1
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Zhang S, Zhang T, Wang S, Han Z, Duan X, Wang J. Phenotyping of single plant cells on a microfluidic cytometry platform with fluorescent, mechanical, and electrical modules. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 39015957 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Compared to animal cells, phenotypic characterization of single plant cells on microfluidic platforms is still rare. In this work, we collated population statistics on the morphological, biochemical, physical and electrical properties of Arabidopsis protoplasts under different external and internal conditions, using progressively improved microfluidic platforms. First, we analyzed the different effects of three phytohormones (auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin) on the primary cell wall (PCW) regeneration process using a microfluidic flow cytometry platform equipped with a single-channel fluorescence sensor. Second, we correlated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level induced by heavy metal stress with the concurrent PCW regeneration process by using a dual-channel fluorescence sensor. Third, by integrating contraction channels, we were able to effectively discriminate variations in cell size while monitoring the intensity of intracellular ROS signaling. Fourth, by combining an electrical impedance electrode with the contraction channel, we analyzed the differences in electrical and mechanical properties of wild-type and mutant plant cells before and after primary cell wall regeneration. Overall, our work demonstrates the feasibility and sensitivity of microfluidic flow cytometry in high-throughput phenotyping of plant cells and provides a reference for assessing metabolic and physiological indicators of individual plant cells in multiple dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ziyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Wen Y, Yang H, Hong Y. Transcriptomic Approaches to Cardiomyocyte-Biomaterial Interactions: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4175-4194. [PMID: 38934720 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials, essential for supporting, enhancing, and repairing damaged tissues, play a critical role in various medical applications. This Review focuses on the interaction of biomaterials and cardiomyocytes, emphasizing the unique significance of transcriptomic approaches in understanding their interactions, which are pivotal in cardiac bioengineering and regenerative medicine. Transcriptomic approaches serve as powerful tools to investigate how cardiomyocytes respond to biomaterials, shedding light on the gene expression patterns, regulatory pathways, and cellular processes involved in these interactions. Emerging technologies such as bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, single-nucleus RNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics offer promising avenues for more precise and in-depth investigations. Longitudinal studies, pathway analyses, and machine learning techniques further improve the ability to explore the complex regulatory mechanisms involved. This review also discusses the challenges and opportunities of utilizing transcriptomic techniques in cardiomyocyte-biomaterial research. Although there are ongoing challenges such as costs, cell size limitation, sample differences, and complex analytical process, there exist exciting prospects in comprehensive gene expression analyses, biomaterial design, cardiac disease treatment, and drug testing. These multimodal methodologies have the capacity to deepen our understanding of the intricate interaction network between cardiomyocytes and biomaterials, potentially revolutionizing cardiac research with the aim of promoting heart health, and they are also promising for studying interactions between biomaterials and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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3
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van Kesteren S, Diethelm P, Isa L. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for purifying colloidal clusters. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2881-2886. [PMID: 38477048 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal particles are considered to be essential building blocks for creating innovative self-assembled and active materials, for which complexity beyond that of compositionally uniform particles is key. However, synthesizing complex, multi-material colloids remains a challenge, often resulting in heterogeneous populations that require post-synthesis purification. Leveraging advances brought forward in the purification of biological samples, here we apply fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to sort colloidal clusters synthesized through capillary assembly. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of FACS in sorting clusters based on size, shape, and composition. Notably, we achieve a sorting purity of up to 97% for clusters composed of up to 9 particles, albeit observing a decline in purity with increasing cluster size. Additionally, dimers of different colloids can be purified to over 97%, while linear and triangular trimers can be separated with up to 88% purity. This work underscores the potential of FACS as a promising and little-used tool in colloidal science to support the development of increasingly more intricate particle-based building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven van Kesteren
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, ETH Zurich, Vladmir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Diethelm
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, ETH Zurich, Vladmir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, ETH Zurich, Vladmir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
