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Šefer D, Miljić P, Kraguljac-Kurtović N, Bižić-Radulović S, Bogdanović A, Knežević V, Marković D, Beleslin-Čokić B, Novaković I, Marinković J, Leković D, Gotić M, Čokić V. Correlation between leukocyte-platelet aggregates and thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 44:302-312. [PMID: 34755461 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of activated blood and endothelial cells on the thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) has not yet been clarified. We prospectively analyzed correlation between circulating leukocyte-platelet aggregates and soluble selectins to thrombosis occurrence in MPN, in the context of standard and cardiovascular risk factors, and different clinical and biological characteristics. METHODS Flow cytometric analysis of neutrophil-platelet (Neu-Plt) and monocyte-platelet (Mo-Plt) aggregates in peripheral blood, as well as quantification of soluble E-/L-/P-selectins by enzyme immunoassay, was performed on 95 newly diagnosed MPN patients. RESULTS During the follow-up, thrombosis occurred in 12.6% MPN patients (arterial 9.4%, venous 3.2%), with a mean time of 39 months. The overall incidence rate of main thrombotic events was 4.36 per 100 patient-years. The incidence of arterial hypertension (HTA) was significantly higher in patients with thrombosis, compared to those without thrombosis (P < .05). The level of soluble P-selectin was significantly higher in patients with thrombosis compared to those without thrombosis (346.89 ng/mL vs 286.39 ng/mL, P = .034). The mean level of Neu-Plt (26.7% vs 22.4%) and Mo-Plt (17.8% vs 12.3%) aggregates did not differ significantly between the groups with and without thrombosis. A multivariate COX proportional hazard regression model confirmed an independent predictive significance of Mo-Plt aggregates (HR = 1.561, 95% CI: 1.007-2.420, P = .046), as well as the cumulative effect of Mo-Plt aggregates and HTA (HR = 1.975, 95%CI: 1.215-3.212, P = .006) for thrombosis occurrence. CONCLUSION Monocyte-platelet aggregates represent an independent risk factor for thrombosis occurrence, further on supported by HTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Šefer
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Miljić
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Kraguljac-Kurtović
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Bižić-Radulović
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrija Bogdanović
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Knežević
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Marković
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Beleslin-Čokić
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Novaković
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marinković
- Institute for Medical Statistics and informatics, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Leković
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Gotić
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Čokić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Fantini P, Jiménez R, Vilés K, Iborra A, Palhares MS, Catalán J, Prades M, Miró J. Simple Tube Centrifugation Method for Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Preparation in Catalonian Donkeys as a Treatment of Endometritis-Endometrosis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102918. [PMID: 34679937 PMCID: PMC8532663 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used to improve the regenerative capacity of damaged tissues in different species. In equine medicine, PRP is commonly used to treat joint diseases, tendinitis, ligamentous lesions, and persistent endometritis. Jenny endometrium shows a high sensitivity to endometritis. There are important differences between donkey and horse blood characteristics. Several protocols to obtain horse PRP have been reported, but no protocols have yet been reported for obtaining donkey PRP. Our study shows that single-spin tube centrifugation at 133× g for 10 min is appropriate to obtain donkey PRP with therapeutic potential in jenny endometritis-endometriosis. Abstract The aim of this study was to standardize a simple, manual platelet-rich plasma (PRP) protocol in Catalonian donkeys using single-spin tube centrifugation as a treatment for jenny endometritis. The objective was to obtain a blood product with a moderate concentration of platelets (2 or 3 times baseline physiologic values) and a low WBC (White Blood Cells) concentration. Blood was drawn from six Catalonian donkeys using acid citrate dextrose (ACD) as an anticoagulant, and then processed by single centrifugation at 133× g for two different centrifugation times (10 and 15 min). The PRP samples were evaluated by flow cytometry, and TGF-β1 (Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1) concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 10 min centrifugation protocol resulted in a slightly greater release of TGF-β1 (6044.79 ng/mL), a 2.06-fold increase in platelet concentration, and a 15-fold reduction in leukocyte concentration when compared to the initial values. The 15 min centrifugation time resulted in a 2.44-fold increase in baseline platelet concentration, a reduction in WBC count by a factor of 20, and slightly lower TGF levels (5206 ng/mL). We conclude that both protocols are adequate for the obtention of PRP, and both may have an acceptable therapeutic potential for use in this species, although this needs to be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Fantini
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (R.J.); (K.V.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
- Departmento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Román Jiménez
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (R.J.); (K.V.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Karina Vilés
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (R.J.); (K.V.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Antoni Iborra
- SCAC Servei de Cultius Cellulars i Anticossos, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
| | - Maristela Silveira Palhares
- Departmento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Jaime Catalán
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (R.J.); (K.V.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marta Prades
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (R.J.); (K.V.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Jordi Miró
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (R.J.); (K.V.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-5814293
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Rolton A, Ragg NLC. Green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) hemocytes: A flow cytometric study of sampling effects, sub-populations and immune-related functions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:181-189. [PMID: 32416249 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) are a commercially and culturally important bivalve species in New Zealand (NZ). As the highest value export aquaculture product in NZ, understanding and safeguarding the health of this species is imperative. The identification and characterization of hemocytes can provide useful information regarding the health of this species. Using flow cytometry (FCM), the present study assessed for the first time the use of different antiaggregant solutions and storage times on the immune-related parameters of hemocytes from cultured adult P. canaliculus. In addition, characterization of the immune-related functions of hemocyte sub-populations within the hemolymph were assessed. The two antiaggregant solutions tested (Modified Alserver's, MAS, A and B) maintained similar numbers of hemocytes in circulation over a 60 min period but, reduced the viability (MAS A) and increased the ROS production (MAS B) of the hemocytes compared to hemocytes diluted in cold filtered seawater (FSW). Hemocytes diluted in FSW and kept on ice showed significant aggregation after 2 h and a reduction in viability from 4 h. Three different hemocyte sub-populations were identified, discernible by their relative size and internal complexity: blast-like cells, hyalinocytes and granulocytes, which accounted for approximately 4, 67 and 29% of the total hemolymph population respectively. Granulocytes showed significantly higher reactive oxygen species production, phagocytic capabilities and neutral lipid content compared to hyalinocytes and blast-like cells. Results indicate that maintaining extracted hemolymph in cold FSW, completing analysis of fresh samples within 2 h of extraction and FCM assay incubation times of no longer than 30 min are best to obtain accurate results. Formalin fixation can also be used for future determination of hemocyte sub-populations and internal structures. Results from this study will allow effective future study of the effects of various stressors on P. canaliculus health and lead to improved management and production strategies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rolton
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand.
