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Rodríguez-Vázquez V, López-Freire S, Méndez-Brea P, González-Fernández MT, Hernández-Pérez C, Vidal C. [Basophil activation test to follow-up of patients treated with hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: a review of current evidence]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2023; 69:125-137. [PMID: 36869012 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v69i3.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (HVI) is a long-term effective treatment to avoid new systemic reactions in patients with Hymenoptera allergy. The sting challenge test is considered the gold standard to confirm the tolerance. However, the use of this technique is not generalized in clinical practice, being the basophil activation test (BAT), which functionally explores allergen response, an alternative that does not entail any of the provocation risks associated with the sting challenge test. This study reviews the publications that used the BAT to follow up and evaluate the success of the HVI. Studies assessing the changes between a baseline BAT before the start and BATs performed between the starting and maintenance phases of the HVI were selected. Ten articles were found, comprising information from 167 patients, of which 29% used the sting challenge test. The studies concluded the importance of evaluating the responses with submaximal allergen concentrations, which reflect basophil sensitivity, to monitor the HVI using the BAT. It was also observed that changes in the maximum response (reactivity) could not reflect the clinical status of tolerance, particularly in the initial phases of HVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Rodríguez-Vázquez
- Servicio de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, España.
| | - Sara López-Freire
- Servicio de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - Paula Méndez-Brea
- Servicio de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, España
| | | | | | - Carmen Vidal
- Servicio de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, España.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, España
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Sultonov D, Kim YH, Park H, Kim KS. Intermittent Hypoxia on the Attenuation of Induced Nasal Allergy and Allergic Asthma by MAPK Signaling Pathway Downregulation in a Mice Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169235. [PMID: 36012500 PMCID: PMC9408847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) has been an issue of considerable research in recent years and triggers a bewildering array of both detrimental and beneficial effects in several physiological systems. However, the mechanisms leading to the effect are not yet clear. Consequently, we investigated the effects of IH on allergen-induced allergic asthma via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Forty BALB/c mice were dived into four groups. We evaluated the influence of IH on the cell signaling system of the airway during the allergen-induced challenge in an animal model, especially through the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. The protein concentrations of p-ERK/ERK, p-JNK/JNK, p-p38/p38, and pMEK/MEK were significantly reduced in the allergen-induced+IH group, compared to the allergen-induced group (p-value < 0.05 as considered statistically significant). The number of eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and Dp (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)-specific IgG2a and interleukins 4, 5, 13, and 17 were significantly reduced in the Dp+IH group, compared to the Dp group. These findings suggest that the MAPK pathway might be associated with the beneficial effect of IH on the attenuation of allergic response in an allergen-induced mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doston Sultonov
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22332, Korea
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Young Hyo Kim
- Kimyounghyo ENT Clinic, 161 Shin-song-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22002, Korea
| | - Hyelim Park
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Kyu-Sung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22332, Korea
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (K.-S.K.)
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Bridts CH, Sabato V, Mertens C, Hagendorens MM, De Clerck LS, Ebo DG. Flow Cytometric Allergy Diagnosis: Basophil Activation Techniques. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2163:183-195. [PMID: 32766976 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0696-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The basis of flow cytometric allergy diagnosis is the quantification of changes in the expression of basophilic surface membrane markers (Ebo et al., Clin Exp Allergy 34: 332-339, 2004). Upon encountering specific allergens recognized by surface receptor FcεRI-bound IgE, basophils not only secrete and generate quantifiable bioactive mediators but also upregulate the expression of different markers (e.g., CD63, CD203c) which can be detected by multicolor flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies (Ebo et al., Cytometry B Clin Cytom 74: 201-210, 2008). Here, we describe two flow cytometry-based protocols which allow the detection of surface marker activation (Method 1) and changes in intragranular histamine (Method 2), both reflecting different facets of basophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H Bridts
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margo M Hagendorens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc S De Clerck
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Cop N, Decuyper II, Faber MA, Sabato V, Bridts CH, Hagendorens MM, De Winter BY, De Clerck LS, Ebo DG. Phenotypic and functional characterization ofin vitrocultured human mast cells. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 92:348-354. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Cop
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - II Decuyper
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - MA Faber
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - V Sabato
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - CH Bridts
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - MM Hagendorens
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - BY De Winter
- Department of Pediatrics; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - LS De Clerck
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
| | - DG Ebo
- Department of Immunology; Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp 2610 Belgium
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Cop N, Uyttebroek AP, Sabato V, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Ebo DG. Flow cytometric analysis of drug-Induced basophil histamine release. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2015; 90:285-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Cop
- Department of Immunology; Allergology; Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerpen 2610 Belgium
| | - A. P. Uyttebroek
- Department of Immunology; Allergology; Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerpen 2610 Belgium
| | - V. Sabato
- Department of Immunology; Allergology; Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerpen 2610 Belgium
| | - C. H. Bridts
- Department of Immunology; Allergology; Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerpen 2610 Belgium
| | - L. S. De Clerck
- Department of Immunology; Allergology; Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerpen 2610 Belgium
| | - D. G. Ebo
- Department of Immunology; Allergology; Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerpen 2610 Belgium
