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Khadiri M, Boubaker H, Laasli SE, Farhaoui A, Ezrari S, Radouane N, Radi M, Askarne L, Barka EA, Lahlali R. Unlocking Nature's Secrets: Molecular Insights into Postharvest Pathogens Impacting Moroccan Apples and Innovations in the Assessment of Storage Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:553. [PMID: 38498518 PMCID: PMC10891559 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Apple production holds a prominent position in Morocco's Rosaceae family. However, annual production can fluctuate due to substantial losses caused by fungal diseases affecting stored apples. Our findings emphasize that the pre-storage treatment of apples, disinfection of storage facilities, box type, and fruit sorting are pivotal factors affecting apple losses during storage. Additionally, the adopted preservation technique was significantly correlated with the percentage of damage caused by fungal infections. Blue mold accounts for nearly three-quarters of the diseases detected, followed by gray rot with a relatively significant incidence. This study has revealed several fungal diseases affecting stored apples caused by pathogens such as Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Trichothecium roseum, Fusarium avenaceum, Cadophora malorum, and Neofabraea vagabunda. Notably, these last two fungal species have been reported for the first time in Morocco as pathogens of stored apples. These data affirm that the high losses of apples in Morocco, attributed primarily to P. expansum and B. cinerea, pose a significant threat in terms of reduced production and diminished fruit quality. Hence, adopting controlled atmosphere storage chambers and implementing good practices before apple storage is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khadiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Protection des Végétaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zhor, BP 8106, Agadir 80000, Morocco; (H.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Hassan Boubaker
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Protection des Végétaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zhor, BP 8106, Agadir 80000, Morocco; (H.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Salah-Eddine Laasli
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Abdelaaziz Farhaoui
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio-Resources (BioVaR), Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Said Ezrari
- Microbiology Unit, Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Oujda, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Nabil Radouane
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Radi
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
- Laboratory of Environment and Valorization of Microbial and Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Latifa Askarne
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Protection des Végétaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zhor, BP 8106, Agadir 80000, Morocco; (H.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Induced Resistance and Plant Biosection Research Unit-EA 4707-USC INRAE1488, Reims Cham-pagne-Ardenne University, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
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Mendogralo EY, Nesterova LY, Nasibullina ER, Shcherbakov RO, Myasnikov DA, Tkachenko AG, Sidorov RY, Uchuskin MG. Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities, and Molecular Docking Investigations of 2-(1 H-Indol-3-yl)-1 H-benzo[ d]imidazole Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:7095. [PMID: 37894573 PMCID: PMC10609029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of many bacterial and fungal infections remains a problem due to increasing antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation by pathogens. In the present article, a methodology for the chemoselective synthesis of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives is presented. We report on the antimicrobial activity of synthesized 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles with significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), Mycobacterium smegmatis (mc(2)155/ATCC 700084), and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. High activity against staphylococci was shown by indolylbenzo[d]imidazoles 3ao and 3aq (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) < 1 µg/mL) and 3aa and 3ad (MIC 3.9-7.8 µg/mL). A low MIC was demonstrated by 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (3ag) against M. smegmatis and against C. albicans (3.9 µg/mL and 3.9 µg/mL, respectively). 2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (3aq) showed a low MIC of 3.9 µg/mL against C. albicans. Compounds 3aa, 3ad, 3ao, and 3aq exhibited excellent antibiofilm activity, inhibiting biofilm formation and killing cells in mature biofilms. Molecular docking analysis identified three potential interaction models for the investigated compounds, implicating (p)ppGpp synthetases/hydrolases, FtsZ proteins, or pyruvate kinases in their antibacterial action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y. Mendogralo
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia; (E.R.N.); (R.O.S.); (D.A.M.); (R.Y.S.); (M.G.U.)
| | - Larisa Y. Nesterova
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia; (L.Y.N.); (A.G.T.)
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, The Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | - Ekaterina R. Nasibullina
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia; (E.R.N.); (R.O.S.); (D.A.M.); (R.Y.S.); (M.G.U.)
| | - Roman O. Shcherbakov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia; (E.R.N.); (R.O.S.); (D.A.M.); (R.Y.S.); (M.G.U.)
| | - Danil A. Myasnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia; (E.R.N.); (R.O.S.); (D.A.M.); (R.Y.S.); (M.G.U.)
| | - Alexander G. Tkachenko
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia; (L.Y.N.); (A.G.T.)
