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Kim C, Agarwal S, Bychkov A, Hang JF, Harahap AS, Hirokawa M, Kakudo K, Keelawat S, Liu CY, Liu Z, Nguyen TPX, Rana C, Vuong HG, Zhu Y, Jung CK. Differentiating BRAF V600E- and RAS-like alterations in encapsulated follicular patterned tumors through histologic features: a validation study. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:645-656. [PMID: 38366204 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Differentiating BRAF V600E- and RAS-altered encapsulated follicular-patterned thyroid tumors based on morphology remains challenging. This study aimed to validate an 8-score scale nuclear scoring system and investigate the importance of nuclear pseudoinclusions (NPIs) in aiding this differentiation. A cohort of 44 encapsulated follicular-patterned tumors with varying degrees of nuclear atypia and confirmed BRAF V600E or RAS alterations was studied. Nuclear parameters (area, diameter, and optical density) were analyzed using a deep learning model. Twelve pathologists from eight Asian countries visually assessed 22 cases after excluding the cases with any papillae. Eight nuclear features were applied, yielding a semi-quantitative score from 0 to 24. A threshold score of 14 was used to distinguish between RAS- and BRAF V600E-altered tumors. BRAF V600E-altered tumors typically demonstrated higher nuclear scores and notable morphometric alterations. Specifically, the nuclear area and diameter were significantly larger, and nuclear optical density was much lower compared to RAS-altered tumors. Observer accuracy varied, with two pathologists correctly identifying genotype of all cases. Observers were categorized into proficiency groups, with the highest group maintaining consistent accuracy across both evaluation methods. The lower group showed a significant improvement in accuracy upon utilizing the 8-score scale nuclear scoring system, with notably increased sensitivity and negative predictive value in BRAF V600E tumor detection. BRAF V600E-altered tumors had higher median total nuclear scores. Detailed reevaluation revealed NPIs in all BRAF V600E-altered cases, but in only 2 of 14 RAS-altered cases. These results could significantly assist pathologists, particularly those not specializing in thyroid pathology, in making a more accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chankyung Kim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shipra Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa City, Chiba 296-8602, Japan
| | - Jen-Fan Hang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Agnes Stephanie Harahap
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Kennichi Kakudo
- Department of Pathology and Thyroid Disease Center, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Somboon Keelawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- Division of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chanchal Rana
- Department of Pathology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
- College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Nikas IP, Kazamias G, Vrontaki M, Rapti AS, Mastorakis E. Medullary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed with liquid-based cytology and immunocytochemistry. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2022; 43:502-515. [PMID: 35475413 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2070025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine malignancy that arises from the parafollicular cells (C cells) secreting calcitonin. This study summarizes our experience in the diagnosis of MTC with ultrasound-guided thyroid FNA, subsequently processed with liquid-based cytology (LBC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC). We searched our laboratory archives for thyroid FNA cases with an interpretation of positive or suspicious for MTC, during the period 2004-2018. A total of 20 cases (18 thyroid FNAs; two lymph node FNAs) were selected and included in this study. These displayed high cellularity and a discohesive pattern, with a few loose syncytial groups. There was some variation in the cell size and shape both across and within our cases. Most MTCs (n = 15) exhibited a predominant plasmacytoid/epithelioid cell morphology, whereas five of our cases showed a spindle cell pattern. Of interest, none of eight MTC microcarcinomas (≤1 cm) showed a spindle cell morphology. Amyloid was found in 11/20 cases (55%), while binucleation/multinucleation in 17/20 (85%), and nuclear pseudoinclusions in 3/20 MTC cases (15%). Nuclei exhibited a granular, "salt and pepper" chromatin in all cases. ICC was performed in 18/20 cases (90%). Calcitonin, CEA, TTF1, and Chromogranin were positive wherever applied, whereas thyroglobulin and CK19 were negative. In conclusion, ultrasound-guided thyroid FNA - processed with LBC and ICC - is a reliable modality to detect MTC preoperatively, facilitating the management of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias P Nikas
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Kazamias
- Department of Pathology, "Venizeleio-Pananeio" General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Vrontaki
- Department of Cytopathology, "Venizeleio-Pananeio" General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aleka S Rapti
- Department of Pathology, "Venizeleio-Pananeio" General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Cytopathology, "Venizeleio-Pananeio" General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Mastorakis