| | - Norman L C Ragg
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
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Grandiosa R, Bouwman ML, Young T, Mérien F, Alfaro AC. Effect of antiaggregants on the in vitro viability, cell count and stability of abalone (Haliotis iris) haemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:131-139. [PMID: 29684604 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to successfully prepare and preserve haemocyte cells for microscopy and flow cytometry is critical for the investigation of animal immune systems. In this study, we observed the total cell count, in vitro viability and stability of New Zealand black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris) haemocytes with different antiaggregants and handling protocols. Haemocyte stability was evaluated by direct observation of haemocytes under the microscope and calculating the aggregation index. Haemocyte counts and viability were measured via flow cytometry and tested for the effect of different antiaggregants (Alsever's solution at three concentrations, and specialised blood collection tubes containing lithium heparin and K2EDTA) at different temperatures and storage times. Results showed that Alsever's solution is an effective antiaggregant at haemolymph:antiaggregant dilution ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Lithium heparin was ineffective as an antiaggregant, whereas K2EDTA was similarly as effective as Alsever's solution. The influence of different mixing techniques (vortex, pipetting and flipping) were subsequently tested using the K2EDTA Microtainer® tubes, revealing that proper mixing should be performed immediately. High cell viability can be achieved by mixing samples by either 10 s of vortexing (1000 rpm), 10 times pipetting or 20 times flipping. The in vitro storage of abalone haemocytes in AS and K2EDTA as antiaggregants at ambient room temperature was highly effective for up to 24 h (75-85% viability; 0.05-0.15 aggregation index) and is recommended for haemocyte studies in H. iris. Utilization of K2EDTA Microtainer® tubes were advantageous since they are more cost effective compared to Alsever's solution, and samples can be prepared more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roffi Grandiosa
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mai-Louise Bouwman
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Mérien
- AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand; AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, Auckland, New Zealand.
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5
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Maharaj S, Lu KD, Radom-Aizik S, Zaldivar F, Haddad F, Shin HW, Leu SY, Nussbaum E, Randhawa I, Cooper DM. Inter- and intra-subject variability of nitric oxide levels in leukocyte subpopulations. Nitric Oxide 2017; 72:41-45. [PMID: 29129818 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of nitric oxide (NO) dynamics in immune cells, commonly measured using NO surrogates such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) rather than NO itself, has been effective in understanding pathophysiology across a wide range of diseases. Although the intracellular measurement of NO is now feasible, many technical issues remain unresolved. The principle aim of our study was to determine the effect of storage time of whole blood on nitric oxide (NO) level expression in leukocytes. This is important because immune cells remain chemically dynamic even after they are removed from the circulation, and the impact of storage time must be known to optimally quantify the effect of a disease or condition on NO dynamics in circulating leukocytes. We measured NO levels using the fluorescent probe, diaminofluorescein (DAF-2DA), and flow cytometry in monocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer cells from healthy subjects immediately after blood draw (Time 0) and 30, 60, and 120 min following the blood draw. There was no significant difference among the 4 study time points in NO (DAF-2) levels, though there was wide intra-subject variability at all time points. Using LPS stimulation, we compared iNOS (the more traditional surrogate marker of NO dynamics) with NO (by DAF-2) in natural killer cells and monocytes and, we found no difference in the response patterns. In summary, we did find that within a 2-hour interval from blood draw to sample processing, there was a remarkably wide intra-subject variability in expression of intracellular NO (DAF-2) in leukocytes of healthy individuals at baseline and over time. The mechanism(s) for these differences are not known but could clearly confound efforts to detect changes in NO metabolism in white blood cells. We speculate that rapid pulsatility of NO could explain the wide variability seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Maharaj
- Miller Children's Hospital, Long Beach Memorial-University of California Irvine, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Kim D Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Frank Zaldivar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Fadia Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Szu-Yun Leu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Eliezer Nussbaum
- Miller Children's Hospital, Long Beach Memorial-University of California Irvine, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Inderpal Randhawa
- Miller Children's Hospital, Long Beach Memorial-University of California Irvine, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Dan M Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
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6
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Lewis SM, Treacher DF, Edgeworth J, Mahalingam G, Brown CS, Mare TA, Stacey M, Beale R, Brown KA. Expression of CD11c and EMR2 on neutrophils: potential diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis and systemic inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 182:184-94. [PMID: 26153037 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for cellular biomarkers to differentiate patients with sepsis from those with the non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In this double-blind study we determined whether the expression of known (CD11a/b/c, CD62L) and putative adhesion molecules [CD64, CD97 and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like molecule containing mucin-like hormone receptor (EMR2)] on blood neutrophils could serve as useful biomarkers of infection and of non-infectious SIRS in critically ill patients. We studied 103 patients with SIRS, 83 of whom had sepsis, and 50 healthy normal subjects, using flow cytometry to characterize neutrophils phenotypically in whole blood samples. Patients with SIRS had an increased prevalence of neutrophils expressing CD11c, CD64 and EMR2 in comparison with healthy subjects (P < 0.001), but normal expression of CD11a, CD11b, CD62L and CD97. An increase in the percentage of neutrophils bearing CD11c was associated with sepsis, EMR2 with SIRS and CD64 with sepsis and SIRS. Neutrophils expressing CD11c had the highest sensitivity (81%) and specificity (80%) for the detection of sepsis, and there was an association between the percentage of neutrophils expressing EMR2 and the extent of organ failure (P < 0.05). Contrary to other reports, we did not observe an abnormal expression of CD11b or CD62L on neutrophils from patients with SIRS, and suggest that this discrepancy is due to differences in cell processing protocols. We propose that blood neutrophils expressing CD11c and EMR2 be considered as potential biomarkers for sepsis and SIRS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lewis
- Intensive Care Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London.,Department of Vascular Immunology, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London
| | - D F Treacher
- Intensive Care Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - J Edgeworth
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, University of Leeds, London, UK