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, The Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | - Roman Y. Sidorov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia; (E.R.N.); (R.O.S.); (D.A.M.); (R.Y.S.); (M.G.U.)
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, The Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | - Maxim G. Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia; (E.R.N.); (R.O.S.); (D.A.M.); (R.Y.S.); (M.G.U.)
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Hernandez SR, Davis DB, Credille BC, Tucker JJ, Stewart RL. Assessment of effectiveness of deworming options in recently weaned beef cattle utilizing different anthelmintic programs in the southeast. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac148. [PMID: 36479383 PMCID: PMC9721382 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of three different anthelmintic strategies on animal performance and anthelmintic effectiveness in weaned calves during a 42-d preconditioning period. The study was conducted at four locations over 2 yr and included a total of 797 recently weaned spring-born calves (initial BW 260 ± 37.7 kg). At the start of each year, at each location, calves were weaned and randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) oxfendazole (ORAL); 2) transdermal eprinomectin (POUR); 3) both anthelmintic treatments (BOTH); and 4) the control (CONT) group who did not receive treatment. Anthelmintic was applied per the manufacturer recommendation, the transdermal eprinomectin was administered at 1 mL per 10 kg and oxfendazole was administered orally at 1 mL per 50 kg. Weights were measured at the start of the study (day 0) and again at the end of the preconditioning phase (day 42). Fecal samples were collected at the start of the study prior to treatment application (day 0) and again on day 14. Rumen fluid was collected at the start of the study prior to treatment (day 0) and again on day 6. There were treatment effects for all performance metrics (P < 0.001). All treatments had greater weight gain and value of weight gained (P < 0.024), and all three strategies did not differ from each other (P > 0.420). On day 0, there were no (P = 0.795) treatment effects detected for fecal eggs per gram (EPG) counts. On day 14, there were (P < 0.001) treatment effects for EPG counts with feces from CONT calves containing greater (P < 0.014) EPG than feces from treated calves. EPG in feces from BOTH calves did not differ (P > 0.123) from the other two treated groups and feces from POUR calves tended (P = 0.052) to contain greater EPG counts than feces from ORAL calves. Volatile fatty acids were similar across treatments on days 0 and 6 (P > 0.115). Butyrate tended (P = 0.063) to be lower in ORAL on day 6. These results suggest that using eprinomectin and oxfendazole in combination was an effective strategy for reducing EPG and improving performance during a 42-d preconditioning phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dylan B Davis
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brent C Credille
- Department of Population Health, Food Animal Health and Management Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jennifer J Tucker
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Robert Lawton Stewart
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Khan SA, Ali M, Latif A, Ahmad M, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Mercaptobenzimidazole-Based 1,3-Thaizolidin-4-ones as Antidiabetic Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28041-28051. [PMID: 35990459 PMCID: PMC9386811 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this research work, we have focused our efforts to synthesize a series of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole-based 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones (5-24) following a multistep reaction strategy and characterization of the synthesized derivatives with the help of various spectroscopic techniques. To find the antidiabetic potentials of the synthesized compounds (5-24), in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity was performed using acarbose (IC50 = 873 ± 1.2 μM) as the reference standard. The results of the antidiabetic assay were very encouraging because compounds 5, 8, and 14 showed excellent inhibitions with IC50 values of 5.22 ± 0.14, 5.69 ± 0.10, and 10.20 ± 0.12 μM, respectively. The experimental results of anti-alpha-glucosidase activity prompted us to investigate and propose a possible mechanism of how the active molecules will interact with the target enzyme. For this purpose, molecular docking with the AutoDock Vina (an open-source and reliable docking platform) gave us an insight into the binding interactions of the active compounds to different amino acid residues of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Ali Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- UoN
Chair of Oman’s Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate
of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- UoN
Chair of Oman’s Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate
of Oman
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Antimicrobial Properties of Lysostaphin in Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020125. [PMID: 35203727 PMCID: PMC8868216 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative transcriptome analysis and de novo short-read assembly of S. aureus Newman strains revealed significant transcriptional changes in response to the exposure to triple-acting staphylolytic peptidoglycan hydrolase (PGH) 1801. Most altered transcriptions were associated with the membrane, cell wall, and related genes, including amidase, peptidase, holin, and phospholipase D/transphosphatidylase. The differential expression of genes obtained from RNA-seq was confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Moreover, some of these gene expression changes were consistent with the observed structural perturbations at the DNA and RNA levels. These structural changes in the genes encoding membrane/cell surface proteins and altered gene expressions are the candidates for resistance to these novel antimicrobials. The findings in this study could provide insight into the design of new antimicrobial agents.