- Department of Cytopathology, "Venizeleio-Pananeio" General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Jung CK, Bychkov A, Song DE, Kim JH, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Keelawat S, Lai CR, Hirokawa M, Kameyama K, Kakudo K. Molecular Correlates and Nuclear Features of Encapsulated Follicular-Patterned Thyroid Neoplasms. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:123-133. [PMID: 33677934 PMCID: PMC7937839 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing nuclear features is diagnostically challenging in the aspect of thyroid pathology. The aim of this study was to determine whether pathologists could distinguish BRAF-like and RAS-like nuclear features morphologically and identify morphological features to differentiate thyroid tumors with RAS-like mutations from encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with predominant follicular growth and BRAFV600E mutation. METHODS Representative whole slide images of 16 encapsulated thyroid tumors with predominant follicular growth were reviewed by 12 thyroid pathologists using a web browser-based image viewer. Total nuclear score was calculated from semi-quantitatively scored eight nuclear features. The molecular profile of RAS and BRAF genes was determined by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Total nuclear score ranging 0 to 24 could differentiate BRAF-like tumors from RAS-like tumors with a cut-off value of score 14. The interobserver agreement was the highest for the assessment of nuclear pseudoinclusions (NPIs) but the lowest for nuclear elongation and sickle-shaped nuclei. NPIs were found in tumors with BRAFV600E mutation, but not in tumors with RAS-like mutations. Total nuclear scores were significantly higher for tumors with BRAFV600E than for those with RAS-like mutations (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that NPIs and high nuclear scores have diagnostic utility as rule-in markers for differentiating PTC with BRAFV600E mutation from benign or borderline follicular tumors with RAS-like mutations. Relaxation of rigid criteria for nuclear features resulted in an overdiagnosis of PTC. Immunostaining or molecular testing for BRAFV600E mutation is a useful adjunct for cases with high nuclear scores to identify true PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Dong Eun Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Somboon Keelawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chiung-Ru Lai
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kaori Kameyama
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kennichi Kakudo
- Department of Pathology and Thyroid Disease Center, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Japan
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Schwertheim S, Kälsch J, Jastrow H, Schaefer CM, Theurer S, Ting S, Canbay A, Wedemeyer H, Schmid KW, Baba HA. Characterization of two types of intranuclear hepatocellular inclusions in NAFLD. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16533. [PMID: 33024131 PMCID: PMC7538976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear inclusions (NI) are a common finding in hepatocytes from patients with liver disease especially in diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but studies examining the shape and content of these inclusions in detail are lacking. In this study we define two distinct types of NI in NAFLD: inclusions bounded by the nuclear membrane, containing degenerative cell organelles and heterolysosomes (type1) and inclusions with deposits of glycogen but without any kind of organelles and delimiting membrane (type2). NI in 77 paraffin-embedded patients of NAFLD including NAFL and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analyzed. In 4–12% of type1 NI immunopositivity for the autophagy-associated proteins LC3B, ubiquitin, p62/sequestosome1, cathepsin D and cathepsin B were detected with co-localizations of ubiquitin and p62; type2 NI showed no immunoreactivity. Three-dimensional reconstructions of isolated nuclei revealed that NI type1 are completely enclosed within the nucleus, suggesting that NI, although probably derived from cytoplasmic invaginations, are not just simple invaginations. Our study demonstrates two morphologically different types of inclusions in NAFLD, whereby both gained significantly in number in advanced stages. We suggest that the presence of autophagy-associated proteins and degenerated organelles within type1 NI plays a role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Schwertheim
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Kälsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Jastrow
- Institute of Anatomy and Electron Microscopy Unit of Imaging Center Essen, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Matthias Schaefer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Centre Essen (WTZE), Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo Andreas Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Compared DNA and RNA quality of breast cancer biobanking samples after long-term storage protocols in - 80 °C and liquid nitrogen. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14404. [PMID: 32873858 PMCID: PMC7462979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular investigations are crucial for further developments in precision medicine. RNA sequencing, alone or in combination with further omic-analyses, resulted in new therapeutic strategies. In this context, biobanks represent infrastructures to store tissue samples and body fluids in combination with clinical data to promote research for new predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic candidate molecules. Until today, the optimal storage conditions are a matter of debate especially with view to the storage temperature. In this unique approach we compared parallel samples from the same tumour, one half stored at - 80 °C and one half in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen, with almost identical pre-analytical conditions. We demonstrated that RNA isolated from breast cancer samples revealed significantly higher RINe-values after 10 years of storage in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen compared to storage at - 80 °C. In contrast, no significant difference was found regarding the DIN-values after DNA isolation. Morphological changes of the nucleus and cytoplasm, especially in the samples stored at - 80 °C, gave insights to degenerative effects, most possibly due to the storage protocol and its respective peculiarities. In addition, our results indicate that exact point-to point documentation beginning at the sample preparation is mandatory.
