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Akkari Y, Baughn LB, Kim A, Karaca E, Raca G, Shao L, Mikhail FM. Section E6.1-6.6 of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) Technical Laboratory Standards: Cytogenomic studies of acquired chromosomal abnormalities in neoplastic blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Genet Med 2024; 26:101054. [PMID: 38349293 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytogenomic analyses of acquired clonal chromosomal abnormalities in neoplastic blood, bone marrow, and/or lymph nodes are instrumental in the clinical management of patients with hematologic neoplasms. Cytogenetic analyses assist in the diagnosis of such disorders and can provide important prognostic information. Furthermore, cytogenetic studies can provide crucial information regarding specific genetically defined subtypes of these neoplasms that may have targeted therapies. At time of relapse, cytogenetic analysis can confirm recurrence of the original neoplasm, detect clonal disease evolution, or uncover a new unrelated neoplastic process. This section deals specifically with the technical standards applicable to cytogenomic studies of acquired clonal chromosomal abnormalities in neoplastic blood, bone marrow, and/or lymph nodes. This updated Section E6.1-6.6 supersedes the previous Section E6 in Section E: Clinical Cytogenetics of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Technical Standards for Clinical Genetics Laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmine Akkari
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Linda B Baughn
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Annette Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Pathology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Texas A&M School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX
| | - Gordana Raca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lina Shao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Fady M Mikhail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Rai S, Das N, Gupta R, Kumar L, Sharma A, Singh S, Prajapati VK. Utility of CD229 as novel marker in measurable residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma-An evidence-based approach. Int J Lab Hematol 2023; 45:179-186. [PMID: 36403963 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD229 has been found to be a useful plasma cell (PC) gating marker in multiple myeloma (MM). This study analyses the expression profile of CD229 on various bone marrow compartments namely, PC, non-PC and hematogones (HGs) using Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC). Furthermore, it evaluates the ability of CD229 to delineate normal PC (NPC) from aberrant PC (APC) in measurable residual disease assessment (MRD) in MM. METHODS Bone marrow aspirates from patients diagnosed with MM (per standard IMWG criteria) were collected in EDTA and processed for MFC using a single tube 14-color antibody panel as per standard operating procedure. RESULTS A total of 74 patients with a diagnosis of MM (26 treatment naïve and 48 on therapy) were evaluated. The expression of CD229 was homogenous on both the PC and HG compartments as compared to CD138 and CD38. On comparing the expression of individual markers, it was found to be statistically significant between PC, HGs and non-PC for all three markers (p < 0.001). APC showed lower median expression of CD38 and higher median expression of CD138 and CD229 as compared to NPC and was found to be statistically significant for all markers (p < 0.001). In terms of differential expression on NPC and APC; CD38 was found to be the most aberrantly expressed (70%; 52/74) followed by CD229 (7%; 5/74) and CD138 (5%; 4/74). CONCLUSIONS CD229 can be used for the identification of PC and due to relatively homogenous expression; it can be used as a suitable marker for targeted therapies. However, precise discrimination of NPC from APC cannot be reliably achieved with CD229, limiting its utility as a useful marker of diagnostic relevance and MRD assessment in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Rai
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Nupur Das
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay K Prajapati
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Lin Z, Tang X, Cao Y, Yang L, Jiang M, Li X, Min J, Chen B, Yang Y, Gu C. CD229 interacts with RASAL3 to activate RAS/ERK pathway in multiple myeloma proliferation. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9264-9279. [PMID: 36445333 PMCID: PMC9740379 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy, while CAR-T therapy offers a new direction for the treatment of MM. Recently, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 3 (CD229), a cell surface immune receptor belonging to the signaling lymphocyte activating molecule family (SLAMF), is emerging as a CAR-T therapeutic target in MM. However, a clear role of CD229 in MM remains elusive. In this study, MM patients with elevated CD229 expression achieved poor prognosis by analyzing MM clinical databases. In addition, CD229 promoted MM cell proliferation in vitro as well as in xenograft mouse model in vivo. Mechanism study revealed that CD229 promoted MM cell proliferation by regulating the RAS/ERK signaling pathway. Further exploration employed co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry to identify RASAL3 as an important downstream protein of CD229. Additionally, we developed a co-culture method combined with the immunofluorescence assay to confirm that intercellular tyrosine phosphorylation mediated self-activation of CD229 to activate RAS/ERK signaling pathway via interacting with RASAL3. Taken together, these findings not only demonstrate the oncogenic role of CD229 in MM cell proliferation, but also illustrate the potential of CD229 as a promising therapeutic target for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigen Lin
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaozhu Tang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhao Cao
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijin Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingmei Jiang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Min
