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Yadav R, Kumari L, Goel S, Kaur D, Dahiya D, Kumar Y, Dey P, Bhatia A. Touch imprint smear: A prerequisite to obtain better quality and "true" tumor RNA in breast tissues. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154581. [PMID: 37267722 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA is the primary genetic material required for various molecular studies. RNA derived from breast tissue has low quality and quantity compared to that extracted from other tissues. Therefore, optimization of techniques for breast tissue RNA extraction is a challenging but essential requirement. METHODS RNA was extracted from 60 samples of breast cancer after dividing them into 2 groups. Each tissue was divided into 2 halves for RNA extraction and histopathology respectively. In group 2 RNA was extracted after taking touch imprints whereas group1 was not subjected to any such procedure. Concentration and purity of RNA was assessed by using spectrophotometer and 1% agarose gel followed by RT-PCR for 18 S rRNA and CCND1 gene. RESULTS Based on microscopic observations of imprints, group 2 samples were further subdivided into 2 subgroups. Group 2 A (n = 30) showing tumor in imprint smears were found to yield best concentration of pure RNA (1846.50 ng/µl and 1.92) as compared to group 2B (n = 15) with no malignancy in imprints (102.61 ng/µl and 1.53). The correlation of imprint smears with their corresponding H&E-stained slides further leads to grouping of each group in 2 groups. RT-PCR analyses showed better melting peaks and high relative expression of CCND1 in group 2 A. CONCLUSION Touch imprints may provide valuable information regarding presence or absence of tumor in tissue samples being used for extraction of genetic material. This approach can be used as easy, cheap and fast strategy to resolve the doubts associated with RNA being truly representative of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, India
| | - Laxmi Kumari
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, India
| | | | - Deepinder Kaur
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, India
| | | | | | - Pranab Dey
- Department of Cytology and Gynaecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, India.
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Scarini JF, de Lima-Souza RA, Lavareze L, Ribeiro de Assis MCF, Damas II, Altemani A, Egal ESA, dos Santos JN, Bello IO, Mariano FV. Heterogeneity and versatility of the extracellular matrix during the transition from pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: cumulative findings from basic research and new insights. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:942604. [PMID: 37138857 PMCID: PMC10149834 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.942604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor, accounting for 50%-60% of these neoplasms. If untreated, 6.2% of PA may undergo malignant transformation to carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). CXPA is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor, whose prevalence represents approximately 3%-6% of all salivary gland tumors. Although the pathogenesis of the PA-CXPA transition remains unclear, CXPA development requires the participation of cellular components and the tumor microenvironment for its progression. The extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises a heterogeneous and versatile network of macromolecules synthesized and secreted by embryonic cells. In the PA-CXPA sequence, ECM is formed by a variety of components including collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and other glycoproteins, mainly secreted by epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Like in other tumors including breast cancer, ECM changes play an important role in the PA-CXPA sequence. This review summarizes what is currently known about the role of ECM during CXPA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Figueira Scarini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lavareze
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Falcão Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Iara Damas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Biorepository and Molecular Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jean Nunes dos Santos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ibrahim Olajide Bello
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Correspondence: Fernanda Viviane Mariano
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Porcheri C, Meisel CT, Mitsiadis TA. Molecular and Cellular Modelling of Salivary Gland Tumors Open New Landscapes in Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3107. [PMID: 33114321 PMCID: PMC7690880 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are neoplasms affecting the major and minor salivary glands of the oral cavity. Their complex pathological appearance and overlapping morphological features between subtypes, pose major challenges in the identification, classification, and staging of the tumor. Recently developed techniques of three-dimensional culture and organotypic modelling provide useful platforms for the clinical and biological characterization of these malignancies. Additionally, new advances in genetic and molecular screenings allow precise diagnosis and monitoring of tumor progression. Finally, novel therapeutic tools with increased efficiency and accuracy are emerging. In this review, we summarize the most common salivary gland neoplasms and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art tools to model, diagnose, and treat salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Porcheri
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.T.M.); (T.A.M.)