| | - G Mahalingam
- Department of Vascular Immunology, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London
| | - C S Brown
- Intensive Care Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - T A Mare
- Intensive Care Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London.,Department of Vascular Immunology, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London
| | - M Stacey
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, London, UK
| | - R Beale
- Intensive Care Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London.,Department of Vascular Immunology, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London
| | - K A Brown
- Intensive Care Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London.,Department of Vascular Immunology, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London
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Holtom E, Usherwood JR, Macey MG, Lawson C. Microparticle formation after co-culture of human whole blood and umbilical artery in a novel in vitro model of flow. Cytometry A 2011; 81:390-9. [PMID: 22213485 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the largest killer in western society, and the importance of interactions between vascular endothelium and circulating blood components in disease pathogenesis is well established. Microparticles are a heterogeneous population of <1 μm blood borne particles that arise from blebbing or shedding of cell membranes. The microparticle population includes several classes of apoptotic bodies; however, increased numbers of procoagulant microparticles have been described in plasma from people with CVD. We have previously demonstrated that interactions of monocytes and platelets with isolated inflamed endothelial cells lead to production of pro-coagulant tissue factor bearing microparticles under laminar flow conditions. Here we have investigated microparticle production after perfusion of human whole blood through intact inflamed human umbilical artery. When blood was perfused through umbilical arteries which had been pre-stimulated with tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) for 18 h under flow conditions, there was significantly increased production of microparticles from both platelet and non-platelet sources, in particular from erythrocytes. To determine whether microparticles generated during interactions with inflamed endothelium could induce a pro-inflammatory response in trans, we isolated microparticles by centrifugation after co-culture and incubated with isolated quiescent endothelial cells followed by measurement of reactive oxygen species formation. Microparticles derived from co-culture with inflamed endothelium induced significantly enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data suggest that presence of an inflamed endothelium causes release of pro-inflammatory microparticles from circulating blood cells, which could contribute to prolonged endothelial activation and subsequent atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels subjected to inflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Holtom
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Jenssen EK, Brosstad F, Pedersen T, Bjørnsen S, Jørgensen JJ, Sandbæk G. Thrombin generation and platelet activation related to subintimal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 72:23-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.616220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Macey M, Hagi-Pavli E, Stewart J, Wallace GR, Stanford M, Shirlaw P, Fortune F. Age, gender and disease-related platelet and neutrophil activation ex vivo in whole blood samples from patients with Behçet's disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1849-59. [PMID: 21719422 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Behçet's disease (BD) is more severe among young males and disease severity decreases with age. Therefore, the effect of disease activity, gender and age on platelet and neutrophil activation in whole blood taken from patients with BD was investigated. METHODS Using an anti-coagulant Tripotassium ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (K3EDTA) plus citrate-theophylline-adenosine-dipyridamole (CTAD) (K3EDTA/CTAD) that preserves the degree of platelet activation that exists in vivo, we assessed neutrophil and platelet activation, microparticles, and monocyte and neutrophil-platelet aggregate formation in 43 BD patients using flow cytometry. This is the first description of platelet activation and microparticles in BD patients using this methodology. RESULTS Inactive [2.78 (0.56)%, P = 0.0009; 3.11 (0.78)%, P < 0.0001] and active [2.28 (0.84)%, P < 0.0001; 3.071 (0.67)%, P = 0.0031] BD patients had significantly higher percentages of CD62P-expressing platelets and CD62P+ platelet microparticles as compared with healthy controls (HCs) [0.84 (0.1)% and 1.23 (0.14)%], respectively. The percentages of CD62P+ platelets and CD62P+ platelet microparticles in female and male BD patients were also significantly higher than those expressed by female and male HCs. The percentages of CD62P+ microparticles were significantly increased in the 20-30-(P = 0.0301) and 31-50-(P < 0.0162) year age ranges, but not in the >50-year age group of BD patients. CONCLUSION BD is a rare, chronic multi-systemic vasculitis and interaction of activated platelets with leucocytes has been linked to pathological disorders associated with vascular inflammation. Importantly, this study demonstrates that platelet microparticle activation is increased in BD. Also, this is the first report in which changes in platelet activation in BD are concordant with the observations that BD disease activity diminishes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Macey
- Department of Haematology, The Royal London Hospital,Whitechapel, UK
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10
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Macey MG, Enniks N, Bevan S. Flow cytometric analysis of microparticle phenotype and their role in thrombin generation. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2011; 80:57-63. [PMID: 20632415 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microparticles may be generated from a number of cell types and are known to play a role in haemostasis by a variety of mechanisms. We investigated the role of platelet, red cell, and leucocyte-derived microparticles in the measurement of thrombin generation. METHODS Four parameters of thrombin generation (the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), lag time, time to peak, peak height) and microparticle content was determined in 35 plasma samples from normal individuals pre and post filtration to remove microparticles. Immunofluorescent flow cytometry was used to identify and enumerate platelet, leucocyte, monocyte and red cell derived microparticles in plasma samples based on the expression of CD42b, CD45, CD15, and Glycophorin A respectively. Expression of phosphatidylserine and tissue factor by microparticles was determined by Annexin V and anti CD142 binding. The pre and post filtration results were compared. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in ETP and Peak Height, and an increase in the time to peak post filtration (P < 0.001). A significant decrease in the number of CD42+, CD45+, CD15+, CD142+, and Annexin V+ microparticles was also observed. The change in CD42b+ microparticles correlated highly with the change in Annexin V+ microparticles (r = 0.68). Whilst the change in ETP correlated best with the change in CD15+ microparticles (r = 0.45) and the change in time to peak correlated with the change in Annexin V binding (r = 0.52) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The presence of micropartcles in plasma significantly affects thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Macey
- Department of Haematology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts and the London NHS Trust, Pathology and Pharmacy Building, Whitechapel, London E1 2ES.
