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González-González M, Gutiérrez ML, Sayagués JM, Muñoz-Bellvís L, Orfao A. Genomic profiling of sporadic liver metastatic colorectal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:98-108. [PMID: 32485312 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer (sCRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the Western world. Approximately, a quarter of sCRC patients present metastatic dissemination at the moment of diagnosis, the liver being the most frequently affected organ. Additionally, this group of CRC patients is characterized by a worse prognosis. In the last decades, significant technological developments for genome analysis have fostered the identification and characterization of genetic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of sCRC. However, genetic alterations involved in the metastatic process through which tumor cells are able to colonize other tissues with a different microenvironment, still remain to be fully identified. Here, we review current knowledge about the most relevant genomic alterations involved in the liver metastatic process of sCRC, including detailed information about the genetic profile of primary colorectal tumors vs. their paired liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María González-González
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, Spain
| | - María Laura Gutiérrez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, Spain
| | - José María Sayagués
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Pathology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Muñoz-Bellvís
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, Spain; Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, Spain.
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Siraj AK, Pratheeshkumar P, Divya SP, Parvathareddy SK, Bu R, Masoodi T, Kong Y, Thangavel S, Al-Sanea N, Ashari LH, Abduljabbar A, Al-Homoud S, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. TGFβ-induced SMAD4-dependent Apoptosis Proceeded by EMT in CRC. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1312-1322. [PMID: 31053577 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, colorectal cancer is more aggressive and presents at younger age, warranting new treatment strategies. Role of TGFβ/Smad4 signaling pathway in initiation and progression of colorectal cancer is well documented. This study examined the role of TGFβ/Smad4 signaling pathway in a large cohort of Saudi patients with colorectal cancer, followed by in vitro analysis to dissect the dual role of TGFβ on inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. Our study demonstrated high frequency of Smad4 alterations with low expression of Smad4 protein identifying a subgroup of aggressive colorectal cancer to be an independent marker for poor prognosis. Functional studies using colorectal cancer cells show that TGFβ induces Smad4-dependent EMT followed by apoptosis. Induction of mesenchymal transcriptional factors, Snail1 and Zeb1, was essential for TGFβ-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that KLF5 acts as an oncogene in colorectal cancer cells regardless of Smad4 expression and inhibition of KLF5 is requisite for TGFβ-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TGFβ/Smad4 signal inhibits the transcription of KLF5 that in turn switches Sox4 from tumor promoter to suppressor. A high incidence of Smad4 alterations were found in the Saudi patients with colorectal cancer. Functional study results indicate that TGFβ induces Smad4-dependent EMT followed by apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Kong
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Thangavel
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Al-Sanea
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luai H Ashari
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Samar Al-Homoud
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Rosolen DCB, Faria DK, Faria CS, Antonangelo L. Performance of the UroVysion ® FISH assay for the diagnosis of malignant effusions using two cutoff strategies. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1967-1977. [PMID: 29577646 PMCID: PMC5943432 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytological examination of cavity fluids has limited sensitivity in the diagnosis of malignancy. Aneuploidy, which is commonly observed in neoplastic cells, could potentially be used as an ancillary diagnostic tool. To evaluate the detection of aneuploid cells in cavitary effusion samples using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay UroVysion® with some adaptations and two different cutoff strategies. Seventy samples of pleural or peritoneal fluid with positive (n = 40), negative (n = 15), or suspicious (n = 15) oncotic cytology were subjected to FISH assay with the multitarget UroVysion® kit, which is composed of probes that hybridize to the centromeric region of chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and to the locus 9p21. FISH performance was evaluated using two different cutoffs: (1) the manufacturer's cutoff (M‐FISH) and 2) a proposed cutoff (P‐FISH). Using M‐FISH, the diagnostic sensitivity was 57.1%, specificity 87.5%, and accuracy 60.0%; with P‐FISH, the sensitivity was 87.3%, specificity 71.4%, and accuracy 85.7%. When combined with cytology, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 88.0%, 83.3%, and 87.8%, respectively. Malignant cells presented a predominance of chromosomal gains. The UroVysion® test using the P‐FISH cutoff was effective in demonstrating aneuploid cells in all malignant effusions, confirming the diagnosis of malignancy even in cases with suspicious cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora C B Rosolen
