Tissue Pathogens and Cancers: A Review of Commonly Seen Manifestations in Histo- and Cytopathology

Tissue pathogens are commonly encountered in histopathology and cytology practice, where they can present as either benign mimickers of malignancy or true malignancies. The aim of this review is to provide a timely synthesis of our understanding of these tissue pathogens, with an emphasis on pertinent diagnostic conundrums associated with the benign mimickers of malignancy that can be seen with viral infections and those which manifest as granulomas. The oncogenic pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, are then discussed with relationship to their associated malignancies. Although not exhaustive, the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and histological findings are included, along with a short review of emerging therapies.

Synthesis and Antiviral Properties of 1-Substituted 3-[ω-(4-Oxoquinazolin-4(3H)-yl)alkyl]uracil Derivatives

A series of uracil derivatives containing a 4-oxoquinazoline fragment bound to the nitrogen atom N3 of the pyrimidine ring by a short methylene bridge was synthesized to search for new antiviral agents. Some compounds in this series are shown to exhibit high inhibitory activity against human cytomegalovirus and the varicella zoster virus in a HEL cell culture.

Evaluation of multiple screening methods for cervical cancers in rural areas of Xinjiang, China

This study is to evaluate the screening methods of cervical cancers for rural females in Kash bachu, Xinjiang, China.A total number of 3000 married females were surveyed, and subjected to the gynecological examination. In these subjects, 1993 females received the careHPV (human papillomavirus) test, while 1007 females underwent the visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI). The subjects positive for careHPV detection were subjected to Cervista, Cobas 4800, and Aptima HPV detection, and Thinprep Cytologic Test (TCT). The subjects positive for 1 detection only received colposcopy cervical biopsy.A total of 569 subjects received the cervical biopsy, and the positive rate was 2.3% (69/3000), while the detection rate for CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) II and above levels was 1.13% (34/3000). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that, the area under the curve (AUC) value for the careHPV test was 0.671, which was higher than the VIA/VILI (0.619), suggesting higher diagnostic value for the careHPV test. For the Cervista, Cobas 4800, Aptima HPV detection, and TCT methods, the highest AUC value was observed for the TCT method, indicating that the TCT method is the most valuable for the cervical cancer screening.The diagnostic value of careHPV test is superior to the VIA/VILA detection method. The TCT method has the greatest value for the cervical cancer screening. The Cervista HPV detection method should be considered where the conditions are limited.