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Sabahi Z, Hasani P, Salehi-Pourmehr H, Beheshti R, Sadeghi-Bazargani H. What Are the Predictors of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Road Traffic Accident Survivors: A Systematic Review. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:104-116. [PMID: 38290103 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Traffic accidents put tremendous burdens on the psychosocial aspects of communities. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), after an accident, is one of the most prevalent and incapacitating psychiatric conditions worldwide. In this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the predictors of PTSD in traffic accident victims. Primary search was conducted in November 2021 and updated in 2023. Studies were excluded if they used any analysis except regression for predictors. Cumulatively, primary and update searches retrieved 10,392 articles from databases, and of these, 87 studies were systematically reviewed. The predictors were categorized into sociodemographics, pretrauma, peritrauma, and post-trauma factors. The PTSD assessment time varied between 2 weeks and 3 years. Being a woman, having depression and having a history of road traffic accidents pretraumatically, peritraumatic dissociative experiences, acute stress disorder diagnosis, rumination, higher injury severity, and involvement in litigation or compensation after the trauma were significant predictors of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sabahi
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parham Hasani
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Rasa Beheshti
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kertzman S, Vainder M, Spivak B, Goclaw Y, Markman U, Weizman A, Kupchik M. Over-Reporting of Somatic and Psychiatric PTSD Symptoms Among People Who Experienced Motor Vehicle Accidents and Did Not Seek Psychiatric Help in a Primary Care Setting. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1347-1357. [PMID: 35669110 PMCID: PMC9165651 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s340965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Semion Kertzman
- The Beer-Ya’akov/Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Beer-Ya’akov, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Correspondence: Semion Kertzman, Forensic Psychiatry Department, Beer-Yakov Mental Health Center, P.O. Box 1, Beer-Yakov, 70350, Israel, Tel +972-8-9776151, Fax +972-8-9776142, Email
| | | | - Baruch Spivak
- The Beer-Ya’akov/Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Beer-Ya’akov, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosi Goclaw
- The Beer-Ya’akov/Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Beer-Ya’akov, Israel
| | - Uri Markman
- The Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Bat Yam, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Marina Kupchik
- The Beer-Ya’akov/Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Beer-Ya’akov, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Violanti JM, Mnatsakanova A, Gu JK, Service S, Andrew ME. Adverse childhood experiences and police mental health. POLICING (BRADFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 44:1014-1030. [PMID: 35928169 PMCID: PMC9345510 DOI: 10.1108/pijpsm-06-2021-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine cross-sectional associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health among police officers. Design/methodology/approach – The sample was from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study data (132 male and 51 female officers). Standardized surveys were administered to participants. Regression coefficients were obtained from models adjusted for age, sex, race and alcohol intake. All statistical tests were performed using a statistical significance level at p < 0.05. Findings – Regression analyses showed significant positive associations between ACEs and mental health (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD]: β = 1.70, p < 0.001 and depressive symptoms: β = 1.29, p < 0.001). Resiliency significantly modified the association between ACEs and PTSD. A positive and significant association was observed among officers with lower resiliency (β = 2.65, p < 0.001). The association between ACEs and PTSD was stronger among male officers compared to females (β = 2.66, p < 0.001 vs. β = 0.59, p ≤ 0.248, respectively). Research limitations/implications – Child abuse and development of PTSD or depression could not be traced through time as this was a cross-sectional study. Recall bias may affect results. Practical implications – PTSD and depression associated with ACEs can affect the interpretation of threat and can exacerbate emotional regulation in officers. An inquiry should be expanded regarding work assignments of victimized officers, such as child exploitation and pornography investigation. Originality/value – There are few studies on ACEs and the mental health of police officers. The present study is among the first to associate multiple police mental health issues with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Violanti
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ja K Gu
- Biostatistics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Samantha Service
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Daphna-Tekoah
- aFaculty of Social-Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
- bDepartment of Social Work, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
