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Borrajo ML, Lou G, Anthiya S, Lapuhs P, Álvarez DM, Tobío A, Loza MI, Vidal A, Alonso MJ. Nanoemulsions and nanocapsules as carriers for the development of intranasal mRNA vaccines. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2046-2061. [PMID: 38811465 PMCID: PMC11208213 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The global emergency of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spurred extensive worldwide efforts to develop vaccines for protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our contribution to this global endeavor involved the development of a diverse library of nanocarriers, as alternatives to lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), including nanoemulsions (NEs) and nanocapsules (NCs), with the aim of protecting and delivering messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for nasal vaccination purposes. A wide range of prototypes underwent rigorous screening through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, encompassing assessments of cellular transfection, cytotoxicity, and intramuscular administration of a model mRNA for protein translation. As a result, two promising candidates were identified for nasal administration. One of them was a NE incorporating a combination of an ionizable lipid (C12-200) and cationic lipid (DOTAP), both intended to condense mRNA, along with DOPE, which is known to facilitate endosomal escape. This NE exhibited a size of 120 nm and a highly positive surface charge (+ 50 mV). Another candidate was an NC formulation comprising the same components and endowed with a dextran sulfate shell. This formulation showed a size of 130 nm and a moderate negative surface charge (-16 mV). Upon intranasal administration of mRNA encoding for ovalbumin (mOVA) associated with optimized versions of the said NE and NCs, a robust antigen-specific CD8 + T cell response was observed. These findings underscore the potential of NEs and polymeric NCs in advancing mRNA vaccine development for combating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya L Borrajo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- IDIS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Gustavo Lou
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- IDIS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Shubaash Anthiya
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- IDIS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Philipp Lapuhs
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- IDIS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - David Moreira Álvarez
- Biofarma Research Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Araceli Tobío
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- IDIS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Biofarma Research Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Anxo Vidal
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- IDIS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- IDIS Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
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Polakova A, Kauter L, Ismagambetova A, Didona D, Solimani F, Ghoreschi K, Hertl M, Möbs C, Hudemann C. Detection of rare autoreactive T cell subsets in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979277. [PMID: 36203615 PMCID: PMC9531257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of T lymphocyte proliferation and activation after antigenic or mitogenic stimulation is a vital parameter used in the diagnosis of various immuno-deficiencies and during the monitoring of treatment responses. Most applied techniques are based on the incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) or ELISPOT analysis, both rely on rather time-consuming/-intensive ex vivo protocols or encompass inherent drawbacks such as the inability to distinguish specific cell populations (3H-TdR, ELISPOT) or focus on a single cytokine (ELISPOT). Here we aimed at characterizing the rapid expression of intracellular CD154 (CD40L) as a marker for rare antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Upon stimulation with human desmoglein (Dsg) 3, the major autoantigen in PV, the expression of CD154 was significantly increased in PV patients compared to healthy controls (HC) and correlated with anti-Dsg3 IgG titers. Patients with active disease showed higher numbers of Dsg3-reactive CD4+ T cells in CXCR5+ T follicular helper cells. In remittent PV and HC, CXCR5+CD4+ T cells remained largely unaffected by Dsg3. IL-17 and IL-21 expression were significantly induced only in CD154+CD4+ T cells from PV patients, lending themselves as potential novel treatment targets. Additionally, stimulation with immunodominant Dsg3-derived epitopes strongly induced a CD4+ T cell response via CD40-CD154 interaction similar to the human Dsg3 protein. We here established a rapid ex vivo assay allowing the detection of Dsg3-reactive CD4+ T cells from activated systemically available PBMCs, which further supports the crucial concept of antigen-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Polakova
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Kauter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Adina Ismagambetova
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dario Didona
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Farzan Solimani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hudemann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christoph Hudemann,
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3