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel K Faria
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline S Faria
- Faculdade de Medicina, Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM03), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Antonangelo
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM03), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Aldrup-MacDonald ME, Kuo ME, Sullivan LL, Chew K, Sullivan BA. Genomic variation within alpha satellite DNA influences centromere location on human chromosomes with metastable epialleles. Genome Res 2016; 26:1301-1311. [PMID: 27510565 PMCID: PMC5052062 DOI: 10.1101/gr.206706.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alpha satellite is a tandemly organized type of repetitive DNA that comprises 5% of the genome and is found at all human centromeres. A defined number of 171-bp monomers are organized into chromosome-specific higher-order repeats (HORs) that are reiterated thousands of times. At least half of all human chromosomes have two or more distinct HOR alpha satellite arrays within their centromere regions. We previously showed that the two alpha satellite arrays of Homo sapiens Chromosome 17 (HSA17), D17Z1 and D17Z1-B, behave as centromeric epialleles, that is, the centromere, defined by chromatin containing the centromeric histone variant CENPA and recruitment of other centromere proteins, can form at either D17Z1 or D17Z1-B. Some individuals in the human population are functional heterozygotes in that D17Z1 is the active centromere on one homolog and D17Z1-B is active on the other. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular basis for how centromere location is determined on HSA17. Specifically, we focused on D17Z1 genomic variation as a driver of epiallele formation. We found that D17Z1 arrays that are predominantly composed of HOR size and sequence variants were functionally less competent. They either recruited decreased amounts of the centromere-specific histone variant CENPA and the HSA17 was mitotically unstable, or alternatively, the centromere was assembled at D17Z1-B and the HSA17 was stable. Our study demonstrates that genomic variation within highly repetitive, noncoding DNA of human centromere regions has a pronounced impact on genome stability and basic chromosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Aldrup-MacDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Molly E Kuo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Lori L Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Kimberline Chew
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Beth A Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Prognostic Impact of del(17p) and del(22q) as assessed by interphase FISH in sporadic colorectal carcinomas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42683. [PMID: 22912721 PMCID: PMC3422354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most sporadic colorectal cancer (sCRC) deaths are caused by metastatic dissemination of the primary tumor. New advances in genetic profiling of sCRC suggest that the primary tumor may contain a cell population with metastatic potential. Here we compare the cytogenetic profile of primary tumors from liver metastatic versus non-metastatic sCRC. Methodology/Principal Findings We prospectively analyzed the frequency of numerical/structural abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, and 22 by iFISH in 58 sCRC patients: thirty-one non-metastatic (54%) vs. 27 metastatic (46%) disease. From a total of 18 probes, significant differences emerged only for the 17p11.2 and 22q11.2 chromosomal regions. Patients with liver metastatic sCRC showed an increased frequency of del(17p11.2) (10% vs. 67%;p<.001) and del(22q11.2) (0% vs. 22%;p = .02) versusnon-metastatic cases. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) showed that the only clinical and cytogenetic parameters that had an independent adverse impact on patient outcome were the presence of del(17p) with a 17p11.2 breakpoint and del(22q11.2). Based on these two cytogenetic variables, patients were classified into three groups: low- (no adverse features), intermediate- (one adverse feature) and high-risk (two adverse features)- with significantly different OS rates at 5-years (p<.001): 92%, 53% and 0%, respectively. Conclusions/Significance Our results unravel the potential implication of del(17p11.2) in sCRC patients with liver metastasis as this cytogenetic alteration appears to be intrinsically related to an increased metastatic potential and a poor outcome, providing additional prognostic information to that associated with other cytogenetic alterations such as del(22q11.2). Additional prospective studies in larger series of patients would be required to confirm the clinical utility of the new prognostic markers identified.
