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Erekat NS. Apoptosis and its therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Clin Anat 2021; 35:65-78. [PMID: 34558138 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by progressive loss of particular populations of neurons. Apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we focus on the existing notions relevant to comprehending the apoptotic death process, including the morphological features, mediators and regulators of cellular apoptosis. We also highlight the evidence of neuronal apoptotic death in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, we present evidence of potential therapeutic agents that could modify the apoptotic pathway in the aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases and delay disease progression. Finally, we review the clinical trials that were conducted to evaluate the use of anti-apoptotic drugs in the treatment of the aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases, in order to highlight the essential need for early detection and intervention of neurodegenerative diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Jakubowska MA, Kerkhofs M, Martines C, Efremov DG, Gerasimenko JV, Gerasimenko OV, Petersen OH, Bultynck G, Vervliet T, Ferdek PE. ABT-199 (Venetoclax), a BH3-mimetic Bcl-2 inhibitor, does not cause Ca 2+ -signalling dysregulation or toxicity in pancreatic acinar cells. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:4402-4415. [PMID: 30266036 PMCID: PMC6887725 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many cancer cells depend on anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins for their survival. Bcl-2 antagonism through Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) mimetics has emerged as a novel anti-cancer therapy. ABT-199 (Venetoclax), a recently developed BH3 mimetic that selectively inhibits Bcl-2, was introduced into the clinic for treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Early generations of Bcl-2 inhibitors evoked sustained Ca2+ responses in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) inducing cell death. Therefore, BH3 mimetics could potentially be toxic for the pancreas when used to treat cancer. Although ABT-199 was shown to kill Bcl-2-dependent cancer cells without affecting intracellular Ca2+ signalling, its effects on PACs have not yet been determined. Hence, it is essential and timely to assess whether this recently approved anti-leukaemic drug might potentially have pancreatotoxic effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Single-cell Ca2+ measurements and cell death analysis were performed on isolated mouse PACs. KEY RESULTS Inhibition of Bcl-2 via ABT-199 did not elicit intracellular Ca2+ signalling on its own or potentiate Ca2+ signalling induced by physiological/pathophysiological stimuli in PACs. Although ABT-199 did not affect cell death in PACs, under conditions that killed ABT-199-sensitive cancer cells, cytosolic Ca2+ extrusion was slightly enhanced in the presence of ABT-199. In contrast, inhibition of Bcl-xL potentiated pathophysiological Ca2+ responses in PACs, without exacerbating cell death. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that apart from having a modest effect on cytosolic Ca2+ extrusion, ABT-199 does not substantially alter intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in normal PACs and should be safe for the pancreas during cancer treatment. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Jakubowska
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA), Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudio Martines
- Molecular Hematology Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Julia V Gerasimenko
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Oleg V Gerasimenko
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ole H Petersen
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pawel E Ferdek
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Chen CY, Lin WC, Wong KL, Cheng KS, Leung YM, Yang SE. Gossypol stimulates opening of a Ca2+
- and Na+
-permeable but Ni2+
- and Co2+
-impermeable pore in bEND.3 endothelial cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:788-796. [PMID: 29498086 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cing-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ka-Shun Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology; The Qingdao University Yuhuangding Hospital; Yantai Shandong China
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Shu-Er Yang
- Department of Beauty Science and Graduate Institute of Beauty Science and Technology; Chienkuo Technology University; Changhua Taiwan
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Kerkhofs M, Bittremieux M, Morciano G, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Emerging molecular mechanisms in chemotherapy: Ca 2+ signaling at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:334. [PMID: 29491433 PMCID: PMC5832420 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inter-organellar communication often takes the form of Ca2+ signals. These Ca2+ signals originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulate different cellular processes like metabolism, fertilization, migration, and cell fate. A prime target for Ca2+ signals are the mitochondria. ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer is possible through the existence of mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), ER structures that are in the proximity of the mitochondria. This creates a micro-domain in which the Ca2+ concentrations are manifold higher than in the cytosol, allowing for rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. In the mitochondria, the Ca2+ signal is decoded differentially depending on its spatiotemporal characteristics. While Ca2+ oscillations stimulate metabolism and constitute pro-survival signaling, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload results in apoptosis. Many chemotherapeutics depend on efficient ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling to exert their function. However, several oncogenes and tumor suppressors present in the MAMs can alter Ca2+ signaling in cancer cells, rendering chemotherapeutics ineffective. In this review, we will discuss recent studies that connect ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer, tumor suppressors and oncogenes at the MAMs, and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Kerkhofs
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Jan B Parys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium.
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