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Guest R, Tran Y, Gopinath B, Cameron ID, Craig A. Psychological distress following a motor vehicle crash: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial investigating brief psychological interventions. Trials 2018; 19:343. [PMID: 29945650 PMCID: PMC6020302 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial are presented. The aim of the trial is to determine the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of email-delivered psychological interventions with telephone support, for adults injured in a motor vehicle crash engaged in seeking compensation. The primary intention for this preliminary analysis was to investigate those who were psychologically distressed and to stop the trial midway to evaluate whether the safety endpoints were necessary. METHODS The analysis included 90 adult participants randomised to one of three groups, who were assessed at baseline and post-intervention at 3 months. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) or healthy lifestyle interventions were delivered over 10 weeks, involving fortnightly emailed modules plus clinically focussed telephone support, with the aim of reducing psychological distress. An active waiting list of control subjects received non-clinically focussed telephone contact over the same period along with claim-related reading material. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Impact of Events Scale (Revised) (IES-R) were used to assess psychological distress. Psychiatric interviews were used to diagnose major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Aspects of acceptability and feasibility were also assessed. RESULTS For those diagnosed with depression at baseline in the CBT group, psychological distress reduced by around 16%. For those with depression in the healthy lifestyle group, distress increased marginally. For those in the control group with depression, distress also decreased (by 18% according to DASS-21 and 1.2% according to IES-R). For those without depression, significant reductions in distress occurred, regardless of group (P < .05). The results suggest that for those with depression, a healthy lifestyle intervention is contraindicated, necessitating the cessation of recruitment to this intervention. The interventions were reported as acceptable by the majority and the data indicated that the study is feasible. CONCLUSIONS CBT with telephone support reduced psychological distress in physically injured people with depression who are engaged in seeking compensation. However, time plus fortnightly telephone contact with claim-related reading material may be sufficient to reduce distress in those who are depressed. For those who were not depressed, time plus telephone support is most likely sufficient enough to assist them to recover. The trial will continue with further recruitment to only the CBT and control groups, over longer follow-up periods. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: Preventing psychological distress following a motor vehicle accident; ACTRN12615000326594 . Registered on 9 April 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Guest
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, Corner Reserve Road and First Avenue, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Yvonne Tran
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, Corner Reserve Road and First Avenue, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Bamini Gopinath
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, Corner Reserve Road and First Avenue, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Ian D Cameron
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, Corner Reserve Road and First Avenue, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Ashley Craig
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, Corner Reserve Road and First Avenue, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
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Psychological distress and physical disability in patients sustaining severe injuries in road traffic crashes: Results from a one-year cohort study from three European countries. Injury 2017; 48:297-306. [PMID: 27889110 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to follow-up a group of road crash survivors for one year and assesses the impact of injury on their psychological and physical condition. All crash survivors that were admitted to the intensive or sub-intensive care units of selected hospitals in Greece, Germany and Italy over one year period (2013-2014), were invited to participate in the study and were interviewed at three different time-points as follows: (a) at one month (baseline data), (b) at six months, and (c) at twelve months. The study used widely recommended classifications for injury severity (AIS, MAIS) and standardized health outcome measures such as the Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS 2.0) to measure disability, "Impact of Event Scale" (IES-R) to measure Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Scale) to measure depression. A total of 120 patients were enrolled in the study in all the partner countries and 93 completed all follow up questionnaires. The risk of physical disability was 4.57 times higher [CI 1.98-2.27] at the first follow up and 3.43 times higher [CI 1.43-9.42] at the second follow up as compared with the time before the injury. There was a 79% and an 88% lower risk of depression at the first and the second follow up respectively, as compared with the baseline time. There was also a 72% lower risk of Post-Traumatic Stress at the second follow up as compared with the baseline time. A number of factors relevant to the individuals, the road crash and the injury, were shown to distinguish those at higher risk of long-lasting disability and psychological distress including age, marital status, type of road user, severity and type of the injury, past emotional reaction to distress. The study highlights the importance of a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the impact of injury on an individual and further underlines the importance of screening and treating psychological comorbidities in injury in a timely manner.