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Mueller S, Taitt JM, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Bonner ER, Nejo T, Lulla RR, Goldman S, Banerjee A, Chi SN, Whipple NS, Crawford JR, Gauvain K, Nazemi KJ, Watchmaker PB, Almeida ND, Okada K, Salazar AM, Gilbert RD, Nazarian J, Molinaro AM, Butterfield LH, Prados MD, Okada H. Mass cytometry detects H3.3K27M-specific vaccine responses in diffuse midline glioma. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:6325-6337. [PMID: 32817593 PMCID: PMC7685729 DOI: 10.1172/jci140378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPatients with diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), have dismal outcomes. We previously described the H3.3K27M mutation as a shared neoantigen in HLA-A*02.01+, H3.3K27M+ DMGs. Within the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium, we assessed the safety and efficacy of an H3.3K27M-targeted peptide vaccine.METHODSNewly diagnosed patients, aged 3-21 years, with HLA-A*02.01+ and H3.3K27M+ status were enrolled in stratum A (DIPG) or stratum B (nonpontine DMG). Vaccine was administered in combination with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-poly-I-lysine carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC) every 3 weeks for 8 cycles, followed by once every 6 weeks. Immunomonitoring and imaging were performed every 3 months. Imaging was centrally reviewed. Immunological responses were assessed in PBMCs using mass cytometry.RESULTSA total of 19 patients were enrolled in stratum A (median age,11 years) and 10 in stratum B (median age, 13 years). There were no grade-4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Injection site reaction was the most commonly reported TRAE. Overall survival (OS) at 12 months was 40% (95% CI, 22%-73%) for patients in stratum A and 39% (95% CI, 16%-93%) for patients in stratum B. The median OS was 16.1 months for patients who had an expansion of H3.3K27M-reactive CD8+ T cells compared with 9.8 months for their counterparts (P = 0.05). Patients with DIPG with below-median baseline levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells had prolonged OS compared with their counterparts (P < 0.01). Immediate pretreatment dexamethasone administration was inversely associated with H3.3K27M-reactive CD8+ T cell responses.CONCLUSIONAdministration of the H3.3K27M-specific vaccine was well tolerated. Patients with H3.3K27M-specific CD8+ immunological responses demonstrated prolonged OS compared with nonresponders.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02960230.FUNDINGThe V Foundation, the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium Foundation, the Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation, the Mithil Prasad Foundation, the MCJ Amelior Foundation, the Anne and Jason Farber Foundation, Will Power Research Fund Inc., the Isabella Kerr Molina Foundation, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH (R35NS105068).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Neurosurgery and
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Children’s University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Rishi R. Lulla
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anu Banerjee
- Department of Neurosurgery and
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan N. Chi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Whipple
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John R. Crawford
- Department of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, UCSD and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Karen Gauvain
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kellie J. Nazemi
- Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Neil D. Almeida
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Javad Nazarian
- Children’s University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Lisa H. Butterfield
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael D. Prados
- Department of Neurosurgery and
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery and
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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Chen GL, Wallace PK, Zhang Y, Tario JD, Przespolewski AC, Becker J, Almyroudis NG, Ross M, Riches M, Segal BH, Brix L, McCarthy PL, Hahn T. Low-Level Cytomegalovirus Antigenemia Promotes Protective Cytomegalovirus Antigen-Specific T Cells after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:2147-2154. [PMID: 32721522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a beneficial effect from cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) on immune reconstitution. We determined the CMV antigenemia level associated with increased CMV antigen-specific T cells (CASTs) at day +100 and decreased CMV reactivation after day +100. CMV reactivation and CASTs were measured with CMV antigenemia and CMV-specific major histocompatibility complex multimers. The analysis consisted of 775 CAST measurements obtained before and 30, 100, and 365 days post-alloHCT from 327 consecutive patients treated between 2008 and 2016. Detectable CASTs correlated with recipient (P < .0001) and donor (P < .0001) CMV seropositivity pre-alloHCT. CMV reactivation before day +100 was associated with a higher proportion of patients who achieved ≥3 CASTs/µL by day +100 (61% with versus 39% without reactivation, P < .001). In alloHCT recipients at high risk for CMV reactivation (R+D±) with a maximum of grade II acute graft-versus-host-disease, reactivating CMV before day +100 and achieving ≥3 versus <3 CASTs/µL at day +100 was associated with reduced CMV reactivation from day +100 to +365 (27% versus 62%, P = .04). This protective effect was observed with low-level but not high-level CMV reactivation (<5 versus ≥5/50,000 polymorphonuclear leukocytes + pp65, respectively). These findings suggest low-level CMV reactivation may be beneficial and that treatment may be delayed until progression. These findings will need validation in prospective clinical trials using CMV PCR and antigenemia assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Paul K Wallace
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joseph D Tario