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11
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Brooks MB, Stokol T, Catalfamo JL. Comparative Hemostasis: Animal Models and New Hemostasis Tests. Clin Lab Med 2011; 31:139-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Macey MG, Wolf SI, Lawson C. Microparticle formation after exposure of blood to activated endothelium under flow. Cytometry A 2010; 77:761-8. [PMID: 20653016 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Increased numbers of circulating microparticles (MPs) are indicative of poor clinical outcome in a number of inflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis. Platelets and megakaryocytes are a major source of MP and are identified by presence of CD42b on the MP surface. MP shed from activated platelets can be identified by presence of P-selectin (CD62P). Tissue factor (TF) is the principal initiator of blood coagulation and its activity has been identified in MPs derived from patient plasma, which may contribute to thrombosis. Here, we have investigated by flow cytometry the expression of TF and CD62P on MP after exposure of diluted whole blood to TNF-activated endothelial cells (EC) both under static conditions and in our newly established model of flow. MPs were significantly increased in blood subjected to flow and this was further enhanced after exposure of blood to TNF-activated EC. MP surface expression of CD62P or TF was upregulated following exposure to TNF-activated EC under flow compared with flow with nonactivated EC or after static coculture with and without prior EC activation. These data strongly suggest that interactions of blood with inflamed EC can modulate production of CD62P and TF bearing MP under flow conditions, and thus may contribute to a prothrombotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion G Macey
- Department of Haematology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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ASANUMA M, SEINO K, MIZUNO T, NASU M, YAMAUCHI F, FUJISHIMA M. Plasma thrombopoietin level and platelet indices in hemodialysis patients receiving recombinant human erythropoietin. Int J Lab Hematol 2010; 32:312-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2009.01191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Macey MG, Bevan S, Alam S, Verghese L, Agrawal S, Beski S, Thuraisingham R, MacCallum PK. Platelet activation and endogenous thrombin potential in pre-eclampsia. Thromb Res 2009; 125:e76-81. [PMID: 19822350 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelets and the coagulation system may be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. We investigated whether platelet and coagulation activation markers, are elevated in pre-eclampsia. MATERIALS/METHODS Case-control study in which activated platelets, platelet-monocyte/ neutrophil aggregates, platelet microparticles (measured by flow cytometry) and four markers of thrombin generation capacity (endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), peak height, lag time and time to peak) using the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram system were assessed in pregnant women of similar gestational age with (n=46) and without (n=46) pre-eclampsia, and in healthy non-pregnant women (n=42). RESULTS The percentage of, CD62P+ platelets (p=0.013), CD62P+ platelet microparticles (p=0.029) and platelet-monocyte aggregates (p=0.019) were significantly higher in women with pre-eclampsia than the pregnant controls. Both groups of pregnant women had significantly higher ETP and peak height (p <0.001) than the healthy non pregnant group and the women with pre-eclampsia had significantly higher ETP and peak height (p<0.001) than the normotensive pregnant controls. CONCLUSION In the most comprehensive laboratory analysis to date, we found evidence of both platelet and coagulation activation in women with pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Macey
- Department of Haematology, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Increased Leukocyte-Platelet Interactions During Circulatory Support With Left Ventricular Assist Devices. ASAIO J 2009; 55:459-64. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e3181b235af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Macey MG, Wolf SI, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Lawson C. Expression of blood coagulation factors on monocytes after exposure to TNF-treated endothelium in a novel whole blood model of arterial flow. J Immunol Methods 2009; 350:133-41. [PMID: 19699743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activated blood monocytes are a major source of tissue factor (TF), the principal initiator of blood coagulation. TF can be shed from the monocyte surface in association with microparticles (MPs) and increased numbers of circulating MPs are indicative of poor clinical outcome in a number of inflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis. The mechanisms coupling inflammation with aberrant TF production/activity remain obscure but the protease-activated receptor (PAR) family has been implicated. We have previously shown (i) that freshly isolated human monocytes express low levels of cell surface PAR-2, (ii) that cell surface PAR-2 is rapidly upregulated from intracellular stores following mechanical stimulation, and (iii) that PAR-2 stimulation results in elevation of intracellular calcium and cytokine release. Here, we have investigated the expression of PAR-2 on monocytes exposed to TNF-activated endothelial cells both under static conditions and in our newly-established model of arterial flow, using diluted whole blood. Monocyte surface PAR-2 expression was upregulated following static exposure to activated EC and with laminar (atheroprotective) arterial flow there was a further increase in monocyte PAR-2 expression. We have also shown under arterial flow conditions that exposure to TNF-stimulated EC resulted in a significant increase in expression of TF on monocytes compared to that on cells exposed to quiescent EC. These data strongly suggest that direct or indirect interactions with inflamed EC can modulate expression of PAR-2 and TF on the monocyte cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion G Macey
- Department of Haematology, The Royal London Hospital, Pathology and Pharmacy Building, 80, Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom.