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Sayagués JM, Fontanillo C, Abad MDM, González-González M, Sarasquete ME, Chillon MDC, Garcia E, Bengoechea O, Fonseca E, Gonzalez-Diaz M, De Las Rivas J, Muñoz-Bellvis L, Orfao A. Mapping of genetic abnormalities of primary tumours from metastatic CRC by high-resolution SNP arrays. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13752. [PMID: 21060790 PMCID: PMC2966422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For years, the genetics of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) have been studied using a variety of techniques. However, most of the approaches employed so far have a relatively limited resolution which hampers detailed characterization of the common recurrent chromosomal breakpoints as well as the identification of small regions carrying genetic changes and the genes involved in them. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we applied 500K SNP arrays to map the most common chromosomal lesions present at diagnosis in a series of 23 primary tumours from sporadic CRC patients who had developed liver metastasis. Overall our results confirm that the genetic profile of metastatic CRC is defined by imbalanced gains of chromosomes 7, 8q, 11q, 13q, 20q and X together with losses of the 1p, 8p, 17p and 18q chromosome regions. In addition, SNP-array studies allowed the identification of small (<1.3 Mb) and extensive/large (>1.5 Mb) altered DNA sequences, many of which contain cancer genes known to be involved in CRC and the metastatic process. Detailed characterization of the breakpoint regions for the altered chromosomes showed four recurrent breakpoints at chromosomes 1p12, 8p12, 17p11.2 and 20p12.1; interestingly, the most frequently observed recurrent chromosomal breakpoint was localized at 17p11.2 and systematically targeted the FAM27L gene, whose role in CRC deserves further investigations. Conclusions/Significance In summary, in the present study we provide a detailed map of the genetic abnormalities of primary tumours from metastatic CRC patients, which confirm and extend on previous observations as regards the identification of genes potentially involved in development of CRC and the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Sayagués
- Servicio General de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina and Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Celia Fontanillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioinformática y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María del Mar Abad
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María González-González
- Servicio General de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina and Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Sarasquete
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria del Carmen Chillon
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia
- Unidad de Genómica y Proteómica, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Bengoechea
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio Fonseca
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcos Gonzalez-Diaz
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioinformática y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luís Muñoz-Bellvis
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática, Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Servicio General de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina and Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Sayagués JM, Abad MDM, Melchor HB, Gutiérrez ML, González-González M, Jensen E, Bengoechea O, Fonseca E, Orfao A, Muñoz-Bellvis L. Intratumoural cytogenetic heterogeneity of sporadic colorectal carcinomas suggests several pathways to liver metastasis. J Pathol 2010; 221:308-19. [PMID: 20527024 DOI: 10.1002/path.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Much has been learned about the chromosomal abnormalities of colorectal carcinomas but the cytogenetic relationship between the neoplastic clones present in primary versus metastatic tumour samples remains unclear. We analyse the frequency of abnormalities for 47 chromosome regions using the interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization technique in a group of 48 tumours, including 24 primary colorectal tumours and 24 paired liver metastases. All tumours showed complex karyotypes with numerical/structural abnormalities for seven or more different chromosomes/chromosome regions both in the primary tumours and in their paired metastases. Chromosome 8 was the most frequently altered (22/24 primary tumours), consistently showing del(8p22) and/or gains/amplification of 8q24, followed by abnormalities of the entire chromosome 7 (21/24 primary tumours) and of chromosomes 17p and 20q (20/24 primary tumours). Simultaneous staining for multiple chromosome probes revealed the presence of two or more tumour cell clones in 23/24 cases (46/48 tumour samples). Interestingly, the liver metastases typically contained tumour cell clones similar to those found in the primary tumours, suggesting the absence of selective selection of specific tumour clones. Despite this, additional chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 23/24 metastatic tumours, which