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Joanne Becker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nikolaos G Almyroudis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Maureen Ross
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Marcie Riches
- Department of Medicine, Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Philip L McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
| | - Theresa Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Roswell Park, Buffalo, New York
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5
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La Rosa C, Longmate J, Lingaraju CR, Zhou Q, Kaltcheva T, Hardwick N, Aldoss I, Nakamura R, Diamond DJ. Rapid Acquisition of Cytomegalovirus-Specific T Cells with a Differentiated Phenotype, in Nonviremic Hematopoietic Stem Transplant Recipients Vaccinated with CMVPepVax. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 25:771-784. [PMID: 30562587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. CMVPepVax is an investigational peptide vaccine designed to control CMV infection in HCT recipients seropositive for CMV by stimulating the expansion of T cell subsets that target the CMV tegument protein pp65. In a randomized Phase Ib pilot trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01588015), two injections of CMVPepVax (at days 28 and 56 post-HCT) demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, increased relapse-free survival, and reduced CMV reactivation and use of antivirals. In the present study, we assessed the phenotypes and time courses of the pp65-specific CD8 T cell subsets that expanded in response to CMVPepVax vaccination. The functionality and antiviral role of CMV-specific T cells have been linked to immune reconstitution profiles characterized predominantly by differentiated effector memory T (TEM) subsets that have lost membrane expression of the costimulatory molecule CD28 and often reexpress the RA isoform of CD45 (TEMRA). Major histocompatibility complex class I pp65495-503 multimers, as well as CD28 and CD45 memory markers, were used to detect immune reconstitution in blood specimens from HCT recipients enrolled in the Phase Ib clinical trial. Specimens from the 10 (out of 18) vaccinated patients who had adequate (≥.2%) multimer binding to allow for memory analysis showed highly differentiated TEM and TEMRA phenotypes for pp65495-503-specific CD8 T cells during the first 100days post-transplantation. In particular, by day 70, during the period of highest risk for CMV reactivation, combined TEM and TEMRA phenotypes constituted a median of 90% of pp65495-503-specific CD8 T cells in these vaccinated patients. CMV viremia was not detectable in the patients who received CMVPepVax, although their pp65495-503-specific CD8 T cell profiles were strikingly similar to those observed in viremic patients who did not receive the vaccine. Collectively, our findings indicate that in the absence of clinically relevant viremia, CMVPepVax reconstituted significant levels of differentiated pp65495-503-specific CD8 TEMs early post-HCT. Our data indicate that the rapid reconstitution of CMV-specific T cells with marked levels of effector phenotypes may have been key to the favorable outcomes of the CMVPepVax clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna La Rosa
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jeffrey Longmate
- Division of Biostatistics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Chetan Raj Lingaraju
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Teodora Kaltcheva
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Nicola Hardwick
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California.
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Cutler SJ, Rudenko N, Golovchenko M, Cramaro WJ, Kirpach J, Savic S, Christova I, Amaro A. Diagnosing Borreliosis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:2-11. [PMID: 28055580 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia species fall into two groups, the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex, the cause of Lyme borreliosis (also known as Lyme disease), and the relapsing fever group. Both groups exhibit inter- and intraspecies diversity and thus have variations in both clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches. A further layer of complexity is derived from the fact that ticks may carry multiple infectious agents and are able to transmit them to the host during blood feeding, with potential overlapping clinical manifestations. Besides this, pathogens like Borrelia have developed strategies to evade the host immune system, which allows them to persist within the host, including humans. Diagnostics can be applied at different times during the clinical course and utilize sample types, each with their own advantages and limitations. These differing methods should always be considered in conjunction with potential exposure and compatible clinical features. Throughout this review, we aim to explore different approaches providing the reader with an overview of methods appropriate for various situations. This review will cover human pathogenic members of Bbsl and relapsing fever borreliae, including newly recognized Borrelia miyamotoi spirochetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Cutler
- 1 School of Health, Sport & Bioscience, University of East London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Nataliia Rudenko
- 2 Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology , Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maryna Golovchenko
- 2 Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology , Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Wibke J Cramaro
- 3 Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Josiane Kirpach
- 3 Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sara Savic
- 4 Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad ," Rumenacki put 20, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Iva Christova
