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Qaid E, Zakaria R, Sulaiman SF, Yusof NM, Shafin N, Othman Z, Ahmad AH, Aziz CA. Insight into potential mechanisms of hypobaric hypoxia-induced learning and memory deficit - Lessons from rat studies. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 36:1315-1325. [PMID: 28111974 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116689714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of memory is one of the most frequently reported symptoms during sudden hypoxia exposure in human. Cortical atrophy has been linked to the impaired memory function and is suggested to occur with chronic high-altitude exposure. However, the precise molecular mechanism(s) of hypoxia-induced memory impairment remains an enigma. In this work, we review hypoxia-induced learning and memory deficit in human and rat studies. Based on data from rat studies using different protocols of continuous hypoxia, we try to elicit potential mechanisms of hypobaric hypoxia-induced memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Qaid
- 1 Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - R Zakaria
- 1 Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - S F Sulaiman
- 2 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Na Mohd Yusof
- 3 Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - N Shafin
- 1 Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Z Othman
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - A H Ahmad
- 1 Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Cb Abd Aziz
- 1 Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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2
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Malaj L, Censi R, Capsoni D, Pellegrino L, Bini M, Ferrari S, Gobetto R, Massarotti V, Di Martino P. Characterization of nicergoline polymorphs crystallized in several organic solvents. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2610-22. [PMID: 21254066 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nicergoline (NIC), a poorly water-soluble semisynthetic ergot derivative, was crystallized from several organic solvents, obtaining two different polymorphic forms, the triclinic form I and the orthorhombic form II. NIC samples were then characterized by several techniques such as (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning solid-state spectroscopy, room-temperature and high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and by analysis of weight loss, solvent content, powder density, morphology, and particle size. Solubility and intrinsic dissolution rates determined for the two polymorphic forms in water and hydrochloride solutions (HCl 0.1 N) were always higher for form II than for form I, which is actually the form used for the industrial preparation of NIC medicinal products. Preformulation studies might encourage industry for the evaluation of polymorph II, as it is more suitable for pharmaceutical applications. Results in drug delivery, as well as those obtained by the above-mentioned techniques, and the application of Burger-Ramberger's rules make it possible to conclude that there is a thermodynamic relation of monotropy between the two polymorphs. This last assumption may help formulators in predicting the relative stability of the two forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledjan Malaj
- University of Camerino, School of Pharmacy, Camerino, Italy
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3
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SHENG HM, XIANG ZJ, YE JT, ZHENG JH, SUN HB. Synthesis of Novel Alkylamino Substituted cis and trans Apovincamate Derivatives. Chin J Nat Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(11)60020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Nemes A, Czibula L, Szántay, Jr. C, Gere A, Kiss B, Laszy J, Gyertyán I, Szombathelyi Z, Szántay C. Synthesis and Evaluation of 2′-Hydroxyethyl trans-Apovincaminate Derivatives as Antioxidant and Cognitive Enhancer Agents. J Med Chem 2008; 51:479-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jm070618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- András Nemes
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest 10, POB 27, H-1475, Hungary, and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4,H-1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Czibula
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest 10, POB 27, H-1475, Hungary, and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4,H-1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szántay, Jr.
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest 10, POB 27, H-1475, Hungary, and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4,H-1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Gere
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest 10, POB 27, H-1475, Hungary, and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4,H-1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Kiss
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest 10, POB 27, H-1475, Hungary, and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4,H-1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Laszy
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest 10, POB 27, H-1475, Hungary, and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4,H-1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Gyertyán
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest 10, POB 27, H-1475, Hungary, and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4,H-1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szombathelyi
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest 10, POB 27, H-1475, Hungary, and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4,H-1521, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szántay
- Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest 10, POB 27, H-1475, Hungary, and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4,H-1521, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Groóa D, Pálosi E, Szporny L. Cognitive enhancers prevent the hypoxia-induced disruption of conditioned avoidance response. Drug Dev Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.430180104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Neuroprotection in Ischemic/Hypoxic Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8969-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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7
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Bönöczk P, Gulyás B, Adam-Vizi V, Nemes A, Kárpáti E, Kiss B, Kapás M, Szántay C, Koncz I, Zelles T, Vas A. Role of sodium channel inhibition in neuroprotection: effect of vinpocetine. Brain Res Bull 2000; 53:245-54. [PMID: 11113577 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vinpocetine (ethyl apovincaminate) discovered during the late 1960s has successfully been used in the treatment of central nervous system disorders of cerebrovascular origin for decades. The increase in the regional cerebral blood flow in response to vinpocetine administration is well established and strengthened by new diagnostical techniques (transcranial Doppler, near infrared spectroscopy, positron emission tomography). The latest in vitro studies have revealed the effect of the compound on Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase 1, voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels, glutamate receptors and voltage dependent Na(+)-channels; the latest being especially relevant to the neuroprotective action of vinpocetine. The good brain penetration profile and heterogenous brain distribution pattern (mainly in the thalamus, basal ganglia and visual cortex) of labelled vinpocetin were demonstrated by positron emission tomography in primates and man. Multicentric, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies proved the efficacy of orally administered vinpocetin in patients with organic psychosyndrome. Recently positron emission tomography studies have proved that vinpocetine is able to redistribute regional cerebral blood flow and enhance glucose supply of brain tissue in ischemic post-stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bönöczk
- Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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Sortino MA, Battaglia A, Pamparana F, Carfagna N, Post C, Canonico PL. Neuroprotective effects of nicergoline in immortalized neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 368:285-90. [PMID: 10193666 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the potential neuroprotective action of nicergoline in immortalized hypothalamic GT1-7 cells exposed to agents which deplete levels of reduced glutathione, thus causing oxidative stress and cell death. Treatment with diethylmaleate (1 mM), buthionine sulfoximine (500 microM) or menadione (10-50 microM) caused diffuse GT1-7 cell degeneration, as assessed by using either the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay or the fluorescent dyes fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide. Pre- and/or co-exposure of the cells to nicergoline significantly prevented diethylmaleate- or buthionine sulfoximine-induced neuronal death, whereas nicergoline was ineffective against menadione-induced toxicity. This effect was concentration-dependent and was mimicked by the classical antioxidants idebenone and vitamin E, and did not depend on interference with protein kinase C. Interestingly, the antineurodegenerative activity of nicergoline and vitamin E or idebenone was not additive, suggesting that these compounds share some intracellular mechanism(s) responsible for their protective effects. In conclusion, the present data indicate that nicergoline has neuroprotective activity, possibly mediated by the antioxidant activity of the molecule, and give support to the potential use of nicergoline in the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sortino
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Catania School of Medicine, Italy.