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Jiang F, Liu D, Dai J, Yang T, Zhang J, Che D, Fan J. Cloning and Functional Characterization of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (LiMCT) Gene in Oriental Lily (Lilium 'Sorbonne'). Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:56-67. [PMID: 37014586 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (MCT) is a key enzyme in the MEP pathway of monoterpene synthesis, catalyzing the generation of 4- (5'-pyrophosphate cytidine)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol from 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate. We used homologous cloning strategy to clone gene, LiMCT, in the MEP pathway that may be involved in the regulation of floral fragrance synthesis in the Lilium oriental hybrid 'Sorbonne.' The full-length ORF sequence was 837 bp, encoding 278 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the relative molecular weight of LiMCT protein is 68.56 kD and the isoelectric point (pI) is 5.12. The expression pattern of LiMCT gene was found to be consistent with the accumulation sites and emission patterns of floral fragrance monoterpenes in transcriptome data (unpublished). Subcellular localization indicated that the LiMCT protein is located in chloroplasts, which is consistent with the location of MEP pathway genes functioning in plastids to produce isoprene precursors. Overexpression of LiMCT in Arabidopsis thaliana affected the expression levels of MEP and MVA pathway genes, suggesting that overexpression of the LiMCT in A. thaliana affected the metabolic flow of C5 precursors of two different terpene synthesis pathways. The expression of the monoterpene synthase AtTPS14 was elevated nearly fourfold in transgenic A. thaliana compared with the control, and the levels of carotenoids and chlorophylls, the end products of the MEP pathway, were significantly increased in the leaves at full bloom, indicating that LiMCT plays an important role in regulating monoterpene synthesis and in the synthesis of other isoprene-like precursors in transgenic A. thaliana flowers. However, the specific mechanism of LiMCT in promoting the accumulation of isoprene products of the MEP pathway and the biosynthesis of floral monoterpene volatile components needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dongying Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingqi Dai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Daidi Che
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinping Fan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Ding Y, Peng YY, Li S, Tang C, Gao J, Wang HY, Long ZY, Lu XM, Wang YT. Single-Cell Sequencing Technology and Its Application in the Study of Central Nervous System Diseases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023:10.1007/s12013-023-01207-3. [PMID: 38133792 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system consists of a large number of cells, which contain not only different types of neurons, but also a large number of glial cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. These cells are capable of performing highly refined electrophysiological activities and providing the brain with functions such as nutritional support, information transmission and pathogen defense. The diversity of cell types and individual differences between cells have brought inspiration to the study of the mechanism of central nervous system diseases. In order to explore the role of different cells, a new technology, single-cell sequencing technology has emerged to perform specific analysis of high-throughput cell populations, and has been continuously developed. Single-cell sequencing technology can accurately analyze single-cell expression in mixed-cell populations and collect cells from different spatial locations, time stages and types. By using single-cell sequencing technology to compare gene expression profiles of normal and diseased cells, it is possible to discover cell subsets associated with specific diseases and their associated genes. Therefore, scientists can understand the development process, related functions and disease state of the nervous system from an unprecedented depth. In conclusion, single-cell sequencing technology provides a powerful technology for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Peng
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Can Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zai-Yun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiu-Min Lu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
| | - Yong-Tang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Koutecký P, Smith T, Loureiro J, Kron P. Best practices for instrument settings and raw data analysis in plant flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2023; 103:953-966. [PMID: 37807676 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is now the most widely used method to determine ploidy levels and genome size of plants. To get reliable estimates and allow reproducibility of measurements, the methodology should be standardized and follow the best practices in the field. In this article, we discuss instrument calibration and quality control and various instrument and acquisition settings (parameters, flow rate, number of events, scales, use of discriminators, peak positions). These settings must be decided before measurements because they determine the amount and quality of the data and thus influence all downstream analyses. We describe the two main approaches to raw data analysis (gating and histogram modeling), and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we provide a summary of best practice recommendations for data acquisition and raw data analysis in plant FCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Koutecký
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Tyler Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paul Kron
