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Sarena P, Sharma A, Urmera MT, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Taliyan R, Goyal R. Chronic Light-Distorted Glutamate-Cortisol Signaling, Behavioral and Histological Markers, and Induced Oxidative Stress and Dementia: An Amelioration by Melatonin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1604-1614. [PMID: 35549002 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to investigate the induction of circadian rhythm dysfunction and dementia upon chronic exposure to light-light and its reversal by melatonin in Wistar rats. Animals underwent different light-dark conditions, viz., light/dark (LD), light/light (LL), and dark/dark (DD) in respective groups for 4 months. Melatonin 0.5 mg/kg s.c., dextromethorphan 50 μg/100 g s.c., and mifepristone 25 μg/100 g s.c. were given once a day. Chronic LL and DD conditions significantly increased brain glutamate and cortisol levels. The LL period caused a deficit in spatial memory, working memory, decision making, and exploration of novel objects, compared to LD animals. A significant (p < 0.05) change in neuropathological observations in the hippocampus, CA1, CA2, and CA3; cortex; and cerebellum regions (40×, 100×, and 400×) was observed in the histological study. Induced oxidative stress in brain tissue was also observed by estimating tissue glutathione and TBARS levels. Dextromethorphan (NMDA antagonist), mifepristone (corticosterone antagonist), and melatonin significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the pathological states caused due to LL. The histological features in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum region revealed inflammatory cells, vacuolation, and pyknotic cells, which were significantly rescued by antagonizing NMDA or cortisol or melatonin treatment. It may be concluded that continuous exposure to light-light conditions produced an imbalance between neuronal excitation and stress hormone, leading to poor cognitive abilities and neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sarena
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173 212, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173 212, India
| | - Maiko T. Urmera
- Institute on Aging and Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County, Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333301, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173 212, India
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