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Witting Christensen SK, Kortekaas Krohn I, Thuraiaiyah J, Skjold T, Schmid JM, Hoffmann HJH. Sequential allergen desensitization of basophils is non-specific and may involve p38 MAPK. Allergy 2014; 69:1343-9. [PMID: 25040734 DOI: 10.1111/all.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequential allergen desensitization provides temporary tolerance for allergic patients. We adapted a clinical protocol to desensitize human blood basophils ex vivo and investigated the mechanism and allergen specificity. METHODS We included 28 adult, grass allergic subjects. The optimal, activating allergen concentration was determined by measuring activated CD63(+) CD193(+) SS(Low) basophils in a basophil activation test with 8 log-dilutions of grass allergen. Basophils in whole blood were desensitized by incubation with twofold to 2.5-fold increasing allergen doses in 10 steps starting at 1 : 1000 of the optimal dose. Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was assessed after 3 min of allergen stimulation (n = 7). Allergen specificity was investigated by desensitizing cells from multi-allergic subjects with grass allergen and challenging with optimal doses of grass, birch, recombinant house dust mite (rDer p2) allergen or anti-IgE (n = 10). RESULTS Desensitization reduced the fraction of blood basophils responding to challenge with an optimal allergen dose from a median (IQR) 81.0% (66.3-88.8) to 35.4% (19.8-47.1, P < 0.0001). CD63 MFI expression was reduced from 68 248 (29 336-92 001) to 30 496 (14 046-46 179, P < 0.0001). Basophils from multi-allergic subjects were desensitized with grass allergen. Challenge with grass allergen resulted in 39.6% activation (15.8-58.3). An unrelated challenge (birch, rDer p2 or anti-IgE) resulted in 53.4% activation (30.8-66.8, P = 0.16 compared with grass). Desensitization reduced p38 MAPK phosphorylation from a median 48.1% (15.6-92.8) to 26.1% (7.4-71.2, P = 0.047) and correlated with decrease in CD63 upregulation (n = 7, r > 0.79, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Desensitization attenuated basophil response rapidly and non-specifically at a stage before p38 MAPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. Kortekaas Krohn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. Thuraiaiyah
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - T. Skjold
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. M. Schmid
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - H. J. H. Hoffmann
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
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Uyttebroek AP, Sabato V, Faber MA, Cop N, Bridts CH, Lapeere H, De Clerck LS, Ebo DG. Basophil activation tests: time for a reconsideration. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1325-35. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.959498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ebo DG, Van Vaerenbergh M, de Graaf DC, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Sabato V. In vitro diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy and further development of component resolved diagnostics. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:375-84. [PMID: 24490811 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.881252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For most people Hymenoptera stings result in transient and bothersome local inflammatory responses characterized by pain, itching, redness and swelling. In contrast, for those presenting an IgE-mediated allergic reaction, a re-sting may cause life-threatening reactions. In such patients, correct diagnosis is an absolute prerequisite for effective management, i.e. venom-specific immunotherapy. Generally, identification of the offending insect involves a detailed history along with quantification of venom-specific IgE antibodies and venom skin tests. Unfortunately, due to uncertainties associated with both tests, correct diagnosis is not always straightforward. This review summarizes the potentials and limitations of the various in vitro tests that are currently being used in the diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy. Particular attention is paid to the potential of novel cellular tests such as basophil activation tests and component-resolved diagnosis with recombinant venom allergens in the diagnostic approach of patients with difficult diagnosis, i.e. cases in whom traditional venom specific IgE and skin tests yield equivocal or negative results. Finally, this review also covers the recent discoveries in the field of proteome research of Hymenoptera venoms and the selection of cell types for recombinant allergens production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Allergology and Rheumatology, University Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Bidad K, Nawijn MC, van Oosterhout AJM, van der Heide S, Elberink JNGO. Basophil activation test in the diagnosis and monitoring of mastocytosis patients with wasp venom allergy on immunotherapy. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 86:183-90. [PMID: 24478037 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is need for an accurate diagnostic test in mastocytosis patients with wasp venom allergy (WVA) and monitoring of these patients during immunotherapy (IT). In this study, we aimed to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the Basophil Activation Test (BAT) as a diagnostic and monitoring test in patients with mastocytosis and WVA. METHODS Seventeen patients with mastocytosis and WVA and six mastocytosis patients without WVA were included. BAT was performed before the start of IT (first visit) and at 6 weeks (second visit) and 1 year (third visit), after reaching the maintenance dose. Of 17 patients included, 11 completed the third visit. In mastocytosis patients with WVA, dose-dependent wasp-venom induced upregulation of CD63 and CD203c expression on basophils was observed compared with mastocytosis patients without WVA. Serum specific IgE, IgG4, and tryptase levels were measured in all patients. RESULTS BAT had a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 100% in diagnosing WVA in mastocytosis patients. Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity with respect to CD63 and CD203c was significantly decreased in the second visit compared with the first visit and increased significantly in the third visit compared with the second visit. Specific IgE levels increased significantly in the second visit compared with first and decreased significantly in the third visit compared with the second. Specific IgG4 levels rose significantly in the second visit compared with the first and on the third visit compared with the second. Tryptase levels did not change significantly during the study. CONCLUSIONS BAT represents a diagnostic test with 100% specificity in allergic patients with mastocytosis and these patients are better to be monitored for a longer period during IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Bidad
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Leysen J, Sabato V, Verweij MM, De Knop KJ, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Ebo DG. The basophil activation test in the diagnosis of immediate drug hypersensitivity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 7:349-55. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The basis of flow cytometric allergy diagnosis is quantification of changes in expression of basophilic surface membrane markers (Ebo et al., Clin Exp Allergy 34: 332-339, 2004). Upon encountering specific allergens recognized by surface receptor FcεRI-bound IgE, basophils not only secrete and generate quantifiable bioactive mediators but also up-regulate the expression of different markers (e.g., CD63, CD203c) which can be detected by multicolor flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies (Ebo et al., Cytometry B Clin Cytom 74: 201-210, 2008). Here, we describe two flow cytometry-based protocols which allow detection of surface marker activation (Method 1) and changes in intragranular histamine (Method 2), both reflecting different facets of basophil activation.
