Abstract
BACKGROUND
In addition to histological examinations, cytological samples are also being evaluated with increasing frequency for the diagnosis of lung carcinoma.
OBJECTIVES
Possible applications of and techniques for cytological examinations are presented. Typical morphologies of primary lung cancer and metastatic disease are shown.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Samples were obtained during bronchoscopy, serous effusion fluid, and fine-needle aspiration cytology. Special technical features of the cytological samples are discussed. Cytomorphology of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, and small-cell lung carcinoma are shown.
RESULTS
There are clear-cut diagnostic criteria for the main subtypes of primary lung carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Cytological examination is a valuable addition to histology for lung carcinoma diagnostics.
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