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Yakimov B, Rovnyagina N, Hasan A, Zhang J, Wang H, Fadeev V, Urusova L, Khoroshilov E, Sharkov A, Mokrysheva N, Shirshin E. Fluorescence saturation imaging microscopy: molecular fingerprinting with a standard confocal microscope. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3755-3769. [PMID: 38867799 PMCID: PMC11166444 DOI: 10.1364/boe.512188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Molecular specificity in fluorescence imaging of cells and tissues can be increased by measuring parameters other than intensity. For instance, fluorescence lifetime imaging became a widespread modality for biomedical optics. Previously, we suggested using the fluorescence saturation effect at pulsed laser excitation to map the absorption cross-section as an additional molecular contrast in two-photon microscopy [Opt. Lett.47(17), 4455 (2022).10.1364/OL.465605]. Here, it is shown that, somewhat counterintuitive, fluorescence saturation can be observed under cw excitation in a standard confocal microscopy setup. Mapping the fluorescence saturation parameter allows obtaining additional information about the fluorophores in the system, as demonstrated by the example of peptide hydrogel, stained cells and unstained thyroid gland. The suggested technique does not require additional equipment and can be implemented on confocal systems as is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Yakimov
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, Moscow 119048, Russia
- Vorohobov’s City Clinical Hospital №67 MHD Moscow, 2/44 Salam Adil St., Moscow 123423, Russia
| | - Natalia Rovnyagina
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Afraa Hasan
- HSE University, Faculty of Physics, Myasnitskaya St., 20, Moscow 101100, Russia
| | - Juntao Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 4300023, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 4300023, China
| | - Victor Fadeev
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliya Urusova
- Endocrinology Research Center, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Khoroshilov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Sharkov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya Mokrysheva
- Endocrinology Research Center, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Endocrinology Research Center, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia
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Yahav G, Pawar S, Lipovsky A, Gupta A, Gedanken A, Duadi H, Fixler D. Probing Polarity and pH Sensitivity of Carbon Dots in Escherichia coli through Time-Resolved Fluorescence Analyses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2068. [PMID: 37513079 PMCID: PMC10384995 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular monitoring of pH and polarity is crucial for understanding cellular processes and functions. This study employed pH- and polarity-sensitive nanomaterials such as carbon dots (CDs) for the intracellular sensing of pH, polarity, and viscosity using integrated time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy (FA) imaging (TR-FAIM) and fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging microscopy (FLIM), thereby enabling comprehensive characterization. The functional groups on the surface of CDs exhibit sensitivity to changes in the microenvironment, leading to variations in fluorescence intensity (FI) and FLT according to pH and polarity. The FLT of CDs in aqueous solution changed gradually from 6.38 ± 0.05 ns to 8.03 ± 0.21 ns within a pH range of 2-8. Interestingly, a complex relationship of FI and FLT was observed during measurements of CDs with decreasing polarity. However, the FA and rotational correlation time (θ) increased from 0.062 ± 0.019 to 0.112 ± 0.023 and from 0.49 ± 0.03 ns to 2.01 ± 0.27 ns, respectively. This increase in FA and θ was attributed to the higher viscosity accompanying the decrease in polarity. Furthermore, CDs were found to bind to three locations in Escherichia coli: the cell wall, inner membrane, and cytoplasm, enabling intracellular characterization using FI and FA decay imaging. FLT provided insights into cytoplasmic pH (7.67 ± 0.48), which agreed with previous works, as well as the decrease in polarity in the cell wall and inner membrane. The CD aggregation was suspected in certain areas based on FA, and the θ provided information on cytoplasmic heterogeneity due to the aggregation and/or interactions with biomolecules. The combined TR-FAIM/FLIM system allowed for simultaneous monitoring of pH and polarity changes through FLIM and viscosity variations through TR-FAIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Yahav
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Shweta Pawar
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Anat Lipovsky
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Akanksha Gupta
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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3