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Nullens S, Sabato V, Faber M, Leysen J, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Falcone FH, Maurer M, Ebo DG. Basophilic histamine content and release during venom immunotherapy: Insights by flow cytometry. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2013; 84:173-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Eržen R, Košnik M, Šilar M, Korošec P. Basophil response and the induction of a tolerance in venom immunotherapy: a long-term sting challenge study. Allergy 2012; 67:822-30. [PMID: 22469017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no in vitro test to predict the induction of long-term tolerance in patients treated with venom immunotherapy (VIT). The aim of this study was to investigate whether immunotherapy-induced changes in basophil responsiveness reflect a state of protection and the induction of a tolerance. METHODS Twenty-three patients with allergic reaction after Hymenoptera sting (11 wasp and 12 honeybee) were treated with VIT. In all patients, a CD63 basophil activation test was performed before the beginning of immunotherapy, after 1 year and after completing 4-6.5 years of immunotherapy (approximately 1 year after stopping). The tolerance was then evaluated by a sting challenge test. The basophil activation test was repeated 3-6 months after the challenge. RESULTS Twenty-two subjects showed a negative sting challenge, and one subject, a positive sting challenge. Allergen-specific basophil response remained unchanged after 1 year of immunotherapy. However, after immunotherapy, a significant and approximately fourfold decrease was demonstrated in all tolerant subjects mainly in response to submaximal 0.1 μg/ml allergen concentration. This depression was sustained and did not change with the sting challenge test. In a nontolerant patient with a positive sting challenge, basophil response did not change. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the depression of allergen-specific basophil response seems to be associated with the induction of a tolerance after completing a course of VIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Eržen
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases; Golnik; Slovenia
| | - M. Košnik
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases; Golnik; Slovenia
| | - M. Šilar
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases; Golnik; Slovenia
| | - P. Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases; Golnik; Slovenia
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Chirumbolo S. Basophil Activation Test in Allergy: Time for an Update? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 158:99-114. [DOI: 10.1159/000331312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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State-of-the-art review about basophil research in immunology and allergy: is the time right to treat these cells with the respect they deserve? BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2011; 10:148-64. [PMID: 22244003 DOI: 10.2450/2011.0020-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Verweij MM, Sabato V, Nullens S, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ, Ebo DG. STAT5 in human basophils: IL-3 is required for its FcεRI-mediated phosphorylation. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2011; 82:101-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chirumbolo S, Zanoni G, Ortolani R, Vella A. In vitro Biphasic Effect of Honey Bee Venom on Basophils from Screened Healthy Blood Donors. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2010; 3:58-61. [PMID: 21217927 PMCID: PMC3005321 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apis mellifera L. bee venom is the most studied hymenoptera allergen, but many aspects of its action on human basophils remain unclear. Allergologists seek evidence of the effectiveness of bee venom immunotherapy as this approach is the chosen treatment for systemic allergic reactions. The effect of bee venom on human basophils in vitro has not been studied in detail for many reasons, including the paucity of basophils in peripheral blood, inter-individual basophil response variability, and the reliability and predictability of basophil activation tests. We conducted a brief preliminary survey of the effect of Apis bee venom on healthy asymptomatic (non-allergic) subjects. A dose of an aqueous commercial extract of Apis bee venom as high as 10 µg/mL activated resting basophils (CD63=+80-90%, CD203c=+30%), while it inhibited the expression of CD63 (-50%) following basophil stimulation by the soluble agonists formyl-Met-Leu-Phe or anti-IgE. The activation of resting basophils appeared to be dose-related. Only when basophils were activated with an IgE-mediated agonist, did bee venom extract exhibit a possible priming mechanism at the lowest doses used only via CD63, while it was ineffective via CD203c. Autocrine interleukin-3 may play a role in the observed biphasic behavior.
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