435. [PMID: 32314138 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sulforhodamine B (SRB) is widely utilized for cell staining and laser field. But its application is limited by aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). In this work, we evaluated the use of UiO-66 and UiO-67 of Zr-based metal organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) as the host to adsorb SRB molecules due to the high stabily and good loading capacity of Zr-MOFs. The fluorescence properties of the compounds were then discussed respectively. Due to the aperture difference between UiO-66 and UiO-67, they showed distinct fluorescence properties after loading SRB. When the concentration reaches 5 ppm, fluorescence quenching begins to occur in SRB@UiO-66, while it occurs in SRB@UiO-67 at 2 ppm. The solution of quenching phenomenon could open new avenues for the extensive use of SRB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Huan-Li Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Dean Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Fang-Chang Tsai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loonat AA, Curtis MK, Richards MA, Nunez-Alonso G, Michl J, Swietach P. A high-throughput ratiometric method for imaging hypertrophic growth in cultured primary cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:184-196. [PMID: 30986378 PMCID: PMC6520438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptive hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes increases the risk of heart failure. The underlying signaling can be triggered and interrogated in cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) using sophisticated pharmacological and genetic techniques. However, the methods for quantifying cell growth are, by comparison, inadequate. The lack of quantitative, calibratable and computationally-inexpensive high-throughput technology has limited the scope for using cultured myocytes in large-scale analyses. We present a ratiometric method for quantifying the hypertrophic growth of cultured myocytes, compatible with high-throughput imaging platforms. Protein biomass was assayed from sulforhodamine B (SRB) fluorescence, and image analysis calculated the quotient of signal from extra-nuclear and nuclear regions. The former readout relates to hypertrophic growth, whereas the latter is a reference for correcting protein-independent (e.g. equipment-related) variables. This ratiometric measure, when normalized to the number of cells, provides a robust quantification of cellular hypertrophy. The method was tested by comparing the efficacy of various chemical agonists to evoke hypertrophy, and verified using independent assays (myocyte area, transcripts of markers). The method's high resolving power and wide dynamic range were confirmed by the ability to generate concentration-response curves, track the time-course of hypertrophic responses with fine temporal resolution, describe drug/agonist interactions, and screen for novel anti-hypertrophic agents. The method can be implemented as an end-point in protocols investigating hypertrophy, and is compatible with automated plate-reader platforms for generating high-throughput data, thereby reducing investigator-bias. Finally, the computationally-minimal workflow required for obtaining measurements makes the method simple to implement in most laboratories. Maladaptive hypertrophy of myocytes can lead to heart failure. Common methods for tracking growth in cultured myocytes are inadequate. We design and test a method for tracking myocyte hypertrophy in vitro. The method provides a ratiometric index of growth for high throughput analyses. Using the method, we characterize further details of (anti)hypertrophic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aminah A Loonat
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - M Kate Curtis
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Richards
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Nunez-Alonso
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Michl
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Swietach
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang X, Wang D, Ma Y, Zhao Q, Fallon JK, Liu D, Xu XE, Wang Y, He Z, Liu F. Theranostic nanoemulsions: codelivery of hydrophobic drug and hydrophilic imaging probe for cancer therapy and imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:2773-85. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a theranostic nanoemulsion (TNE) that can codeliver the conjugates of a hydrophobic drug paclitaxel (PTX) and a hydrophilic imaging probe sulforhodamine B (SRB). Materials & methods: The TNE was established using core-matched technology, and can achieve high encapsulation efficiency and synchronized release of the loaded cargo. It has been examined for a correlation between the dynamic uptake of PTX and the intensity of SRB imaging signal in different organs. Results & discussion: Our data demonstrate that the TNE, with improved circulation time, increases therapeutic efficacy and imaging efficiency in both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer. The TNE could not satisfy the demand of visual diagnosis in the living animal because of interference. We therefore formulated a long-circulating theranostic nanoemulsion (LCTNE). Results showed that the LCTNE can meet imaging requirements in vivo. Conclusion: The LCTNE plays a good therapeutic and diagnostic role for subcutaneous tumors in the living animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan Eastern Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - John K Fallon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7571, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xian Emma Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7571, USA
| | - Yongjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7571, USA
| |
Collapse
|