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Weber Y, Duadi H, Rudraiah PS, Yariv I, Yahav G, Fixler D, Ankri R. Fluorescence attenuated by a thick scattering medium: Theory, simulations and experiments. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300045. [PMID: 36883623 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based imaging has an enormous impact on our understanding of biological systems. However, in vivo fluorescence imaging is greatly influenced by tissue scattering. A better understanding of this dependence can improve the potential of noninvasive in vivo fluorescence imaging. In this article, we present a diffusion model, based on an existing master-slave model, of isotropic point sources imbedded in a scattering slab, representing fluorophores within a tissue. The model was compared with Monte Carlo simulations and measurements of a fluorescent slide measured through tissue-like phantoms with different reduced scattering coefficients (0.5-2.5 mm-1 ) and thicknesses (0.5-5 mm). Results show a good correlation between our suggested theory, simulations and experiments; while the fluorescence intensity decays as the slab's scattering and thickness increase, the decay rate decreases as the reduced scattering coefficient increases in a counterintuitive manner, suggesting fewer fluorescence artifacts from deep within the tissue in highly scattering media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitzchak Weber
- The Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, 4007000, Israel
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Pavitra Sokke Rudraiah
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Inbar Yariv
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Gilad Yahav
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Rinat Ankri
- The Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, 4007000, Israel
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4
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Smolen JA, Wooley KL. Fluorescence lifetime image microscopy prediction with convolutional neural networks for cell detection and classification in tissues. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac235. [PMID: 36712353 PMCID: PMC9802238 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and other deep-learning models have proven to be transformative tools for the automated analysis of microscopy images, particularly in the domain of cellular and tissue imaging. These computer-vision models have primarily been applied with traditional microscopy imaging modalities (e.g. brightfield and fluorescence), likely due to the availability of large datasets in these regimes. However, more advanced microscopy imaging techniques could, potentially, allow for improved model performance in various computational histopathology tasks. In this work, we demonstrate that CNNs can achieve high accuracy in cell detection and classification without large amounts of data when applied to histology images acquired by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). This accuracy is higher than what would be achieved with regular single or dual-channel fluorescence images under the same settings, particularly for CNNs pretrained on publicly available fluorescent cell or general image datasets. Additionally, generated FLIM images could be predicted from just the fluorescence image data by using a dense U-Net CNN model trained on a subset of ground-truth FLIM images. These U-Net CNN generated FLIM images demonstrated high similarity to ground truth and improved accuracy in cell detection and classification over fluorescence alone when used as input to a variety of commonly used CNNs. This improved accuracy was maintained even when the FLIM images were generated by a U-Net CNN trained on only a few example FLIM images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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Yahav G, Weber Y, Duadi H, Pawar S, Fixler D. Classification of fluorescent anisotropy decay based on the distance approach in the frequency domain. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:6176-6192. [PMID: 35209559 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Frequency-domain (FD) fluorometry is a widely utilized tool to probe unique features of complex biological structures, which may serve medical diagnostic purposes. The conventional data analysis approaches used today to extract the fluorescence intensity or fluorescence anisotropy (FA) decay data suffer from several drawbacks and are inherently limited by the characteristics and complexity of the decay models. This paper presents the squared distance (D2) technique, which categorized samples based on the direct frequency response data (FRD) of the FA decay. As such, it improves the classification ability of the FD measurements of the FA decay as it avoids any distortion that results from the challenged translation into time domain data. This paper discusses the potential use of the D2 approach to classify biological systems. Mathematical formulation of D2 technique adjusted to the FRD of the FA decay is described. In addition, it validates the D2 approach using 2 simulated data sets of 6 groups with similar widely and closely spaced FA decay data as well as in experimental data of 4 samples of a fluorophore-solvent (fluorescein-glycerol) system. In the simulations, the classification accuracy was above 95% for all 6 groups. In the experimental data, the classification accuracy was 100%. The D2 approach can help classify samples whose FA decay data are difficult to extract making FA in the FD a realistic diagnostic tool. The D2 approach offers an advanced method for sorting biological samples with differences beyond the practical temporal resolution limit in a reliable and efficient manner based on the FRD of their time-resolved fluorescence measurements thereby achieving better diagnostic quality in a shorter time.