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Gao Q, Chen X, Cherian S, Roshal M. Mature B‐ and plasma‐cell flow cytometric analysis: A review of the impact of targeted therapy. CYTOMETRY PART B: CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 104:224-242. [PMID: 36321879 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has been indispensable in diagnosing B cell lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasms. The advances in novel multicolor flow cytometry have also made this technology a robust tool for monitoring minimal/measurable residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. However, challenges using conventional gating strategies to isolate neoplastic B or plasma cells are emerging due to the rapidly increasing number of antibody therapeutics targeting single or multiple classic B/plasma cell-lineage markers, such as CD19, CD20, and CD22 in B cells and CD38 in plasma cells. This review is the first of a two-part series that summarizes the most current targeted therapies used in B and plasma cell neoplasms and proposes detailed alternative approaches to overcome post-targeted therapy analysis challenges by flow cytometry. The second review in this series (Chen et al.) focuses on challenges encountered in the use of targeted therapy in precursor B cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Sindu Cherian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
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Sriram H, Kunjachan F, Khanka T, Gawai S, Ghogale S, Deshpande N, Girase K, Patil J, Chatterjee G, Rajpal S, Patkar NV, Bagal B, Jain H, Sengar M, Hasan SK, Khattry N, Subramanian PG, Gujral S, Tembhare PR. Expression levels and patterns of B-cell maturation antigen in newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma patients from Indian subcontinent. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 102:462-470. [PMID: 36346307 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many novel therapies are being evaluated for the treatment of Multiple myeloma (MM). The cell-surface protein B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA, CD269) has recently emerged as a promising target for CAR-T cell and monoclonal-antibody therapies in MM. However, the knowledge of the BCMA expression-pattern in myeloma patients from the Indian subcontinent is still not available. We present an in-depth study of BCMA expression-pattern on abnormal plasma cells (aPC) in Indian MM patients. METHODS We studied BM samples from 217 MM patients (211-new and 6-relapsed) with a median age of 56 years (range, 30-78 years & M:F-2.29) and 20 control samples. Expression levels/patterns of CD269 (clone-19f2) were evaluated in aPCs from MM patients and in normal PCs (nPC) from uninvolved staging bone marrow samples (controls) using multicolor flow cytometry (MFC). Expression-level of CD269 was determined as a ratio of mean fluorescent intensity (MFI-R) of CD269 in PCs to that of non-B-lymphocytes and expression-pattern (homogenous/heterogeneous) as coefficient-of-variation of immunofluorescence (CVIF). RESULTS Median (range) percentage of CD269-positive abnormal-PCs in total PCs was 71.6% (0.49-99.29%). The MFI-R (median, range) of CD269 was significantly higher in aPCs (4.13, 1.12-26.88) than nPCs (3.33, 1.23-12.87), p < .0001. Median (range) MFI of CD269 at diagnosis and relapse were 2.39 (0.77-9.57) and 2.66 (2.15-3.23) respectively. CD269 levels were similar at diagnosis and relapse, p = .5529. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that BCMA/CD269 is highly expressed in aPCs from a majority of MM patients, both at diagnosis and relapse. Thus, BCMA is a valuable target for therapy for Indian MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Sriram
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Florence Kunjachan
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Twinkle Khanka
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sangamitra Gawai
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sitaram Ghogale
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Deshpande
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Karishma Girase
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jagruti Patil
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Chatterjee
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sweta Rajpal
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil V Patkar
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhausaheb Bagal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Hasmukh Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Manju Sengar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Syed Khizer Hasan
- Cell and Tumor Biology Group, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Navin Khattry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Papagudi G Subramanian
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumeet Gujral
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant R Tembhare
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Immunophenotypic Characterization and Ploidy Analysis of Neoplastic Plasma Cells by Multiparametric Flow Cytometry. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 38:473-480. [DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Maclachlan KH, Came N, Diamond B, Roshal M, Ho C, Thoren K, Mayerhoefer ME, Landgren O, Harrison S. Minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma: defining the role of next generation sequencing and flow cytometry in routine diagnostic use. Pathology 2021; 53:385-399. [PMID: 33674146 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) there have been significant treatment advances over the past decade, reflected in an increasing proportion of patients achieving durable remissions. Clinical trials repeatedly demonstrate that achieving a deep response to therapy, with a bone marrow assessment proving negative for minimal residual disease (MRD), confers a significant survival advantage. To accurately assess for minute quantities of residual cancer requires highly sensitive methods; either multiparameter flow cytometry or next generation sequencing are currently recommended for MM response assessment. Under optimal conditions, these methods can detect one aberrant cell amongst 1,000,000 normal cells (a sensitivity of 10-6). Here, we will review the practical use of MRD assays in MM, including challenges in implementation for the routine diagnostic laboratory, standardisation across laboratories and clinical trials, the clinical integration of MRD status assessment into MM management and future directions for ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylee H Maclachlan
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Haematology Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia.