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Lei H, Gui L, Xiao R. The effect of anticoagulants on the quality and biological efficacy of platelet-rich plasma. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:1452-60. [PMID: 19560449 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of anticoagulants on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) quality to determine the appropriate anticoagulants for PRP production. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was carried out at the Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College. The microstructure of platelets collected with heparin, citrate, acid citrate dextrose (ACD) and citrate-theophylline-adenosine-dipyridamole (CTAD) was observed. The extent of spontaneous activation of platelets was detected by measuring sP-selectin in plasma. The amount of TGF-beta1 released from PRP and the effect of PRP on cell proliferation were also studied. RESULTS ACD and CTAD were superior to heparin and citrate in maintaining the integrity of platelet structures and preventing the platelet spontaneous activation. ACD-PRP and CTAD-PRP released more TGF-beta1 and significantly enhanced the proliferation of human marrow stromal cells compared to heparin-PRP and citrate-PRP. CONCLUSIONS The PRP quality was closely related to the type of anticoagulants. ACD and CTAD are appropriate anticoagulants for PRP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lei
- Department Six of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, China Academy of Medical Sciences, No.33 BaDaChu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
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A simple, novel, procedure for monitoring membrane scrambling and permeability in microparticles, platelets, and leukocytes in whole blood samples. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:909-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mawdsley JE, Jenkins DG, Macey MG, Langmead L, Rampton DS. The effect of hypnosis on systemic and rectal mucosal measures of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:1460-9. [PMID: 18510607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypnotherapy is effective in several diseases with a psychosomatic component. Our aim was to study the effects of one session of hypnosis on the systemic and rectal mucosal inflammatory responses in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS In total, 17 patients with active UC underwent a 50-min session of gut-focused hypnotherapy. Before and after each procedure, the systemic inflammatory response was assessed by serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-13 concentrations, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood, leukocyte count, natural killer (NK) cell number, platelet activation, and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation. Rectal inflammation was assessed by mucosal release of substance P (SP), histamine, IL-13 and TNF-alpha, reactive oxygen metabolite production, and mucosal blood flow. Eight patients with active UC underwent a control procedure. RESULTS Hypnosis decreased pulse by a median 7 beats per minute (bpm) (P= 0.0008); it also reduced the median serum IL-6 concentration by 53% (P= 0.001), but had no effect on the other systemic variables assessed. Hypnosis reduced rectal mucosal release of SP by a median 81% (P= 0.001), histamine by 35% (P= 0.002) and IL-13 by 53% (P= 0.003), and also, blood flow by 18% (P= 0.0004). The control protocol had no effect on any of the variables assessed. CONCLUSIONS Hypnosis reduced several components of the systemic and mucosal inflammatory response in active ulcerative colitis toward levels found previously in the inactive disease. Some of these effects may contribute to the anecdotally reported benefits of hypnotherapy and provide a rationale for controlled trials of hypnotherapy in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Mawdsley
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Platelet-leucocyte aggregates form in the mesenteric vasculature in patients with ulcerative colitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 20:283-9. [PMID: 18334871 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3282f246c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation and thrombosis are closely related processes, which may play a role in the pathogenesis, as well as complications, of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Platelet activation and platelet-leucocyte aggregation are increased and platelet aggregation is known to occur in the mesenteric vasculature in IBD. The aims of this study were to test the hypotheses that platelet-leucocyte aggregation, platelet activation and neutrophil activation occur in the mesenteric vessels of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Platelet-leucocyte aggregates (PLAs), platelet activation (P-selectin expression) and neutrophil activation (L-selectin expression, which decreases on neutrophil activation) were assessed flow cytometrically in mesenteric arterial, and venous blood sampled in eight patients with UC and eight controls with colonic carcinoma undergoing intestinal resections. RESULTS In the patients with UC, the number of PLAs in the mesenteric vein exceeded that in the artery, the median rise being 38% (P=0.02). In UC, arterial PLA numbers were 0.17 (0.02-0.32) (median, range) x 10(9)/l versus venous 0.26 (0.09-1.6) x 10(9)/l (P=0.02). The median percentage increase was 45%. Mesenteric PLA formation did not occur in patients with colonic carcinoma [arterial 0.06 (0.03-0.49) x 10(9)/l vs. venous 0.05 (0.02-0.35) x 10(9)/l; P=0.55]. The median percentage change was +45% for UC patients and -5% for controls. No arteriovenous gradient was observed in P-selectin expression, but L-selectin expression (arbitrary units), increased in the mesenteric vasculature of the UC patients [arterial 839 (503-995), venous 879 (477-1035); P=0.03] and fell in those with colonic carcinoma [arterial 900 (660-959), venous 850 (546-957); P=0.04]. The median percentage change was +4% for UC and -7% for controls. CONCLUSION The finding of increased numbers of PLAs in the venous mesenteric circulation supports the hypothesis that activated vascular endothelium stimulates PLA formation in UC.