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6
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Ouyang Y, Liu Y, Wang ZM, Liu Z, Wu M. FLIM as a Promising Tool for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:133. [PMID: 34138374 PMCID: PMC8175610 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been rapidly developed over the past 30 years and widely applied in biomedical engineering. Recent progress in fluorophore-dyed probe design has widened the application prospects of fluorescence. Because fluorescence lifetime is sensitive to microenvironments and molecule alterations, FLIM is promising for the detection of pathological conditions. Current cancer-related FLIM applications can be divided into three main categories: (i) FLIM with autofluorescence molecules in or out of a cell, especially with reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide for cellular metabolism research; (ii) FLIM with Förster resonance energy transfer for monitoring protein interactions; and (iii) FLIM with fluorophore-dyed probes for specific aberration detection. Advancements in nanomaterial production and efficient calculation systems, as well as novel cancer biomarker discoveries, have promoted FLIM optimization, offering more opportunities for medical research and applications to cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. This review summarizes cutting-edge researches from 2015 to 2020 on cancer-related FLIM applications and the potential of FLIM for future cancer diagnosis methods and anti-cancer therapy development. We also highlight current challenges and provide perspectives for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, A510a, Virtual University Building, Nanshan District, Southern District, High-tech Industrial Park, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwen Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Pawar S, Duadi H, Fleger Y, Fixler D. Carbon Dots-Based Logic Gates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:232. [PMID: 33477327 PMCID: PMC7830989 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs)-based logic gates are smart nanoprobes that can respond to various analytes such as metal cations, anions, amino acids, pesticides, antioxidants, etc. Most of these logic gates are based on fluorescence techniques because they are inexpensive, give an instant response, and highly sensitive. Computations based on molecular logic can lead to advancement in modern science. This review focuses on different logic functions based on the sensing abilities of CDs and their synthesis. We also discuss the sensing mechanism of these logic gates and bring different types of possible logic operations. This review envisions that CDs-based logic gates have a promising future in computing nanodevices. In addition, we cover the advancement in CDs-based logic gates with the focus of understanding the fundamentals of how CDs have the potential for performing various logic functions depending upon their different categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Pawar
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (S.P.); (H.D.)
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (S.P.); (H.D.)
| | - Yafit Fleger
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (S.P.); (H.D.)
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8
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Bony BA, Miller HA, Tarudji AW, Gee CC, Sarella A, Nichols MG, Kievit FM. Ultrasmall Mixed Eu-Gd Oxide Nanoparticles for Multimodal Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Passive Accumulation and Retention in TBI. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16220-16227. [PMID: 32656444 PMCID: PMC7346268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. TBI can have a long-term impact on the quality of life for survivors of all ages. However, there remains no approved treatment that improves outcomes following TBI, which is partially due to poor delivery of therapies into the brain. Therefore, there is a significant unmet need to develop more effective delivery strategies that increase the accumulation and retention of potentially efficacious treatments in the injured brain. Recent work has revealed that nanoparticles (NPs) may offer a promising approach for site-specific delivery; however, a detailed understanding of the specific NP properties that promote brain accumulation and retention are still being developed. Multimodal imaging plays a vital role in the understanding of physicochemical properties that initiate the uptake and accumulation of NPs in the brain at both high spatial (e.g., fluorescence imaging) and temporal (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) frequency. However, many NP systems that are currently used in TBI only provide contrast in a single imaging modality limiting the imaging data that can be obtained, and those that offer multimodal imaging capabilities have complicated multistep synthesis methods. Therefore, the goal of this work was to develop an ultrasmall NP with simple fabrication capable of multimodal imaging. Here, we describe the development, characterization, accumulation, and retention of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated europium-gadolinium (Eu-Gd) mixed magnetic NPs (MNPs) in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. We find that these NPs having an ultrasmall core size of 2 nm and a small hydrodynamic size of 13.5 nm can be detected in both fluorescence and MR imaging modalities and rapidly accumulate and are retained in injured brain parenchyma. These NPs should allow for further testing of NP physicochemical properties that promote accumulation and retention in TBI and other disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Alam Bony
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
| | - Hunter A. Miller
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
| | - Aria W. Tarudji
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
| | - Connor C. Gee
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
| | - Anandakumar Sarella
- Nebraska
Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University
of Nebraska—Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0298, United States
| | - Michael G. Nichols
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Forrest M. Kievit
- Department of Biological
Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 3605 Fair Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0726, United States
- . Tel: +1-402-472-2175
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9