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Mezzanzanica G, Français O, Mariani S. Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Microfluidic Device for Microparticles Manipulation: Effects of Microchannel Elasticity on the Device Performance. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1799. [PMID: 37763962 PMCID: PMC10537826 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Size sorting, line focusing, and isolation of microparticles or cells are fundamental ingredients in the improvement of disease diagnostic tools adopted in biology and biomedicine. Microfluidic devices are exploited as a solution to transport and manipulate (bio)particles via a liquid flow. Use of acoustic waves traveling through the fluid provides non-contact solutions to the handling goal, by exploiting the acoustophoretic phenomenon. In this paper, a finite element model of a microfluidic surface acoustic wave-based device for the manipulation of microparticles is reported. Counter-propagating waves are designed to interfere inside a PDMS microchannel and generate a standing surface acoustic wave which is transmitted to the fluid as a standing pressure field. A model of the cross-section of the device is considered to perform a sensitivity analysis of such a standing pressure field to uncertainties related to the geometry of the microchannel, especially in terms of thickness and width of the fluid domain. To also assess the effects caused by possible secondary waves traveling in the microchannel, the PDMS is modeled as an elastic solid material. Remarkable effects and possible issues in microparticle actuation, as related to the size of the microchannel, are discussed by way of exemplary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Mezzanzanica
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Olivier Français
- Electronics, Communication systems and Microsystems (ESYCOM), Université Gustave Eiffel, National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France;
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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8
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Kumar B, Chaujar R. Fin field-effect-transistor engineered sensor for detection of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells: A switching-ratio-based sensitivity analysis. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034408. [PMID: 37849201 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the utilization of a gallium-arsenide gate-stack gate-all-around (GaAs-GS-GAA) fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) to accomplish the electrical identification of the breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 by monitoring the device switching ratio. The proposed sensor uses four nanocavities carved beneath the gate electrodes for enhanced detection sensitivity. MDA-MB-231 (cancerous) and MCF-10A (healthy) breast cells have a distinct dielectric constant, and it changes when exposed to microwave frequencies spanning across 200 MHz and 13.6 GHz, which modifies the electrical characteristics, allowing for early diagnosis. First, a percentage shift in the primary DC characteristics is presented to demonstrate the advantage of GS-GAA FinFET over conventional FinFET. The sensor measures the switching-ratio-based sensitivity, which comes out to be 99.72% for MDA-MB-231 and 47.78% for MCF-10A. The sensor was tested for stability and reproducibility and found to be repeatable and sufficiently stable with settling times of 55.51, 60.80, and 71.58 ps for MDA-MB-231 cells, MCF-10A cells, and air, respectively. It can distinguish between viable and nonviable cells based on electrical response alterations. The possibility of early detection of cancerous breast cells using Bruggeman's model is also discussed. Further, the impact of biomolecule occupancy and frequency variations on the device sensitivity is carried out. This study also explains how to maximize the sensing performance by adjusting the fin height, fin width, work function, channel doping, temperature, and drain voltage. Lastly, this article compared the proposed breast cancer cell detectors to existing literature to evaluate their performance and found considerable improvement. The findings of this research have the potential to establish GaAs-GS-GAA FinFET as a promising contender for MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rishu Chaujar
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
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Wang R, Li X, Zhu S, Zhang D, Han S, Li Z, Lu J, Chu H, Xiao J, Li S. Integrated flow cytometric and proteomics analyses reveal the regulatory network underlying sugarcane protoplast responses to fusion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107918. [PMID: 37619268 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic cell fusion is a process that transfers cytoplasmic and nuclear genes to create new germplasm resources. But our limited understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms that shape protoplast responses to fusion. METHOD We employed flow cytometry, cytology, proteomics, and gene expression analysis to examine the sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) protoplast fusion. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis revealed the fusion rate of protoplasts was 1.95%, the FSC value and SSC of heterozygous cells was 1.17-1.47 times higher than that of protoplasts. The protoplasts viability decreased and the MDA increased after fusion. During fusion, the cell membranes were perforated to different degrees, nuclear activity was weakened, while microtubules depolymerized and formed several short rod like structures in the protoplasts. The most abundant proteins during fusion were mainly involved in RNA processing and modification, cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partition, nuclear structure, extracellular structures, and nucleotide transport and metabolism. Moreover, the expression of key regeneration genes, such as WUS, GAUT, CESA, PSK, Aux/IAA, Cdc2, Cyclin D3, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B, was significantly altered following fusion. PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE Overall, our findings provide a theoretical basis that increases our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying protoplast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Xinzhu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, No. 182, Minzu Avenue, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Demei Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Shijian Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Haiwei Chu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Jiming Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Suli Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, 530004, China.