preferentially consisted of del(17p13) and gains/amplification of 11q13 and 20q13; moreover, compared to primary tumours, metastases showed an increased number of abnormalities of chromosomes 1p, 7q, 8q, 13q, and 18q, and new chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosomes 6, 10q23, 14q32, 15q22, and 19q13. Owing to the high frequency of numerical abnormalities of the entire chromosome 7 and loss and/or gain/amplification of specific regions of chromosome 8, eg del(8p22) and/or gains/amplification of 8q24 in primary colorectal tumours with associated metastases, it is suggested that their assessment at diagnosis could be of great clinical utility for the identification of colorectal cancer patients at higher risk of developing liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Sayagués
- Servicio General de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina and Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Wong SCC, Chan CML, Ma BBY, Hui EP, Ng SSM, Lai PBS, Cheung MT, Lo ESF, Chan AKC, Lam MYY, Au TCC, Chan ATC. Clinical significance of cytokeratin 20-positive circulating tumor cells detected by a refined immunomagnetic enrichment assay in colorectal cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:1005-12. [PMID: 19188172 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current immunomagnetic enrichment method can only detect general epithelial antigens of circulating tumor cells (CTC). Further characterization of the CTCs to provide specific information on the tumor type is not possible. We attempted to overcome this drawback by developing the methodology for using a gastrointestinal-specific anti-cytokeratin (CK) 20 antibody to detect CTCs in colorectal cancer patients' blood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The protocol was validated using a colorectal cancer SW480 cell line. The clinical significance of findings in colorectal cancer was investigated by detecting CK20-positive CTCs (pCTC) in patients with colorectal cancer, other common cancers, colorectal adenoma, benign colorectal diseases, and normal subjects. Moreover, the malignant nature of CK20 pCTCs was examined by comparing chromosome 17 aberration patterns with those from the corresponding primary tumors. RESULTS The assay successfully showed CK20-positive SW480 cells. When applied in patient samples, the detection rates were 62% (132 colorectal cancer patients; median number = 11 CTCs), 0% (120 patients with other common cancers), 6% (50 colorectal adenoma patients), 0% (120 patients with benign colorectal diseases), and 0% (40 normal subjects). Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that CK20 pCTC numbers were associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and lymph node status. Using the median CK20 pCTC numbers as the cutoff points, stratified groups of colorectal cancer patients had significant differences in their recurrence, metastasis, and survival. Finally, chromosome 17 aneusomy in 90% of colorectal cancer patients with CK20 pCTCs matched with those from the primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Detection of CK20 pCTCs using the new protocol could generate clinically important information for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, People's Republic of China.
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Risio M, Casorzo L, Chiecchio L, De Rosa G, Rossini FP. Deletions of 17p are associated with transition from early to advanced colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 147:44-9. [PMID: 14580770 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several chromosome defects parallel morphologic evolution in colorectal tumor progression. Allelic losses in the short arm of chromosome 17, the majority encompassing the 17p13.3 band, have been found in advanced cancer in the absence of TP53 mutations, suggesting that loss of genes in this chromosome region is relevant for tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate 17p13.3 deletions throughout the colorectal tumor progression using two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. Histologic sections from 20 colorectal adenomas containing early invasive carcinoma were analyzed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization using a centromeric probe for chromosome 17 simultaneously with a subtelomeric probe mapping to the 17p13.3 band. Separate evaluation was made for sectors corresponding to adenoma tissue with low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and early cancer. The same technique was also used in 20 cases of advanced adenocarcinoma of the large bowel. Loss of one centromeric signal was observed in 20, 40, 50, and 10% of low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, early cancer, and advanced cancer, respectively (P<0.02 early vs. advanced cancer). Subtelomeric 17p deletions were seen in 60% of advanced cancer and in 15% of early cancer (P<0.01). These findings indicate that loss of genes from the 17p13.3 chromosome region may play an important role in sustaining the transition from early to advanced cancer in colorectal tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Risio
- Unit of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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