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Ma L, Han X, Gu J, Li J, Lou W, Jin C, Saiyin H. The physiological characteristics of the basal microvilli microvessels in pancreatic cancers. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5535-5545. [PMID: 32488986 PMCID: PMC7402840 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal tumor with controversial high glucose uptake and hypomicrovascularity, and the hypomicrovasculature, which is considered to have poor perfusion, blocks the delivery of drugs to tumors. The preferential existence of a novel endothelial projection with trafficking vesicles in PCs, referring to basal microvilli, was described previously. However, the perfusion and nutrients delivering status of the basal microvilli microvessels are unknown. Here, we used the perfusion of fluorescently labeled CD31 antibody, lectin, and 2‐NBDG to autochthonous PC‐bearing mice, immunostaining, probe‐based confocal laser endoscopy and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction to study the nutrient trafficking, and perfusion status of the basal microvilli microvasculature in PC. Our data showed that the coperfusion of lectin and CD31 is an efficient way to show the microcirculation in most healthy organs. However, coperfusion with lectin and CD31 is inefficient for showing the microcirculation in PCs compared with that in healthy organs and immunostaining. This method does not reflect the nutrient trafficking status in the microvessels, especially in basal microvilli microvessels of PCs. In basal microvilli microvessels that were poorly labeled by lectin, we observed large vesicle‐like structures with 2‐NBDG preferentially located at the base of the basal microvilli or in basal microvilli, and there were long filopodia on the luminal surface of the human PC microvasculature. Our observations suggest that the PC microvasculature, especially basal microvilli microvessels, is well perfused and might be highly efficient in the trafficking of glucose or other nutrients, indicating that macropinocytosis might participate in the nutrient trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Han
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichun Gu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Wang Q, Fu C, Zhao Z, Fu A. Targeted Theranostic of Cryptococcal Encephalitis by a Novel Polypyridyl Ruthenium Complex. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:145-154. [PMID: 31800255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is one of the most well-known zoonotic fungal pathogens. Cryptococcal encephalitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. Effective and targeting killing of C. neoformans in the brain is an essential approach to prevent and treat cryptococcal encephalitis. In this study, a fluorescent polypyridyl ruthenium complex RC-7, {[phen2Ru(bpy-dinonyl)](PF6)2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bpy-dinonyl = 4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridine)}, was screened out, which showed a highly fungicidal effect on C. neoformans. The values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) in antifungal activities were significantly lower than fluconazole as the control. Moreover, RC-7 was prepared as a brain-targeting nanoliposome (RDP-liposome; RDP is a peptide derived from rabies virus glycoprotein) for in vivo application. The results revealed that the liposomes could accumulate in the encephalitis brain and play an antifungal role. Compared with the cryptococcal encephalitis model mice, the RDP-liposomes remarkably prolonged the survival days of the encephalitis-bearing mice from 10 days to 24 days. Here, we introduce a polypyridyl ruthenium complex that could be used as a novel antifungal agent, and this study may have a broad impact on the development of targeted delivery based on ruthenium complex-loaded liposomes for theranostics of cryptococcal encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China.,College of Animal Science , Southwest University , Chongqing 402460 , China
| | - Chen Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Zizhen Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
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11
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Yahav G, Diamandi HH, Preter E, Fixler D. The squared distance approach to frequency domain time-resolved fluorescence analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800485. [PMID: 30809961 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A frequency-domain (FD) analysis of fluorescence lifetime (FLT) is a unique and rapid method for cellular and intracellular classifications that can serve for medical diagnostics purposes. Nevertheless, its data analysis process demands nonlinear fitting algorithms that may distort the resolution of the FLT data and hence diminish the classification ability of the method. This research suggests a sample classification technique that is unaffected by the analysis process as it is based on the squared distance (D2 ) between the raw frequency response data (FRD). In addition, it presents the theory behind this technique and its validation in two simulated data sets of six groups with similar widely and closely spaced FLT data as well as in experimental data of 43 samples from bacterial and viral infected and non-infected patients. In the two simulated tests, the classification accuracy was above 95% for all six groups. In the experimental data, the classification of 41 out of 43 samples matched earlier report and 29 out of 31 agreed with preliminary physician diagnosis. The D2 approach has the potential to promote FD-time resolved fluorescence measurements as a medical diagnostic technique with high specifity and high sensitivity for many of today's conventional diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Yahav
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hilel H Diamandi
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eyal Preter
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in thyroid tissues, and to investigate how different thyroid lesions affect fluorescence lifetime. METHOD Fluorescence lifetime measurements were taken of fresh frozen thyroid surgical specimens stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate tagged anti-thyroglobulin monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS The mean fluorescence lifetime measurements in 12 patients - 3 with multinodular goitre, 4 with follicular adenoma, 4 with papillary thyroid carcinoma and 1 with follicular carcinoma - were 3.16 ns (range, 2.66-3.52 ns), 3.75 ns (range, 2.99-4.57 ns), 2.97 ns (range, 2.57-3.21 ns) and 3.61 ns, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of follicular adenoma patients was higher than that of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients by 26 per cent (p = 0.058). The fluorescence lifetime in the follicular carcinoma patient was similar to the follicular adenoma group, but higher than in the papillary thyroid carcinoma group by 22 per cent (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Fluorescence lifetime measurements varied in different thyroid pathologies, possibly because of tissue-scale structural influences.