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Segura D, Monreal L, Armengou L, Tarancón I, Brugués R, Escolar G. Mean Platelet Component as an Indicator of Platelet Activation in Foals and Adult Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Orr Y, Taylor JM, Cartland S, Bannon PG, Geczy C, Kritharides L. Conformational activation of CD11b without shedding of L-selectin on circulating human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:1115-25. [PMID: 17675559 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0906545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-activated complex 1 (Mac-1; CD11b/CD18) is a beta(2) integrin implicated in the pathophysiology of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury whose functional capacity is determined by stimulus-induced conformational activation rather than up-regulation. Mac-1 up-regulation and conformational activation, together with shedding of L-selectin, are reported after in vitro neutrophil activation. However, their regulation on circulating human neutrophils during acute inflammation is unclear. Using flow cytometry, we investigated neutrophil expression of Mac-1, its activation-reporter neo-epitope CBRM1/5, and L-selectin during the inflammatory stimulus of cardiac surgery. A subpopulation of circulating neutrophils expressed CBRM1/5 (CBRM1/5+) under basal conditions (6.28+/-2.59%) and was persistently expanded (9.95+/-4.0%-15.2+/-4.2%; P<0.0001) peri-operatively, whereas total CD11b expression increased only transiently, intra-operatively. L-selectin expression was unchanged on CBRM1/5+ neutrophils, and soluble L-selectin levels decreased intra-operatively (P<0.01), indicating that L-selectin was not shed. Increased CBRM1/5 expression without L-selectin loss or CD11b up-regulation was replicated in vitro by neutrophil stimulation with IL-8, C3a, and platelet-activating factor. Heparin, a known CD11b ligand, which is administered during cardiac surgery, markedly reduced neutrophil expression of conformationally active CD11b in vivo and in vitro, identifying a potential mechanism for its anti-inflammatory properties. We conclude that conformational activation of CD11b occurs on circulating neutrophils in vivo and can occur in the absence of CD11b up-regulation and L-selectin shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Orr
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor Wallace Wurth Building, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Boos CJ, Balakrishnan B, Lip GYH. The effects of coronary artery disease severity on time-dependent changes in platelet activation indices in stored whole blood. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2007; 25:135-40. [PMID: 17574521 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-007-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the thrombotic complications in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abnormal platelet activation indices are evolving as potentially useful markers in CVD risk stratification. Whilst there has been some investigation into the effects of storage time on several of these indices, the effects of underlying disease severity on these temporal changes have not been previously studied. METHODS Using the ADVIA 120 haematology analyser, we assessed the effects of time-dependent storage of whole blood in EDTA, on a number of platelet activation indices: mean platelet volume (MPV), mean platelet component (MPC, measure of platelet density) and platelet component distribution width (PCDW, a marker of platelet shape change. We studied three age- and sex-matched patient groups: (i) healthy controls (n = 10), (ii) stable patients with coronary artery disease (CAD, n = 9); and (iii) patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 8). Whole blood samples were processed at exactly 5 min following venesection and at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min later in storage in EDTA tubes at room temperature. RESULTS There was a significant and stepwise increase in MPV (P = 0.01) and decrease in PCDW (P = 0.03), with a non-significant trend to increasing MPM and decreasing MPC with increasing underlying disease (that is healthy, 'stable' and 'acute' artery disease). There was a significant time-dependent increase in MPV and decrease in MPC and PCDW (all P < 0.05), which were all significant on 'post-hoc' analyses by 30 min. There were no significant changes in platelet count or MPM with time. There was no interaction of underlying disease with whole-blood storage time for any of the platelet indices reported (P = NS). CONCLUSION There is a temporal increase in MPV and decrease in MPC and PCDW in venous blood stored over 2 h in EDTA. These changes are not influenced by the underlying CVD disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Boos
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
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Orr Y, Wilson DP, Taylor JM, Bannon PG, Geczy C, Davenport MP, Kritharides L. A kinetic model of bone marrow neutrophil production that characterizes late phenotypic maturation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 292:R1707-16. [PMID: 17185405 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00627.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammatory stimuli rapidly mobilize neutrophils from the bone marrow by shortening postmitotic maturation time and releasing younger neutrophils; however, the kinetics of this change in maturation time remains unknown. We propose a kinetic model that examines the rate of change in neutrophil average age at exit from the bone marrow during active mobilization to quantify this response and use this model to examine the temporal profile of late neutrophil phenotypic maturation. Total and CD10(-)/CD16(low) circulating neutrophils were quantified in cardiac surgery patients during extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Net growth in the circulating neutrophil pool occurred during the procedural (0.04 +/- 0.02 x 10(9) x l(-1) x min(-1)), warming (0.14 +/- 0.02 x 10(9) x l(-1) x min(-1)), and weaning (0.12 +/- 0.06 x 10(9) x l(-1) x min(-1)) phases of ECC. When applied to our differential equation mathematical model, these results predict that neutrophil average age at exit from the bone marrow decreased continually during ECC, resulting in average neutrophil release 8.44 +/- 2.20 h earlier during the weaning phase than at the beginning of ECC sampling. Modeling of concurrent changes in CD10(-)/CD16(low) neutrophil numbers indicates that CD10 expression is directly related to neutrophil mean age and predicts that the proportion of mobilizable postmitotic neutrophils that are CD10(+) increases from 64 to 81% during these sampled 8.4 h of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishay Orr
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, and Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Dulic-Sills A, Blunden MJ, Mawdsley J, Bastin AJ, McAuley D, Griffiths M, Rampton DS, Yaqoob MM, Macey MG, Agrawal SG. New flow cytometric technique for the evaluation of circulating endothelial progenitor cell levels in various disease groups. J Immunol Methods 2006; 316:107-15. [PMID: 17027849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) localise to sites of ischaemia and play a role in vascular repair and re-endothelialisation of injured blood vessels. Low levels of EPCs are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. It is not clear at present whether and how the numbers of circulating EPCs vary in diseases other than CVD. We have enumerated EPCs by the flow cytometric analysis of whole blood by using a novel cocktail of monoclonal antibodies. This consisted of CD2FITC, CD13FITC and CD22FITC to eliminate non-progenitor cells and VEGFR2PE and CD133-streptavidin-PeCy7 to include only EPCs. We analysed 250 patients with varying stages of uraemia, 36 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 9 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and compared this to 74 healthy controls. Using flow cytometry we were able to measure the circulating levels of EPCs, with a result available within hours of the sample being obtained. Circulating EPC numbers vary in different patient groups and healthy controls. In uraemic patients, irrespective of disease severity, there are lower numbers of circulating EPC numbers compared to normal controls (46.6+/-3.7 vs. 66.1+/-4.7; p=0.03). This new technique provides a means of monitoring patients and shows a reduction in circulating EPCs in uraemic patients; this abnormality may be a target of novel therapies.