- 5 Department of Microbiology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ana Amaro
- 6 National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research (INIAV) , Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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Fløe A, Løppke C, Hilberg O, Wejse C, Brix L, Jacobsen K. Development of an epitope panel for consistent identification of antigen-specific T-cells in humans. Immunology 2017; 152:298-307. [PMID: 28564390 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to establish a panel of MHC-peptide multimers suitable as a positive control in the detection of HLA A*0201 restricted antigen specific T cells (ASTC) by flow cytometry. MHC Dextramers were loaded with HLA A*0201 binding peptides from viral antigens and melanoma targets identified from a literature search and in silico prediction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were analysed with the MHC Dextramers using flow cytometry. The best performing epitopes were tested on PBMC from patients undergoing testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to assess the coverage of this epitope panel. Of 21 candidate epitopes, ASTC could be detected against 12 (57·1%) in at least one of 18 healthy blood donors. Reactivity to two or more epitopes was seen in 17 of the 18 donors (94·4%). We selected the six best-performing epitopes and demonstrated a positive response in 42 (97·7%) of 43 patient samples (healthy, latent and active M. tuberculosis infection). The selected panel of six antigenic epitopes sufficed as a positive control in the detection of ASTC in HLA A*0201. Performance was robust in different stages of latent and active M. tuberculosis infection, indicating reliability also during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fløe
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Immudex ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Hilberg
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sygehus Lillabaelt, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,GloHAU Centre for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Han SH. Immunological Prediction of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Replication Risk in Solid Organ Transplantation Recipients: Approaches for Regulating the Targeted Anti-CMV Prevention Strategies. Infect Chemother 2017; 49:161-175. [PMID: 29027383 PMCID: PMC5620383 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2017.49.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current cytomegalovirus (CMV) prevention strategies in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients have contributed towards overcoming the detrimental effects caused by CMV lytic infection, and improving the long-term success rate of graft survival. Although the quantification of CMV in peripheral blood is the standard method, and an excellent end-point for diagnosing CMV replication and modulating the anti-CMV prevention strategies in SOT recipients, a novel biomarker mimicking the CMV control mechanism is required. CMV-specific immune monitoring can be employed as a basic tool predicting CMV infection or disease after SOT, since uncontrolled CMV replication mostly originates from the impairment of immune responses against CMV under immunosuppressive conditions in SOT recipients. Several studies conducted during the past few decades have indicated the possibility of measuring the CMV-specific cell-mediated immune response in clinical situations. Among several analytical assays, the most advancing standardized tool is the QuantiFERON®-CMV assay. The T-Track® CMV kit that uses the standardized enzyme-linked immunospot assay is also widely employed. In addition to these assays, immunophenotyping and intracellular cytokine analysis using flow cytometry (with fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies or peptide-major histocompatibility complex multimers) needs to be adequately standardized and validated for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Han
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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9
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Maguire O, Chen GL, Hahn TE, Brix L, McCarthy PL, Wallace PK, Minderman H. Quantifying MHC dextramer-induced NFAT activation in antigen-specific T cells as a functional response parameter. Methods 2016; 112:75-83. [PMID: 27327144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC-multimers are reagents used for the detection and enumeration of antigen-specific T cells (ASTs). These reagents exploit the mechanism by which T cell receptors (TCR) on cytotoxic CD8 T cells recognize specific antigens in the context of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule during antigen presentation. MHC-multimers are fluorescently-labeled dextran polymers that carry MHC Class I molecules and peptide sequences that can be modified to represent specific cognate sequences of the antigen of interest with dextramers having a 10-fold multiplicity of the MHC/peptide combination within a single multimer. Since the binding of antigen-specific dextramers mimics antigen presentation to the TCR, the present study sought to determine whether this TCR engagement on the AST was sufficient to elicit a functional T cell response. The effect of binding of CMV specific dextramers on the activation of the NFAT signal transduction cascade was assessed in peripheral blood from bone marrow transplant recipients previously determined to be positive for CMV-ASTs (CASTs). NFAT activation was quantified by measuring nuclear translocation of NFAT1 in CD8+ CASTs and CD8+ non-CASTs by imaging flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate that an increase in the nuclear localization of NFAT1 was detectable in the CASTs following the CMV-dextramer binding and could be observed as early as 