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Yahav G, Gershanov S, Salmon-Divon M, Ben-Zvi H, Mircus G, Goldenberg-Cohen N, Fixler D. Pathogen Detection Using Frequency Domain Fluorescent Lifetime Measurements. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 65:2731-2741. [PMID: 29993446 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2814597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation of the meninges is a source of severe morbidity and therefore is an important health concerns worldwide. The conventional clinical microbiology approaches used today to identify pathogens suffer from several drawbacks and frequently provide false results. This research describes a fast method to detect the presence of pathogens using the frequency domain (FD) fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging microscopy (FLIM) system. METHODS The study included 43 individuals divided into 4 groups: 9 diagnosed with different types of bacteria; 16 diagnosed with different types of viruses; 5 healthy samples served as a control; and 12 samples were negative to any pathogen, although presenting related symptoms. All samples contained leukocytes that were extracted from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and were subjected to nuclear staining by 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and FLT analyses based on phase and amplitude crossing point (CRPO). RESULTS Using notched boxplots, we found differences in 95% probability between the first three groups through different notch ranges (NR). Pathogen samples presented a longer median FLT (3.28 ns with NR of 3.24-3.32 ns in bacteria and 3.18 ns with NR of 3.16-3.21 ns in viruses) compared to the control median FLT (2.65 ns with NR of 2.63-2.67 ns). Furthermore, we found that the undetected forth group was divided into two types: a relatively normal median FLT (2.72 ns with NR of 2.68-2.76 ns) and a prolonged FLT (3.22 ns with NR of 3.17-3.27 ns). CONCLUSION FLT measurements can differentiate between control and pathogen by the CRPO method. SIGNIFICANCE The FD-FLIM system can provide a high throughput diagnostic technique that does not require a physician.