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Mawdsley JE, Macey MG, Feakins RM, Langmead L, Rampton DS. The effect of acute psychologic stress on systemic and rectal mucosal measures of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:410-9. [PMID: 16890594 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent studies suggest that life events and chronic stress increase the risk of relapse in inflammatory bowel disease. Our aim was to study the effects of acute psychologic stress on systemic and rectal mucosal inflammatory responses in patients with inactive ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Twenty-five patients with inactive UC and 11 healthy volunteers (HV) underwent an experimental stress test. Ten patients with UC and 11 HV underwent a control procedure. Before and after each procedure, systemic inflammatory response was assessed by serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-13 concentrations, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-6 production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood, leukocyte count, natural killer (NK) cell numbers, platelet activation, and platelet-leukocyte aggregate (PLA) formation. In patients with UC, rectal mucosal inflammation was assessed by TNF-alpha, IL-13, histamine and substance P release, reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) production, mucosal blood flow (RMBF) and histology. RESULTS Stress increased pulse (P < .0001) and systolic BP (P < .0001). In UC, stress increased LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-6 production by 54% (P = .004) and 11% (P = .04), respectively, leukocyte count by 16% (P = .01), NK cell count by 18% (P = .0008), platelet activation by 65% (P < .0001), PLA formation by 25% (P = .004), mucosal TNF-alpha release by 102% (P = .03), and ROM production by 475% (P = .001) and reduced rectal mucosal blood flow by 22% (P = .05). The control protocol did not change any of the variables measured. There were no differences between the responses of the patients with UC and HV. CONCLUSIONS Acute psychologic stress induces systemic and mucosal proinflammatory responses, which could contribute to exacerbations of UC in ordinary life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Mawdsley
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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McCarthy DA, Macey MG, Streetly M, Schey SA, Brown KA. The neutropenia induced by the thalidomide analogue CC-4047 in patients with multiple myeloma is associated with an increased percentage of neutrophils bearing CD64. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1194-203. [PMID: 16714224 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A major limitation to the treatment of multiple myeloma by the thalidomide analogue CC-4047 (Actimid) is the development of a severe neutropenia. We investigated the hypothesis that this effect may have been due to CC-4047 enhancing the removal of neutrophils from the circulation by altering the expression of surface adhesion molecules required for endothelial binding, by binding to platelets, or by enhancing apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis was used to examine the expression of neutrophil surface molecules, platelet binding and apoptosis in whole blood samples from 19 patients with multiple myeloma who were assigned to receive either 1, 2, 5 or 10 mg of CC-4047 every other day (e.o.d.) for 28 days. CC-4047 induced dose-related decreases in neutrophil numbers and increases in the percentage of CD64-positive neutrophils, but had little, or no effect on the expression of CD11b, CD62L or CD162, neutrophil-platelet binding, or apoptosis. Relative decreases in the neutrophil count were inversely associated with relative increases in the intensity of CD64 expression on neutrophils (r=- 0.307; p=0.028). Although seven patients developed severe neutropenia, none suffered severe or recurrent bacterial infections. The percentage of CD64-positive neutrophils was still increased in eight patients who continued receiving 1-5 mg CC-4047 e.o.d. for several months afterwards, but neutrophil counts were similar to pre-treatment values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond A McCarthy
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary (University of London), London E1 4NS, United Kingdom, UK.