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McCanlies EC, Sarkisian K, Andrew ME, Burchfiel CM, Violanti JM. Association of peritraumatic dissociation with symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY 2016; 9:479-484. [PMID: 27869465 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we evaluated whether peritraumatic dissociation (PD) was associated with symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and whether this association was modified by trauma prior to police work. METHOD Symptoms of depression, PTSD, peritraumatic dissociative experience (PDE), and trauma prior to police work were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, PTSD Checklist-Civilian, PDE questionnaire, and the Brief Trauma questionnaire, respectively, in 328 police officers. Separate regression models were used to assess if either symptoms of depression or PTSD were associated with PD stratified by prior trauma. Means were adjusted for race, number of drinks per week, and smoking. RESULTS PD was associated with symptoms of PTSD and depression (β = 0.65, p < .001 and β = 0.27, p < .001, respectively). PD was positively associated with symptoms of PTSD regardless of prior trauma (β = 0.61, p < .001(without prior trauma), 0.75, p < .001 (with prior trauma). In contrast to PTSD, depression symptoms were significantly associated with PD scores in individuals with prior trauma (β = 0.47, p < .001), but not in individuals without prior trauma (β = 0.13, p = .165). LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study. Outcomes were obtained via self-report and were not clinically diagnosed. Aspects of both the trauma event as well as the symptoms and severity of PD may have introduced recall bias. CONCLUSION These results add to the literature indicating that PD plays a role in symptoms of PTSD and depression and how prior trauma may modify this relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McCanlies
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
| | - Khachatur Sarkisian
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
| | - Cecil M Burchfiel
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
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Lewis GC, Platts-Mills TF, Liberzon I, Bair E, Swor R, Peak D, Jones J, Rathlev N, Lee D, Domeier R, Hendry P, McLean SA. Incidence and predictors of acute psychological distress and dissociation after motor vehicle collision: a cross-sectional study. J Trauma Dissociation 2014; 15:527-47. [PMID: 24983475 PMCID: PMC4182147 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2014.908805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the incidence and predictors of peritraumatic distress and dissociation after one of the most common forms of civilian trauma exposure: motor vehicle collision (MVC). METHOD In this study, patients presenting to the emergency department after MVCs who were without serious injury and discharged to home after evaluation (n = 935) completed an emergency department interview evaluating sociodemographic, collision-related, and psychological characteristics. RESULTS The incidence and predictors of distress (Peritraumatic Distress Inventory score ≥23) and dissociation (Michigan Critical Events Perception Scale score >3) were assessed. Distress was present in 355 of 935 patients (38%), and dissociation was present in 260 of 942 patients (28%). These outcomes showed only moderate correlation (r = .45) and had both shared and distinct predictors. Female gender, anxiety symptoms prior to the MVC, and vehicle damage severity predicted both distress and dissociation. Higher socioeconomic status (higher education, higher income, full-time employment) had a protective effect against distress but not dissociative symptoms. Better physical health and worse overall mental health were associated with increased risk of dissociation but not distress. Distress but not dissociation was associated with lower patient confidence in recovery and a longer expected duration of recovery. CONCLUSION There are unique predictors of peritraumatic distress and dissociation. Further work is needed to better understand the neurobiology of peritraumatic distress and dissociation and the influence of these peritraumatic outcomes on persistent psychological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Lewis
- a TRYUMPH Research Program , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
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Cremeans-Smith JK, Contrera K, Speering L, Miller ET, Pfefferle K, Greene K, Delahanty DL. Using established predictors of post-traumatic stress to explain variations in recovery outcomes among orthopedic patients. J Health Psychol 2013; 20:1296-304. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105313511135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present studies examine whether information contained in medical records can be used to predict outcomes following two orthopedic procedures: repair of hip fracture and total knee replacement. Study 1 reports the acute, in-hospital recovery data from the medical records of 119 hip fracture patients. Study 2 is a prospective, longitudinal investigation of 3-month postoperative recovery of 110 total knee replacement patients. Patients characterized by a greater number of post-traumatic stress risk factors experienced poorer outcomes following orthopedic surgery. Our results suggest that patients at risk for negative outcomes can be identified by information readily available to medical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Douglas L Delahanty
- Summa Health System, USA
- Kent State University, USA
- Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), USA
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