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Paróczai M, Kiss B, Kárpáti E. Effect of RGH-2716 on learning and memory deficits of young and aged rats in water-labyrinth. Brain Res Bull 1998; 45:475-88. [PMID: 9570717 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RGH-2716 is a novel 1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4.5] decan 2-one, which was published to have potent inhibitory effect on neuronal Na and Ca movement and stimulatory action on nerve growth factor (NGF)-production, as well as to show significant antiamnesic activity in experimental amnesia models. The aim of the present experiments was to study the effect of the compound on the learning process and on the different stages of memory using water-labyrinth in normal and memory impaired young animals, as well as to study cognitive effect of RGH-2716 on aged animals. At the doses of 0.5 mg/kg i.p. or 3 mg/kg p.o. given before daily swimming, this compound improved the learning process of young animals impaired by either diazepam (DIA) or scopolamine (SCOP). In retrograde amnesia model RGH-2716 (3 mg/kg p.o.) significantly ameliorated consolidation process and retrieval of information impaired by SCOP or DIA. Nimodipine and vinpocetine (10 mg/kg p.o.) showed moderate effect compared to RGH-2716. Aged rats pretreated with daily i.p. RGH-2716 performed the tasks with significantly fewer errors and shorter swimming time than untreated aged rats. When aged animals had to solve a new labyrinth problem, treated aged rats showed significantly better learning ability than aged controls. One month of oral treatment of aged rats with 3 mg/kg dose of RGH-2716 two times daily resulted in a "tendency-like" improvement in learning of aged Fischer 344 and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. The present results make RGH-2716 an interesting compound for the treatment of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paróczai
- Pharmacological Research Centre, Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.
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Tóth E, Kiss B, Gere A, Kárpáti E, Törley J, Pálosi É, Kis-Varga Á, Paróczai M, Szabó S, Groó D, Laszlovszky I, Lapis E, Csomor K, Szporny L. 1-Oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one derivatives with a potent inhibitory effect on neural Ca-uptake and protecting action against TET-induced brain edema and memory and learning deficits. Eur J Med Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(97)84359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kuge Y, Nakazawa H, Kometani T, Sugaya T, Mochida K, Tomioka S. A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Vinpocetine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919408011297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Molnár P, Gaál L. Effect of different subtypes of cognition enhancers on long-term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 215:17-22. [PMID: 1516646 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of four drugs considered as cognition enhancers on the amplitude of the population spikes and on the long-term potentiation (LTP) evoked by perforant path stimulation was investigated in rat dentate gyrus in vivo. LTP was characterized by the absolute increase in the amplitude of the population spikes, which were expressed in mV, contrary to the widely used percentage value, because the absolute increase was independent of the pretetanus level, whereas the percentage increase was found to be negatively correlated with it. Intravenous administration of the drugs (piracetam 500 mg/kg, hydergine 2 mg/kg, vinpocetine 0.1 and 5 mg/kg and physostigmine 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) did not influence the amplitude of the population spikes itself. Piracetam and hydergine did not have an effect on LTP, while vinpocetine and physostigmine altered LTP in a similar manner. The higher doses of the two latter drugs, administered 5 min before tetanic stimulation, induced a significant potentiation of LTP, whereas a significant inhibition of LTP was obtained when the drugs were administered 30 min before tetanic stimulation. Based on the results obtained from guinea pig hippocampal slices, an LTP-potentiating effect of all compounds tested could have been anticipated, but this was not supported by our data. The apparent contradiction between the in vivo and in vitro results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Molnár
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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Chapter 1 Eburnamine—Vincamine Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Abstract
Conventional extracellular single unit recordings were used to investigate the effect of vinpocetine on locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats. Vinpocetine produced a significant and dose-dependent increase in the firing rate of locus coeruleus neurons (ED30 = 0.75 mg/kg i.v.) up to 1 mg/kg i.v., followed by a complete blockade of spiking activity at doses higher than this. The effective dose range was in very good agreement with the dose range corresponding to the memory-enhancing effects of the compound. Our results supplied direct electrophysiological evidence that vinpocetine increases the activity of ascending noradrenergic pathways. This effect can be related to the cognitive-enhancing characteristics of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gaál
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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