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McFarland DC, Zhang C, Thomas HC, T L R. Confounding effects of platelets on flow cytometric analysis and cell-sorting experiments using blood-derived cells. Cytometry A 2006; 69:86-94. [PMID: 16419063 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow cytometric analysis and cell-sorting of peripheral blood leukocytes is commonplace; however, platelet contamination is typically ignored during immunophenotypic analysis and sorting of blood-derived cells. METHODS Red blood cells, platelets, T & B lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes were sorted from rat blood preparations. Presort enrichment was performed by differential centrifugation for all cell types. Additionally, leukocyte samples were prepared by ammonium chloride lysis of red blood cells. RESULTS Unless proper precautions were taken, significant numbers of platelets were sorted along with (nonplatelet) cells of interest. The amount of platelet contamination varied greatly from experiment to experiment with the highest level of leukocyte-platelet association observed in the neutrophil/granulocyte population in samples prepared using ammonium chloride-based red blood cell-lysing solution. CONCLUSIONS Addition of an immunophenotypic marker for platelet identification is a simple, yet prudent, measure to help evaluate the impact of platelets on immunophenotypic staining when performing flow cytometric analysis or sorting of blood-derived cells and should become a routine practice. Platelet presence in postsort fractions can be due to free platelets as well as target cell-associated platelets and both sources of contamination must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C McFarland
- Department of Safety Assessment/Cellular Pathology, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Orr Y, Taylor JM, Bannon PG, Geczy C, Kritharides L. Circulating CD10-/CD16low neutrophils provide a quantitative index of active bone marrow neutrophil release. Br J Haematol 2006; 131:508-19. [PMID: 16281943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating neutrophil phenotype and function are altered during neutrophilia associated with acute inflammatory states, however, the contribution of bone marrow neutrophil release to these changes has been difficult to quantify in humans. Accelerated release of neutrophils, with potentially distinct attributes, from the bone marrow and their dilution within the circulating pool may produce these apparent changes. Unfortunately selective analysis of these newly emergent neutrophils is difficult given their morphologic similarity to those already in the circulation and the coincident effect of soluble inflammatory mediators on circulating neutrophil phenotype and function. Using whole blood flow cytometry and cardiac surgery as an inflammatory stimulus, we demonstrate the emergence of a unique subpopulation of circulating neutrophils characterised as CD10(-)/CD16(low), indicative of active bone marrow neutrophil release peri-operatively. CD10(-)/CD16(low) neutrophils emerge at the same operative stages as band forms and a left shift, yet represent over 40% of circulating neutrophils postoperatively, and generate a greater stimulus-induced [Ca(2+)](i) flux than their CD10(+) counterparts. We conclude that CD10(-)/CD16(low) neutrophils represent a significant proportion of the circulating pool after cardiac surgery and that bone marrow release, a major contributor to neutrophilia, influences the phenotype and functional activity of circulating neutrophils following this acute inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Orr
- Centre for Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Kensington, Australia
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Van Cott EM, Fletcher SR, Kratz A. Effects of the blood-collection tube material and long-term storage on platelet activation parameters on the ADVIA 120/2120 hematology system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:71-5. [PMID: 15790555 DOI: 10.1532/lh96.04070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ADVIA 120/2120 Hematology System provides a number of novel parameters of platelet activation. Although the effects of anticoagulant in the blood-collection tube, short-term storage, and ambient temperature on these parameters have been documented in the literature, the effects of long-term storage and the material of the blood-draw tube have not been investigated. We therefore compared platelet activation parameter values obtained with the ADVIA 120 for 50 paired blood samples collected into BD Medical Systems' Vacutainer K(3)EDTA glass tubes and Vacutainer K(2)EDTA Plus plastic tubes and analyzed within 4 hours and after 24 hours following venipuncture. We found a statistically significant but clinically irrelevant decrease (less than 1%) in mean platelet component (MPC) concentration in plastic compared with glass for blood samples analyzed within 4 hours of draw. Reanalysis of the samples after 24 hours showed a clinically and statistically significant increase in mean platelet volume and significant decreases in MPC, platelet component distribution width, and mean platelet mass. These storage-induced changes were of equal magnitude for both tube types. We conclude that the use of plastic versus glass blood-draw tubes should have no clinically significant effect on the parameters of platelet activation on the ADVIA 120/2120 system and that the changes in platelet activation parameters continue to be present at 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Van Cott
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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31
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Irving PM, Macey MG, Shah U, Webb L, Langmead L, Rampton DS. Formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004; 10:361-72. [PMID: 15475744 DOI: 10.1097/00054725-200407000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) is increased in several inflammatory and thrombotic conditions. This may result from and enhance platelet and neutrophil activation and could contribute to the inflammatory process in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated platelet-leukocyte aggregation in patients with IBD and its relation to treatment, disease activity and platelet and neutrophil activation. METHODS PLAs, platelet activation (P-selectin expression) and neutrophil activation (L-selectin expression) were assessed 30 and 180 minutes after drawing blood into EDTA/citrate-theophylline-adenosine and dipyridamole, a novel anticoagulant, using fluorescent antibodies to CD45 (for leukocytes), CD42a (for platelets), CD62P (P-selectin) and CD62L (L-selectin) and flow cytometry. Platelet activation was also measured using the ADVIA 120 hematology analyser. RESULTS Samples from 67 patients with IBD measured within 30 minutes had a higher platelet count (P < 0.001), more platelets expressing P-selectin (P = 0.01), and more PLAs (P < 0.01) than from 20 healthy controls and more PLAs (P < 0.05) than from 9 controls with inflammatory arthropathies. IBD patients on thiopurines had fewer PLAs than those not taking them (P < 0.05); corticosteroids and aminosalicylates had no such effects. Incubation for 180 minutes increased the number of platelets expressing P-selectin (P < 0.0001), and the number of PLAs (P < 0.0001). The PLAs correlated with the number of platelets expressing P-selectin before (r=+0.40, P < 0.001) and after (r=+0.66, P < 0.0001) incubation. CONCLUSIONS The number of PLAs is higher in patients with IBD than in healthy and inflammatory controls, but their numbers are lowered by thiopurines. Increased PLA formation may in part be due to increased platelet activation and could be pathogenic in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Irving
- Research Center for Gastroenterology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Barts, and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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