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Scarini JF, Rosa LF, Souza RADL, Egal ESA, Tincani AJ, Martins AS, Kowalski LP, Graner E, Coletta RD, Carlos R, Gondak RDO, de Almeida OP, Altemani AMDAM, Bastos DC, Mariano FV. Gene and immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, FASN, and adipophilin in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma development. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1190-1199. [PMID: 32180291 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the gene and immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, FASN, and adipophilin in normal salivary gland (NSG), pleomorphic adenoma (PA), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS The gene expression was investigated by the real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method in 9 samples of frozen tissues of normal salivary gland, 13 PA, and 10 CXPA. We validated the reactions by immunohistochemistry on 20 samples from NSG, 85 PA, and 44 CXPA. RESULTS Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in HIF-1α gene and immunohistochemistry expression among the tissues studied while FASN gene and immunohistochemistry expression increased along the carcinogenesis of the PA. GLUT-1 was significantly more expressed in tumor tissues (PA and CXPA), although protein is mainly expressed in transformed cells than in PA and NSG. In contrast, adipophilin was significantly more expressed in NSG while the expression of the protein increased in PA and CXPA. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the data presented here suggest that neoplastic cells reprogram the expression of GLUT-1 and adipophilin to adapt to the tumor microenvironment and reinforce, through immunohistochemical results, a possible transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms that act on the expression of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alfio José Tincani
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences/UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School/UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Roman Carlos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory, Head and Neck Clinical Center, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Okano K, Ishida M, Sandoh K, Fujisawa T, Iwai H, Tsuta K. Cytological features of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands: A diagnostic challenge. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 48:149-153. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiaki Okano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Kaori Sandoh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Takuo Fujisawa
- Department of OtolaryngologyKansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwai
- Department of OtolaryngologyKansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKansai Medical University Osaka Japan
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Zhang P, Tang LJ, Gao HH, Zhang WX, Lin JX, Yang HS. Immunohistochemical features of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and pleomorphic adenoma in the lacrimal gland. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1238-1242. [PMID: 31456912 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate C-myc, Ki-67, pan-cytokeratin, and vimentin immunohistochemical features of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca-ex-PA) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in the lacrimal gland in order to find some clues in the differential diagnosis between them. METHODS We reviewed microscopic slides and clinical records of 64 cases of PA and 15 cases of Ca-ex-PA in the lacrimal gland. Immunohistochemical antibodies for C-myc, Ki-67, pan-cytokeratin, and vimentin were employed. RESULTS Median age of PA was 43.2y (from 21 to 75). The 35 patients (54.7%) were male and 29 patients (45.3%) were female. For the PAs, the average positivity of C-myc was 4.6%; the average proliferation index of Ki-67 was 3.2%; pan-cytokeratin was positive in ductal cells, and vimentin was positive in myoepithelial cells. Median age of Ca-ex-PA was 54.3y (from 26 to 76). There were 7 male patients (46.7%) and 8 female patients (53.3%). Among 15 Ca-ex-PAs, there were 6 myoepithelial carcinomas, 4 adenocarcinomas, 3 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas, and 2 squamous cell carcinomas. For the Ca-ex-PAs, the average positivity of C-myc was 36.4%; the average proliferation index of Ki-67 was 29.2%; pan-cytokeratin was positive in all cases, and vimentin was positive in myoepithelial carcinomas. CONCLUSION PA has a lower positivity of C-myc and Ki-67, while Ca-ex-PA had a higher positivity of these two biomarkers. These four biomarkers as a set could provide valuable clues in the differential diagnosis between Ca-ex-PA and PA. Our results indicate that the activation of C-myc could play an important role in the pathogenesis of Ca-ex-PA and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Ocular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Tang
- Department of Ocular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huan-Huan Gao
- Department of Ocular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Xin Zhang
- Department of Ocular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Ocular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Sheng Yang
- Department of Orbital Disease and Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
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