| | - Neil Came
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia; Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Benjamin Diamond
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caleb Ho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie Thoren
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marius E Mayerhoefer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Myeloma Program, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon Harrison
- Haematology Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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Immune Functions of Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Molecules in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020279. [PMID: 33451089 PMCID: PMC7828503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by an increase in abnormal plasma cells. Disease progression, drug resistance, and immunosuppression in MM are associated with immune-related molecules, such as immune checkpoint and co-stimulatory molecules, present in the tumor microenvironment. Novel agents targeting these cell-surface molecules are currently under development, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific monoclonal antibodies, and chimera antigen receptor T-cell therapies. In this review, we focus on the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family receptors and provide an overview of their biological functions and novel therapies in MM. Abstract The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors are expressed on various immune cells and malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. In immune cells, most SLAM family molecules bind to themselves to transmit co-stimulatory signals through the recruiting adaptor proteins SLAM-associated protein (SAP) or Ewing’s sarcoma-associated transcript 2 (EAT-2), which target immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifs in the cytoplasmic regions of the receptors. Notably, SLAMF2, SLAMF3, SLAMF6, and SLAMF7 are strongly and constitutively expressed on MM cells that do not express the adaptor proteins SAP and EAT-2. This review summarizes recent studies on the expression and biological functions of SLAM family receptors during the malignant progression of MM and the resulting preclinical and clinical research involving four SLAM family receptors. A better understanding of the relationship between SLAM family receptors and MM disease progression may lead to the development of novel immunotherapies for relapse prevention.
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Soh KT, Tario JD, Hahn T, Hillengass J, McCarthy PL, Wallace PK. CD319
(
SLAMF7
) an alternative marker for detecting plasma cells in the presence of daratumumab or elotuzumab. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 100:497-508. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kah Teong Soh
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
| | - Joseph D. Tario
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
| | - Theresa Hahn
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
- Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
| | - Philip L. McCarthy
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
- Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
| | - Paul K. Wallace
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York USA
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Bommannan BKK, Arumugam JR, Sundersingh S, Rajan PT, Radhakrishnan V, Sagar TG. CD19 negative and dim precursor B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias: real-world challenges in a targeted-immunotherapy era. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3154-3160. [PMID: 31184238 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1625043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometric diagnosis and minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment of precursor B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) are heavily dependent on CD19 based gating strategies. However, this approach is not optimal in the diagnosis and follow-up of CD19 negative or dim B-ALLs. Though CD19 negative B-ALLs are rare, in the current era of CD19 targeted immuno-therapy, CD19 negative B-ALL relapses are frequent. We have presented our cohort of 14 de novo CD19 negative and dim B-ALLs and have highlighted the difficulties faced during diagnosis and MRD assessment of these patients. We have also discussed the need to identify alternative B-lineage gating markers and strategies to deal with such scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Priya T Rajan
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A.), Chennai, India
| | | | - Tenali Gnana Sagar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A.), Chennai, India
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11
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Wallace PK. Issue Highlights-May 2018 (94B3). CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2019; 94:387-391. [PMID: 29734502 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Wallace
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, New York, 14263 Buffalo
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12
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Dos Santos VM. Re: Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia: Case report and review of the literature. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2019; 18:e563. [PMID: 30988984 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2018.18.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Letter to the Editor
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitorino M Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Cruzeiro Novo, Brazil.,Medical Division, Catholic University of Brasilia, Cruzeiro Novo, Brazil
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