10min post-exposure. The NFAT1 activation correlated with a downstream functional response in the form of interferon gamma production. Sample preparation, temperature, and duration of dextramer exposure were important parameters affecting the dextramer-induced NFAT activation with 2h exposure in whole blood at room temperature being the optimal of the conditions tested. Intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity was observed with regards to the NFAT activation in the CASTs. Importantly, no effect of the dextramers was observed in the CD8+ non-CASTs, and therefore dextramer negative cell populations. Exposure to PMA/ionomycin following dextramer exposure resulted in a homogeneous NFAT activation in both the dextramer-positive but NFAT1 nonresponsive CAST and non-CAST cells. Thus, the data demonstrate that binding of antigen-specific dextramers to ASTs specifically results in activation of NFAT, that the NFAT activation correlates with a downstream functional response and that the response can be heterogeneous. This functional parameter may provide insight to the issue whether enumeration alone of ASTs is a sufficient parameter to assess an individual's immune status against a specific antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Maguire
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - George L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Theresa E Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | - Philip L McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Paul K Wallace
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Hans Minderman
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Ciáurriz M, Beloki L, Bandrés E, Mansilla C, Zabalza A, Pérez-Valderrama E, Lachén M, Ibáñez B, Olavarría E, Ramírez N. Streptamer technology allows accurate and specific detection of CMV-specific HLA-A*02 CD8 + T cells by flow cytometry. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 92:153-160. [PMID: 26918565 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimer technology is widely used to screen antigen-specific immune recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) as it enables identification, enumeration, phenotypic characterization and isolation of virus-specific T-cells. Novel approaches of multimerization might improve on classical tetramer staining; however, their use as standard monitoring technique to quantify antigen-specific cells has not been validated yet. We have compared two of these available multimeric complexes: pentamer and streptamer to select the best strategy for the incorporation into clinical monitoring practice. METHODS CMVpp65495-503 -specific HLA-A*02:01 CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLA *02:01 -CMVpp65495-503 ) were examined with pentamer and streptamer in peripheral blood cells of 77 healthy volunteers. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to compare the precision and repeatability, sensitivity and accuracy and specificity of both technologies by flow cytometry. RESULTS Standard deviation for both techniques was less than 0.05 showing that they are repetitive and precise. Both techniques significantly correlated at high frequencies (rSpearman = 0.9422; P < 0.0001) but it was lost at lower levels (<1%) of CTLA *02:01 -CMVpp65495-503 (rSpearman = 0.3351; P = 0.1376). Streptamer is more accurate for the detection of CTLA *02:01 -CMVpp65495-503 providing significantly closer values to the theoretical ones (P < 0.0001) as pentamer binds unspecifically to a notable proportion of non-CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that streptamer multimer provides precise, accurate and specific results to detect CTLA *02:01 -CMVpp65495-503 by flow cytometry. Streptamer multimer can be used not only for the monitoring of early CTLA *02:01 -CMVpp65495-503 reconstitution in immunosuppressed patients following allo-HSCT but also, in conjunction with its reversibility role, for the isolation of CTLA *02:01 -CMVpp65495-503 for its future use in adoptive immunotherapy. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ciáurriz
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Foundation, IDISNA (Navarra's Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorea Beloki
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Foundation, IDISNA (Navarra's Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Bandrés
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Foundation, IDISNA (Navarra's Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain.,Immunology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Haematology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mansilla
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Foundation, IDISNA (Navarra's Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Zabalza
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Foundation, IDISNA (Navarra's Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estela Pérez-Valderrama
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Foundation, IDISNA (Navarra's Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Lachén
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Foundation, IDISNA (Navarra's Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Berta Ibáñez
- IDISNA, Red de Evaluación en Servicios Sanitarios y Enfermedades Cronicas (REDISSEC), Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Navarra, Spain
| | - Eduardo Olavarría
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Foundation, IDISNA (Navarra's Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Haematology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Hammersmith Hospital-Imperial College Healthcare NHS, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Ramírez
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Foundation, IDISNA (Navarra's Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain
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