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Yu Y, Dang J, Liu X, Wang L, Li S, Zhang T, Ding X. Metal-Labeled Aptamers as Novel Nanoprobes for Imaging Mass Cytometry Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6312-6320. [PMID: 32208602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) is an emerging imaging technology that exploits the multiplexed analysis capabilities of the CyTOF mass cytometer to make spatially resolved measurements for tissue sections. In a comprehensive view of tissue composition and marker distribution, recent developments of IMC require highly sensitive, multiplexed assays. Approaching the sensitivity of the IMC technique, we designed a novel type of biocompatible metal-labeled aptamer nanoprobe (MAP), named 167Er-A10-3.2. The small molecular probe was synthesized by conjugating 167Er-polymeric pentetic acid (167Er-DTPA) with an RNA aptamer A10-3.2. For demonstration, 167Er-A10-3.2 was applied for observing protein spatial distribution on prostatic epithelium cell of paraffin embedded Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PaC) tissue sections by IMC technology. The 167Er-A10-3.2 capitalizes on the ability of the aptamer to specifically bind target cancer cells as well as the small size of 167Er-A10-3.2 can accommodate multiple aptamer binding antigen labeled at high density. The detection signal of 167Er-A10-3.2 probe was 3-fold higher than that of PSMA antibody probe for a targeted cell under lower temperature epitope retrieval (37 °C) of PaC tissue. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated the simultaneously staining ability of aptamer probes in IMC analysis. The successful imaging acquisition using aptamers probes in IMC technology may offer opportunity for the diagnosis of malignancies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Yu
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jingqi Dang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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The in silico characterization of neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC) and its evolution from GANAB. Gene X 2020; 726:144192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Schwertheim S, Theurer S, Jastrow H, Herold T, Ting S, Westerwick D, Bertram S, Schaefer CM, Kälsch J, Baba HA, Schmid KW. New insights into intranuclear inclusions in thyroid carcinoma: Association with autophagy and with BRAFV600E mutation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226199. [PMID: 31841566 PMCID: PMC6913918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intranuclear inclusions (NI) in normal and neoplastic tissues have been known for years, representing one of the diagnostic criteria for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). BRAF activation is involved among others in autophagy. NI in hepatocellular carcinoma contain autophagy-associated proteins. Our aim was to clarify if NI in thyroid carcinoma (TC) have a biological function. Methods NI in 107 paraffin-embedded specimens of TC including all major subtypes were analyzed. We considered an inclusion as positive if it was delimited by a lamin AC (nuclear membrane marker) stained intact membrane and completely closed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and 3D reconstruction were performed to investigate content and shape of NI; BRAFV600E mutation was analyzed by next generation sequencing. Results In 29% of the TCs at least one lamin AC positive intranuclear inclusion was detected; most frequently (76%) in PTCs. TEM analyses revealed degenerated organelles and heterolysosomes within such NI; 3D reconstruction of IF stained nuclei confirmed complete closure by the nuclear membrane without any contact to the cytoplasm. NI were positively stained for the autophagy-associated proteins LC3B, ubiquitin, cathepsin D, p62/sequestosome1 and cathepsin B in 14–29% of the cases. Double-IF revealed co-localization of LC3B & ubiquitin, p62 & ubiquitin and LC3B & p62 in the same NI. BRAFV600E mutation, exclusively detected in PTCs, was significantly associated with the number of NI/PTC (p = 0.042) and with immunoreactivity for autophagy-associated proteins in the NI (p≤0.035). BRAF-IHC revealed that some of these BRAF-positive thyrocytes contained mutant BRAF in their NI co-localized with autophagy-associated proteins. Conclusions NI are completely delimited by nuclear membrane in TC. The presence of autophagy-associated proteins within the NI together with degenerated organelles and lysosomal proteases suggests their involvement in autophagy and proteolysis. Whether and how BRAFV600E protein is degraded in NI needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Schwertheim
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (HAB); (SS)
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Jastrow
- Institute of Anatomy and Electron Microscopy Unit of Imaging Center Essen, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Westerwick
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bertram
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph M. Schaefer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Kälsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo A. Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (HAB); (SS)