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Khan MT, Nadeem H, Khan AU, Abbas M, Arif M, Malik NS, Malik Z, Javed I. Amino acid conjugates of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole provide better anti-inflammatory pharmacology and improved toxicity profile. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:1057-1072. [PMID: 32780491 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole is an important pharmacophore for clinically active drugs against inflammation and treatment of pain, however, it is associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Here we synthesized benzimidazole based agents with significant analgesic/anti-inflammatory potential but with less gastrointestinal adverse effects. In this study, we synthesized novel, orally bioavailable 2-mercaptobenzimidazole amino acid conjugates (4a-4o) and screened them for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and gastro-protective effects. The synthesized 2-mercaptbenzimidazole derivatives were characterized for their structure using FTIR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The 2-mercaptobenzimidazole amino acid conjugates have found to possess potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities, particularly with compound 4j and 4k. Most of the compounds exhibited remarkable anti-ulcer and antisecretory effects. Molecular docking studies were carried out to study the binding affinities and interactions of the synthesized compounds with target proteins COX-2 (PDB ID: 3LN1) and H+ /K+ -ATPase (PDB ID: 5Y0B). Our results support the clinical promise of these newly synthesized 2-mercaptobezimidazol conjugates as a component of therapeutic strategies for inflammation and analgesia, for which the gastric side effects are always a major limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad T Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Abbas
- Deparment of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muazzam Arif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Shamshad Malik
- Deparment of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulkifal Malik
- Deparment of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
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Li Z, Lin H, Zhou J, Chen L, Pan Z, Fang B. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of the hybrid molecules between amoxicillin and derivatives of benzoic acid. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:198-206. [PMID: 32954547 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing problem of bacterial resistance worldwide, the demand for new antibiotics is becoming increasingly urgent. We wished to: (a) prepare hybrid molecules by linking different pharmacophores by chemical bonds; (b) investigate the antib acterial activity of these hybrids using drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogens in vitro and vivo. A series of hybrid molecules with a diester structure were designed and synthesized that linked amoxicillin and derivatives of benzoic acid via a methylene bridge. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 29213, ATCC 11632; methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] 11; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella LS677, GD836, GD828, GD3625) by microdilution of broth. Synthesized compounds showed good activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. In particular, amoxicillin-p-nitrobenzoic acid (6d) showed good activity against Salmonella species and had better activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 64 μg/ml) than the reference drug, amoxicillin (MIC = 128 μg/ml). Amoxicillin-p-methoxybenzoic acid (6b) had the best antibacterial activity in vivo (ED50 = 13.2496 μg/ml). The hybrid molecules of amoxicillin and derivatives of benzoic acid synthesized based on a diester structure can improve the activity of amoxicillin against Salmonella species and even improve the activity against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwen Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangzhu Chen
- Chemical R&D Department, Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Co. Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Zhikun Pan
- Chemical R&D Department, Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Co. Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Binghu Fang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Chemical R&D Department, Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Co. Ltd., Yunfu, China
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Latif A, Bibi S, Ali S, Ammara A, Ahmad M, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, Ullah F, Ali M. New multitarget directed benzimidazole-2-thiol-based heterocycles as prospective anti-radical and anti-Alzheimer's agents. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:207-216. [PMID: 32897587 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of new heterocycles (4-18) was synthesized by the structural modification of benzimidazole-2-thiol (BT, 2-MBI). The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed with the help of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and 1 HNMR spectroscopy. High inhibitions of the oxidants such as ABTS and DPPH were observed for compounds 9 [IC50 (s) = 167.4 μM (ABTS), 139.5 μM (DPPH)], 10 [IC50 (s) = 186.5 μM (ABTS), 155.4 μM (DPPH)], 11 [IC50 (s) = 286.1 μM (ABTS), 189.1 μM (DPPH)], 12 [IC50 (s) = 310.8 μM (ABTS), 162.2 μM (DPPH)], 14 [IC50 (s) = 281.3 μM (ABTS), 205.7 μM (DPPH)], 15 [IC50 (s) = 284.1 μM (ABTS), 177.3 μM (DPPH)], and 16 [IC50 (s) = 344.7 μM (ABTS), 270.2 μM (DPPH)] as compared with Ascorbic acid [IC50 (s) = 340.9 μM (ABTS), 164.3 μM (DPPH)]. The anti-Alzheimer's activity was performed in vitro against cholinesterase enzymes (AChE, BChE). Compound 11 was able to show significant inhibitions [IC50 (s) = 121.2 μM (AChE), 38.3 μM (BChE)] as against that of galantamine [IC50 (s) = 139.4 μM (AChE), 40.3 μM (BChE)]. Compound 14 was found as a very good inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 35.4 μM) as compared with standard galantamine. Molecular docking was further performed to investigate the mechanism of anticholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Samina Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Ammara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Zvarych