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhou M, Liu C. Therapeutic effects of fibroblast growth factor‑21 against atherosclerosis via the NF‑κB pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:1453-1460. [PMID: 29257234 PMCID: PMC5780083 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor‑21 (FGF‑21) is a pleiotropic protein predominantly secreted in the liver, adipose tissue and pancreas. It has been reported that the metabolic hormone effects of FGF‑21 on energy metabolism are essential for human vascular endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and the underlying primary mechanism of FGF‑21 on atherosclerosis in a rat model induced by vitamin D3 and a high fat diet. The rats with atherosclerosis were randomly divided into vehicle (PBS; negative control), FGF‑21 (6 mg/kg/d) and atorvastatin (6 mg/kg/d; positive control) groups (n=40 in each group). The rats with atherosclerosis received continuous drug or PBS administration via intravenous injection for a treatment period of 30 days, following which all animals were sacrificed. The expression levels of FGF‑21 were determined prior to and following treatment with the drug or PBS. Alterations in ultrastructure and histopathology in vascular endothelial cells were examined, and the expression of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF‑κB) and levels of blood lipids in the thoracic aorta tissues were also determined. The results showed that typical atheromatous plaques formed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of FGF‑21 were lower in the vascular endothelial cells of the rats with atherosclerosis, compared with the normal rats. FGF‑21 significantly reduced blood lipids and glucose in the rats with atherosclerosis, compared with those in the PBS and atorvastatin groups (P<0.01). The expression levels of Rho kinase and NF‑κB were significantly lower in the FGF‑21 group, compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). Statistically significant differences were found in atheromatous plaques and inflammatory factors in the FGF‑21 group, compared with the PBS and atorvastatin groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, FGF‑21 significantly downregulated the levels of blood lipids, Rho kinase and NF‑κB, which contributed to atherosclerosis therapy in the model rats and indicated the potential mechanisms against atherosclerosis in the model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Changjian Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime (FLT) is a robust intrinsic property and material constant of fluorescent matter. Measuring this important physical indicator has evolved from a laboratory curiosity to a powerful and established technique for a variety of applications in drug discovery, medical diagnostics and basic biological research. This distinct trend was mainly driven by improved and meanwhile affordable laser and detection instrumentation on the one hand, and the development of suitable FLT probes and biological assays on the other. In this process two essential working approaches emerged. The first one is primarily focused on high throughput applications employing biochemical in vitro assays with no requirement for high spatial resolution. The second even more dynamic trend is the significant expansion of assay methods combining highly time and spatially resolved fluorescence data by fluorescence lifetime imaging. The latter approach is currently pursued to enable not only the investigation of immortal tumor cell lines, but also specific tissues or even organs in living animals. This review tries to give an actual overview about the current status of FLT based bioassays and the wide range of application opportunities in biomedical and life science areas. In addition, future trends of FLT technologies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany
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16
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Yahav G, Barnoy E, Roth N, Turgeman L, Fixler D. Reference-independent wide field fluorescence lifetime measurements using Frequency-Domain (FD) technique based on phase and amplitude crossing point. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1198-1207. [PMID: 27774782 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is an essential tool in many scientific fields such as biology and medicine thanks to the known advantages of the fluorescence lifetime (FLT) over the classical fluorescence intensity (FI). However, the frequency domain (FD) FLIM technique suffers from its strong dependence on the reference and its compliance to the sample. In this paper, we suggest a new way to calculate the FLT by using the crossing point (CRPO) between the modulation and phase FLTs measured over several light emitting diode (LED) DC currents values instead of either method alone. This new technique was validated by measuring homogeneous substances with known FLT, where the CRPO appears to be the optimal measuring point. Furthermore, the CRPO method was applied in heterogeneous samples. It was found that the CRPO in known mixed solutions is the weighted average of the used solutions. While measuring B16 and lymphocyte cells, the CRPO of the DAPI compound in single FLT regions was measured at 3.5 ± 0.06 ns and at 2.83 ± 0.07 ns, respectively, both of which match previous reports and multi-frequency analyses. This paper suggests the CRPO as a new method to extract the FLT in problematic cases such as high MCP gains and heterogeneous environments. In traditional FD FLIM measurements, the variation in phase angle and modulation are measured. By measuring over varying DC currents, another variation is detected in the FLT determined through the phase and modulation methods, with the CRPO indicating the true FLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Yahav
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Barnoy
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nir Roth
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Turgeman
- Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Roberto Clemente Dr, PA, 15260, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Gershanov S, Michowiz S, Toledano H, Yahav G, Barinfeld O, Hirshberg A, Ben-Zvi H, Mircus G, Salmon-Divon M, Fixler D, Goldenberg-Cohen N. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy, a Novel Diagnostic Tool for Metastatic Cell Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623325 PMCID: PMC5473849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In pediatric brain tumours, dissemination of malignant cells within the central nervous system confers poor prognosis and determines treatment intensity, but is often undetectable by imaging or cytology. This study describes the use of fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging microscopy (FLIM), a novel diagnostic tool, for detection of metastatic spread. The study group included 15 children with medulloblastoma and 2 with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour. Cells extracted from the tumour and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 2 weeks postoperatively and repeatedly during chemo/radiotherapy were subjected to nuclear staining followed by FLT measurement and cytological study. Control CSF samples were collected from patients with infectious/inflammatory disease attending the same hospital. Median FLT was prolonged in tumour cells (4.27 ± 0.28 ns; P < 2.2*10−16) and CSF metastatic cells obtained before chemo/radiotherapy (6.28 ± 0.22 ns; P < 2.2*10−16); normal in inflammatory control cells (2.6 ± 0.04 ns) and cells from children without metastasis before chemo/radiotherapy (2.62 ± 0.23 ns; P = 0.858) and following treatment (2.62 ± 0.21 ns; P = 0.053); and short in CSF metastatic cells obtained after chemo/radiotherapy (2.40 ± 0.2 ns; P < 2.2*10−16). FLIM is a simple test that can potentially identify CSF spread of brain tumours. FLT changes in accordance with treatment, with significant prolonged median values in tumours and metastases. More accurate detection of metastatic cells may guide personalised treatment and improve the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Gershanov
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.,The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Shalom Michowiz
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, 4920235, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Helen Toledano
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, 4920235, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gilad Yahav
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Orit Barinfeld
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Avraham Hirshberg
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Haim Ben-Zvi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel
| | - Gabriel Mircus
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3339419, Israel.