| | - Kurt W. Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Donizy P, Kaczorowski M, Biecek P, Halon A, Matkowski R. Nuclear pseudoinclusions in melanoma cells: prognostic fact or artifact? The possible role of Golgi phosphoprotein 3 overexpression in nuclear pseudoinclusions generation. Pathol Int 2018; 68:117-122. [PMID: 29377340 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear pseudoinclusions (NPIs) are classically found in papillary thyroid carcinoma and meningioma. Although NPIs have been described in melanocytic lesions, there is no systematic analysis of potential relationship between NPIs and other clinicopathological characteristics of melanoma. We examined the presence of NPIs in H&E-stained tissue sections form 96 melanomas and analyzed statistical associations with important clinicopathological parameters and tissue immunoreactivity for selected proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (SPARC, N-cadherin), cell adhesion and mobility (ALCAM, ADAM-10), regulation of mitosis (PLK1), cell survival (FOXP1) and functioning of Golgi apparatus (GOLPH3, GP73). NPIs were observed in 20% of melanomas and their presence correlated with high mitotic rate and ulceration of the tumor, but not with Breslow thickness, histologic type, or presence of metastases. We observed a significant correlation with shorter cancer-specific survival, but not disease-free survival. Presence of NPIs was related to high expression of GOLPH3 in melanoma cells, whereas their absence was linked to enhanced immunoreactivity of GOLPH3 in tumor-associated macrophages. NPIs are not an uncommon finding in skin melanoma and their diagnostic and prognostic utility could be helpful in the daily routine histopathological practice. The possible explanation of NPI generation is associated with enhanced activity of Golgi apparatus in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Donizy
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kaczorowski
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Halon
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Matkowski
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, pl. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland.,Lower Silesian Cancer Center, pl. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Silvestri S, Lepri E, Dall'Aglio C, Marchesi MC, Vitellozzi G. Nuclear Glycogen Inclusions in Canine Parietal Cells. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:520-526. [PMID: 28113038 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816688944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear glycogen inclusions occur infrequently in pathologic conditions but also in normal human and animal tissues. Their function or significance is unclear. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports of nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells exist. After initial observations of nuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions during routine histopathology, the authors retrospectively examined samples of gastric mucosa from dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs for the presence of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions and determined their composition using histologic and electron-microscopic methods. In 24 of 108 cases (22%), the authors observed various numbers of intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions within scattered parietal cells. Nuclei were characterized by marked karyomegaly and chromatin margination around a central optically empty or slightly eosinophilic area. The intranuclear inclusions/pseudoinclusions stained positive with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and were diastase sensitive, consistent with glycogen. Several PAS-positive/diastase-sensitive sections were further examined by transmission electron microscopy, also using periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining to identify polysaccharides. Ultrastructurally, the nuclear inclusions were composed of electron-dense particles that were not membrane bound, without evidence of nuclear membrane invaginations or cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclei, and positive staining with PA-TCH-SP, confirming a glycogen composition. No cytoplasmic glycogen deposits were observed, suggesting that the intranuclear glycogen inclusions were probably synthesized in loco. Nuclear glycogen inclusions were not associated with gastritis or colonization by Helicobacter-like organisms ( P > .05). Our findings suggest that nuclear glycogen inclusions in canine parietal cells could be an incidental finding. Nevertheless, since nuclear glycogen is present in several pathologic conditions, further investigations could be warranted to determine their true significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Silvestri
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Lepri
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Dall'Aglio
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M C Marchesi
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Vitellozzi
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
Chromatophoromas are neoplasms arising from pigment-bearing cells (chromatophores) of the dermis. While isolated cases have been reported in the literature, the prevalence and biological behavior of chromatophoromas in snakes are unknown. Forty-two chromatophoromas were identified among 4663 submissions (0.9%) to a private diagnostic laboratory in a 16-year period. The most commonly affected snakes were colubrids (23 cases, 55%) and vipers (8 cases, 19%). The San Francisco garter snake was the most commonly affected species (6 cases; 14% of all affected snake species and 3.7% of all garter snake submissions). No sex predilection was found. The age of 28 snakes ranged from 5 to 27 years. Single cutaneous chromatophoromas were most commonly observed and presented as pigmented cutaneous masses or plaques along any body segment. Euthanasia or death due to progressive neoplastic disease or metastasis was reported in 8 (19%) and 4 (10%) cases, respectively. The survival time of 4 animals ranged from 4 to 36 months. Microscopically, xanthophoromas, iridophoromas, melanocytic neoplasms, and mixed chromatophoromas were identified, with melanocytic neoplasms being most common. Microscopic examination alone was generally sufficient for the diagnosis of chromatophoroma, but immunohistochemistry for S-100 and PNL-2 may be helpful for diagnosing poorly pigmented cases. Moderate to marked nuclear atypia appears to be consistently present in cutaneous chromatophoromas with a high risk of metastasis, while mitotic count, lymphatic invasion, the level of infiltration, and the degree of pigmentation or ulceration were not reliable predictors of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Muñoz-Gutiérrez
