Fujii S, Kagechika H. Androgen receptor modulators: a review of recent patents and reports (2012-2018).
Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019;
29:439-453. [PMID:
31092069 DOI:
10.1080/13543776.2019.1618831]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Androgen receptor (AR) is one of the most promising targets of drug discovery because of its importance in male reproductive systems and homeostasis of bone and muscle. Various AR-modulating agents have been developed and used clinically to treat androgen-dependent disorders, including prostate cancer, and some new-generation antiandrogens have recently been approved. Intensive studies are underway to develop various AR-modulating compounds, including conventional antagonists, tissue-specific AR modulators (SARMs), degraders, and nonconventional AR-modulating compounds that target sites other than the ligand-binding domain (LBD), such as the N-terminal domain (NTD) or the DNA-binding domain (DBD).
AREAS COVERED
The authors provide an overview of AR-modulating agents from 2012 to 2018.
EXPERT OPINION
The LBD has been the primary target for AR modulation, and important AR-modulating agents, including SARMs and recently approved antiandrogens such as enzalutamide and apalutamide, have been developed as conventional LBD antagonists. Development of LBD-targeting antiandrogens to treat prostate cancer is a kind of cat-and-mouse game between clinical agents and AR mutations, and therefore next-generation antiandrogens are still required. Development of nonconventional AR-modulating agents targeting NTD and DBD, is likely to be a promising approach to develop multiple and synergistic strategies able to overcome any kind of androgen-dependent condition.
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