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Adjei MO, Zhao H, Tao X, Yang L, Deng S, Li X, Mao X, Li S, Huang J, Luo R, Gao A, Ma J. Using A Protoplast Transformation System to Enable Functional Studies in Mangifera indica L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11984. [PMID: 37569360 PMCID: PMC10418398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) are an important kind of perennial fruit tree, but their biochemical testing method and transformation technology were insufficient and had not been rigorously explored. The protoplast technology is an excellent method for creating a rapid and effective tool for transient expression and transformation assays, particularly in plants that lack an Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation system. This study optimized the conditions of the protoplast isolation and transformation system, which can provide a lot of help in the gene expression regulation study of mango. The most beneficial protoplast isolation conditions were 150 mg/mL of cellulase R-10 and 180 mg/mL of macerozyme R-10 in the digestion solution at pH 5.6 and 12 h of digestion time. The 0.16 M and 0.08 M mannitol in wash solution (WI) and suspension for counting (MMG), respectively, were optimal for the protoplast isolation yield. The isolated leaf protoplasts (~5.4 × 105 cells/10 mL) were transfected for 30 min mediated by 40% calcium-chloride-based polyethylene glycol (PEG)-4000-CaCl2, from which 84.38% of the protoplasts were transformed. About 0.08 M and 0.12 M of mannitol concentration in MMG and transfection solutions, respectively, were optimal for protoplast viability. Under the florescence signal, GFP was seen in the transformed protoplasts. This showed that the target gene was successfully induced into the protoplast and that it can be transcribed and translated. Experimental results in this paper show that our high-efficiency protoplast isolation and PEG-mediated transformation protocols can provide excellent new methods for creating a rapid and effective tool for the molecular mechanism study of mangoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Owusu Adjei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuyue Deng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiyan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinjing Mao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ruixiong Luo
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Aiping Gao
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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11
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Liu YL, Guo YH, Song XQ, Hu MX, Zhao ST. A method for analyzing programmed cell death in xylem development by flow cytometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1196618. [PMID: 37360718 PMCID: PMC10288846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1196618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically regulated developmental process leading to the death of specific types of plant cells, which plays important roles in plant development and growth such as wood formation. However, an efficient method needs to be established to study PCD in woody plants. Flow cytometry is widely utilized to evaluate apoptosis in mammalian cells, while it is rarely used to detect PCD in plants, especially in woody plants. Here, we reported that the xylem cell protoplasts from poplar stem were stained with a combination of fluorescein annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) and then sorted by flow cytometry. As expected, living cells (annexin V-FITC negative/PI negative), early PCD cells (annexin V-FITC positive/PI negative), and late PCD cells (annexin V-FITC positive/PI positive) could be finely distinguished through this method and then subjected for quantitative analysis. The expression of cell-type- and developmental stages-specific marker genes was consistent with the cell morphological observation. Therefore, the newly developed fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) method can be used to study PCD in woody plants, which will be beneficial for studying the molecular mechanisms of wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hua Guo
- National Center for Protein Sciences at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Xuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Tang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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12
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Galbraith D, Loureiro J. Best practices in plant cytometry: The second tranche. Cytometry A 2022; 101:701-702. [PMID: 36047544 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Galbraith