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Zhang Y, Cuyt A, Lee WS, Lo Bianco G, Wu G, Chen Y, Li DDU. Towards unsupervised fluorescence lifetime imaging using low dimensional variable projection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:26777-26791. [PMID: 27857408 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.026777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing large fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) data is becoming overwhelming; the latest FLIM systems easily produce massive amounts of data, making an efficient analysis more challenging than ever. In this paper we propose the combination of a custom-fit variable projection method, with a Laguerre expansion based deconvolution, to analyze bi-exponential data obtained from time-domain FLIM systems. Unlike nonlinear least squares methods, which require a suitable initial guess from an experienced researcher, the new method is free from manual interventions and hence can support automated analysis. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out on synthesized FLIM data to demonstrate the performance compared to other approaches. The performance is also illustrated on real-life FLIM data obtained from the study of autofluorescence of daisy pollen and the endocytosis of gold nanorods (GNRs) in living cells. In the latter, the fluorescence lifetimes of the GNRs are much shorter than the full width at half maximum of the instrument response function. Overall, our proposed method contains simple steps and shows great promise in realising automated FLIM analysis of large data sets.
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Zahavi T, Yahav G, Shimshon Y, Gershanov S, Kaduri L, Sonnenblick A, Fixler D, Salmon AY, Salmon-Divon M. Utilizing fluorescent life time imaging microscopy technology for identify carriers of BRCA2 mutation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:36-41. [PMID: 27721065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, more than one million women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year, making it the most common female malignancy in the developed world. Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are estimated to increase the risk for developing breast cancer by up to 87%. From a clinical point of view, identification of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers offers an opportunity to early identify or prevent the development of malignancy; therefore the ability to determine which women are more likely to carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations is of great importance. The available diagnostic tests for mutation analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 are time- and labor-intensive, expensive, and do not allow the identification of all the functional mutations. We utilized the Fluorescent lifetime (FLT) imaging microscopy method which allows recognizing different cell populations, in order to distinguish between lymphocytes from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and non-carrier women by using easily obtainable lymphocyte cells from peripheral blood. Our results demonstrate that cells originated from BRCA2-mutation carriers have significantly lower FLT values compared with BRCA1 mutation carriers and control cells. This simple, inexpensive and sensitive method may be utilized in the future to detect BRCA2 mutation carriers, particularly those bearing unknown functional mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Zahavi
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gilad Yahav
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Shimshon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Sivan Gershanov
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Luna Kaduri
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Asher Y Salmon
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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An Q, Qi G, Jin M. Current views of pediatric B cell precursor acute leucoyteic leukemia. Minerva Pediatr 2016; 71:376-379. [PMID: 27652901 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.16.04730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The most common type cancer prevailing in pediatric patients worldwide is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The characteristic feature of this cancer is the accumulation of immature lymphoid cell in the bone marrow. Further a subtype of ALL namely B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL has raised in the recent years and is the most common subtype of ALL prevalent in children worldwide. The present review article will put light on the current aspects of BCP ALL including etiology, causative factors, diagnostic and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gongjian Qi
- Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Jin
- Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China -
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