V, Stasevych M, Novikov V, Rusanov E, Vovk M, Szweda P, Grecka K, Milewski S. Anthra[1,2- d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3 H)-triones as a New Class of Antistaphylococcal Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244581. [PMID: 31847306 PMCID: PMC6943585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and spread of resistance of human pathogenic bacteria to the action of commonly used antibacterial drugs is one of the key problems in modern medicine. One of the especially dangerous and easily developing antibiotic resistant bacterial species is Staphylococcus aureus. Anthra[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3H)-triones 22-38 have been developed as novel effective antistaphylococcal agents. These compounds have been obtained by sequential conversion of 1-amino-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (1) and 1-amino-4-bromo-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (2) into the corresponding amides 5-21, followed by subsequent endo-cyclization under the influence of sodium nitrite in acetic acid. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against selected species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as pathogenic yeasts of the Candida genus has been carried out by the serial dilution method. It has been established that anthra[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3H)-triones exhibit selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Eight, six and seven, out of seventeen compounds tested, effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. epidermidis ATCC12228, respectively, at a concentration equal to 1 µg/mL or lower. The high antistaphylococcal potential of the most active compounds has been also confirmed against clinical isolates of S. aureus, including the MRSA strains. However, bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus have demonstrated apparent resistance to the novel compounds when grown as a biofilm. None of the four selected compounds 3234 and 36 at a concentration of 64 µg/mL (128 or 256 × MIC-against planktonic cells) has caused any decrease in the metabolic activity of the staphylococcal cells forming the biofilm. The kinetic time-kill assay revealed some important differences in the activity of these substances. Compound 33 is bacteriostatic, while the other three demonstrate bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Zvarych
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Lviv Politechnic National University, 13, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Stasevych
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Lviv Politechnic National University, 13, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-032-258-22-09
| | - Volodymyr Novikov
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Lviv Politechnic National University, 13, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Eduard Rusanov
- Department of Mechanism of Organic Reactions, Institute of Organic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Vovk
- Department of Mechanism of Organic Reactions, Institute of Organic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Piotr Szweda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Slawomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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10
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The Synergy of Ciprofloxacin and Carvedilol against Staphylococcus aureus-Prospects of a New Treatment Strategy? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224104. [PMID: 31739388 PMCID: PMC6891268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections are common and difficult to treat. The increasing number of drug-resistant staphylococcal infections has created the need to develop new strategies for the treatment of these infections. The synergistic antimicrobial activity of different pharmaceuticals seems to be an interesting alternative. The aim of this study was to assess the synergistic activity of ciprofloxacin and carvedilol against S. aureus strains. The antibacterial potential of ciprofloxacin and carvedilol was evaluated according to the CLSI guidelines. The calcium content in S. aureus cells was measured using flow cytometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, confocal and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the mechanism of antibacterial synergy of ciprofloxacin and carvedilol. The antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin was higher in the presence of carvedilol than in S. aureus cultures containing the antibiotic only. A significant increase in S. aureus membrane permeability was also observed. The simultaneous administration of the tested compounds caused damage to S. aureus cells visualized by SEM. Enhancement of the antimicrobial action of ciprofloxacin by carvedilol was correlated with an increase in free calcium content in S. aureus cells, morphological changes to the cells, and a reduction in the ability to form bacterial aggregates.
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11
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Cherdtrakulkiat R, Worachartcheewan A, Tantimavanich S, Lawung R, Sinthupoom N, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V. Discovery of novel halogenated 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐based anti‐MRSA agents: In vitro and QSAR studies. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:127-135. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rungrot Cherdtrakulkiat
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Apilak Worachartcheewan
- Department of Community Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Srisurang Tantimavanich
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ratana Lawung
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nujarin Sinthupoom
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryChulabhorn Research Institute Bangkok Thailand
- Program in Chemical BiologyChulabhorn Graduate Institute Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Commission on Higher Education (CHE)Ministry of Education Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
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