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | | | - M Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Romanucci M, Malatesta D, Berardi I, Pugliese G, Fusco D, Della Salda L. Cytological, histological and ultrastructural nuclear features of monster cells in a canine carotid body carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:57-62. [PMID: 24811273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old female Shih-tzu dog was presented with severe dyspnoea. A large mass was palpated in the left cranial neck. Cytological examination of an aspirate sample revealed cells with marked anisokaryosis, giant elements and many bare nuclei. Scattered intact giant cells showed scant, granular cytoplasm and intranuclear inclusions. Histologically, neoplastic cells were subdivided into lobules by fine collagenous trabeculae. Numerous pleomorphic giant, or 'monster', cells were observed, showing a highly indented nuclear envelope, intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudoinclusions (ICPs) and 'ground-glass' nuclear appearance. Neoplastic emboli were present, but no distant metastases were detected grossly. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed synaptophysin and had variable expression of neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. The cells were negative for pan-cytokeratin, CAM 5.2, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100. Nuclear abnormalities and cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules were noted ultrastructurally. These features were consistent with a diagnosis of carotid body carcinoma (chemodectoma). Monster cells with ICPs have not been documented previously in canine chemodectoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Romanucci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - D Malatesta
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - I Berardi
- Veterinary Practitioner, Montesilvano, Pescara, Italy
| | - G Pugliese
- Veterinary Practitioner, Montesilvano, Pescara, Italy
| | - D Fusco
- Veterinary Practitioner, Montesilvano, Pescara, Italy
| | - L Della Salda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
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Bussolati G, Maletta F, Asioli S, Annaratone L, Sapino A, Marchiò C. "To be or not to be in a good shape": diagnostic and clinical value of nuclear shape irregularities in thyroid and breast cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:101-21. [PMID: 24563345 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Variation in both nuclear shape and size ("pleomorphism"), coupled with changes in chromatin amount and distribution, remains the basic criteria for microscopy in a cytologic diagnosis of cancer. The biological determinants of nuclear shape irregularities are not clarified, so, rather than on the genesis of nuclear irregularities, we here focus our attention on a descriptive analysis of nuclear pleomorphism. We keep in mind that evaluation of nuclear shape as currently practiced in routine preparations is improper because it is indirectly based on the distribution of DNA as revealed by the affinity for basic dyes. Therefore, over the last years we have been using as criteria morphological features of nuclei of thyroid and breast carcinomas as determined by immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and 3D reconstruction. We have translated this approach to routine diagnostic pathology on tissue sections by employing immunoperoxidase staining for emerin. Direct detection of nuclear envelope irregularities by tagging nuclear membrane proteins such as lamin B and emerin has resulted in a more objective definition of the shape of the nucleus. In this review we discuss in detail methodological issues as well as diagnostic and prognostic implications provided by decoration/staining of the nuclear envelope in both thyroid and breast cancer, thus demonstrating how much it matters "to be in the right shape" when dealing with pathological diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Bussolati
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy,
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Kobayashi S, Tsuta K, Sekine S, Yoshida A, Sasaki N, Shibuki Y, Sakurai H, Watanabe SI, Asamura H, Tsuda H. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors with nuclear inclusion. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:574-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gruber-Dujardin E, Jurczynski K, Kaup FJ, Mätz-Rensing K. Oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma in a putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) with hyperadrenocorticism. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:509-13. [PMID: 23746483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oncocytic adrenocortical tumours are rare in man and have never been described in non-human primates. An oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma was identified in an 18-year-old female putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) with hyperadrenocorticism and invasive aspergillosis. Microscopically, the tumour consisted of large cells with abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm containing numerous mitochondria as identified by electron microscopy. Tumour cells had large nuclei with occasional intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudoinclusions. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells expressed vimentin, synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase, while they were negative for cytokeratin, chromogranin-A, melan-A and S100.
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