- University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson, USA.,School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Dai X, Zhang S, Liu S, Qi H, Duan X, Han Z, Wang J. Functional Characterization and Phenotyping of Protoplasts on a Microfluidics-Based Flow Cytometry. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090688. [PMID: 36140072 PMCID: PMC9496511 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the phenotypic heterogeneity of protoplasts requires a comprehensive analysis of the morphological and metabolic characteristics of many individual cells. In this study, we developed a microfluidic flow cytometry with fluorescence sensor for functional characterization and phenotyping of protoplasts to allow an unbiased assessment of the influence of environmental factors at the single cell level. First, based on the measurement of intracellular homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a DCFH-DA dye, the effects of various external stress factors such as H2O2, temperature, ultraviolet (UV) light, and cadmium ions on intracellular ROS accumulation in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts were quantitatively investigated. Second, a faster and stronger oxidative burst was observed in Petunia protoplasts isolated from white petals than in those isolated from purple petals, demonstrating the photoprotective role of anthocyanins. Third, using mutants with different endogenous auxin, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of auxin during the process of primary cell wall regeneration. Moreover, UV-B irradiation has a similar accelerating effect by increasing the intracellular auxin level, as shown by double fluorescence channels. In summary, our work has revealed previously underappreciated phenotypic variability within a protoplast population and demonstrated the advantages of a microfluidic flow cytometry for assessing the in vivo dynamics of plant metabolic and physiological indices at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingda Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (J.W.)
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14
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Sliwinska E, Loureiro J, Leitch IJ, Šmarda P, Bainard J, Bureš P, Chumová Z, Horová L, Koutecký P, Lučanová M, Trávníček P, Galbraith DW. Application-based guidelines for best practices in plant flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2021; 101:749-781. [PMID: 34585818 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is currently the most widely-used method to establish nuclear DNA content in plants. Since simple, 1-3-parameter, flow cytometers, which are sufficient for most plant applications, are commercially available at a reasonable price, the number of laboratories equipped with these instruments, and consequently new FCM users, has greatly increased over the last decade. This paper meets an urgent need for comprehensive recommendations for best practices in FCM for different plant science applications. We discuss advantages and limitations of establishing plant ploidy, genome size, DNA base composition, cell cycle activity, and level of endoreduplication. Applications of such measurements in plant systematics, ecology, molecular biology research, reproduction biology, tissue cultures, plant breeding, and seed sciences are described. Advice is included on how to obtain accurate and reliable results, as well as how to manage troubleshooting that may occur during sample preparation, cytometric measurements, and data handling. Each section is followed by best practice recommendations; tips as to what specific information should be provided in FCM papers are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Sliwinska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilia J Leitch
- Kew Science Directorate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Petr Šmarda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jillian Bainard
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Petr Bureš
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chumová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Horová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Koutecký
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Lučanová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trávníček
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - David W Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences, BIO5 Institute, Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Henan University, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Kaifeng, China
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15
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Auxin Metabolome Profiling in the Arabidopsis Endoplasmic Reticulum Using an Optimised Organelle Isolation Protocol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179370. [PMID: 34502279 PMCID: PMC8431077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of intracellular membranes. Its major functions include proteosynthesis, protein folding, post-transcriptional modification and sorting of proteins within the cell, and lipid anabolism. Moreover, several studies have suggested that it may be involved in regulating intracellular auxin homeostasis in plants by modulating its metabolism. Therefore, to study auxin metabolome in the ER, it is necessary to obtain a highly enriched (ideally, pure) ER fraction. Isolation of the ER is challenging because its biochemical properties are very similar to those of other cellular endomembranes. Most published protocols for ER isolation use density gradient ultracentrifugation, despite its suboptimal resolving power. Here we present an optimised protocol for ER isolation from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings for the subsequent mass spectrometric determination of ER-specific auxin metabolite profiles. Auxin metabolite analysis revealed highly elevated levels of active auxin form (IAA) within the ER compared to whole plants. Moreover, samples prepared using our optimised isolation ER protocol are amenable to analysis using various “omics” technologies including analyses of both macromolecular and low molecular weight compounds from the same sample.
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