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Huang H, Bader TN, Jin S. Signaling Molecules Regulating Pancreatic Endocrine Development from Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5867. [PMID: 32824212 PMCID: PMC7461594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death globally. Currently, the donor pancreas is the only source of human islets, placing extreme constraints on supply. Hence, it is imperative to develop renewable islets for diabetes research and treatment. To date, extensive efforts have been made to derive insulin-secreting cells from human pluripotent stem cells with substantial success. However, the in vitro generation of functional islet organoids remains a challenge due in part to our poor understanding of the signaling molecules indispensable for controlling differentiation pathways towards the self-assembly of functional islets from stem cells. Since this process relies on a variety of signaling molecules to guide the differentiation pathways, as well as the culture microenvironments that mimic in vivo physiological conditions, this review highlights extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, signaling molecules, and microenvironments facilitating the generation of biologically functional pancreatic endocrine cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Signaling pathways involved in stepwise differentiation that guide the progression of stem cells into the endocrine lineage are also discussed. The development of protocols enabling the generation of islet organoids with hormone release capacities equivalent to native adult islets for clinical applications, disease modeling, and diabetes research are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (H.H.); (T.N.B.)
| | - Taylor N. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (H.H.); (T.N.B.)
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (H.H.); (T.N.B.)
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Cigliola V, Ghila L, Thorel F, van Gurp L, Baronnier D, Oropeza D, Gupta S, Miyatsuka T, Kaneto H, Magnuson MA, Osipovich AB, Sander M, Wright CEV, Thomas MK, Furuyama K, Chera S, Herrera PL. Pancreatic islet-autonomous insulin and smoothened-mediated signalling modulate identity changes of glucagon + α-cells. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1267-1277. [PMID: 30361701 PMCID: PMC6215453 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that restrict regeneration and maintain cell identity following injury are poorly characterized in higher vertebrates. Following β-cell loss, 1-2% of the glucagon-producing α-cells spontaneously engage in insulin production in mice. Here we explore the mechanisms inhibiting α-cell plasticity. We show that adaptive α-cell identity changes are constrained by intra-islet insulin- and Smoothened-mediated signalling, among others. The combination of β-cell loss or insulin-signalling inhibition, with Smoothened inactivation in α- or δ-cells, stimulates insulin production in more α-cells. These findings suggest that the removal of constitutive 'brake signals' is crucial to neutralize the refractoriness to adaptive cell-fate changes. It appears that the maintenance of cell identity is an active process mediated by repressive signals, which are released by neighbouring cells and curb an intrinsic trend of differentiated cells to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cigliola
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Science and KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabrizio Thorel
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léon van Gurp
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Baronnier
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Oropeza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Gupta
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine , Juntendo University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher E V Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melissa K Thomas
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenichiro Furuyama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Science and KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre facultaire du diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Kurian SM, Ferreri K, Wang CH, Todorov I, Al-Abdullah IH, Rawson J, Mullen Y, Salomon DR, Kandeel F. Gene expression signature predicts human islet integrity and transplant functionality in diabetic mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185331. [PMID: 28968432 PMCID: PMC5624587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that transplantation of cadaveric human islets is an effective therapy for type 1 diabetes. However, gauging the suitability of islet samples for clinical use remains a challenge. We hypothesized that islet quality is reflected in the expression of specific genes. Therefore, gene expression in 59 human islet preparations was analyzed and correlated with diabetes reversal after transplantation in diabetic mice. Analysis yielded 262 differentially expressed probesets, which together predict islet quality with 83% accuracy. Pathway analysis revealed that failing islet preparations activated inflammatory pathways, while functional islets showed increased regeneration pathway gene expression. Gene expression associated with apoptosis and oxygen consumption showed little overlap with each other or with the 262 probeset classifier, indicating that the three tests are measuring different aspects of islet cell biology. A subset of 36 probesets surpassed the predictive accuracy of the entire set for reversal of diabetes, and was further reduced by logistic regression to sets of 14 and 5 without losing accuracy. These genes were further validated with an independent cohort of 16 samples. We believe this limited number of gene classifiers in combination with other tests may provide complementary verification of islet quality prior to their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil M. Kurian
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Ferreri
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Chia-Hao Wang
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Todorov
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Ismail H. Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yoko Mullen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Solini A, Sebastiani G, Nigi L, Santini E, Rossi C, Dotta F. Dapagliflozin modulates glucagon secretion in an SGLT2-independent manner in murine alpha cells. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 43:512-520. [PMID: 28499695 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM SGLT2 inhibitors reduce renal glucose uptake through an insulin-independent mechanism. They also increase glucagon concentration, although the extent to which this is due to a direct effect on pancreatic alpha cells remains unclear. METHODS In the present work, αTC1 cells treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (Dapa) were analyzed for glucose transporters, molecular mediators of hormone secretion, glucagon and GLP-1 release, and the effects of somatostatin. Data were validated in murine and human pancreatic islets. RESULTS SLC5A2 (the SGLT2-encoding gene) was nearly undetectable in αTC1 cells, not even by a digital PCR technique using different probes. In contrast, SLC5A1 (the SGLT1-encoding gene) was constitutively abundant in αTC1 cells and in islets, and increased with Dapa. This was associated with greater glucagon release, preceded by increased expression of preproglucagon and HNF4α. Looking at the candidate intracellular signalling pathway, reduced PASK and increased AMPK-α2 expression were also detected. GLUT1 and GLUT2, as well as regulators of glucagon release and alpha-cell phenotype (chromogranin A, paired box 6, proprotein convertase 1/2, synaptophysin), were unaffected by Dapa, as were GLP-1 receptor expression and GLP-1 release. Low glucose did not influence the stimulatory effect of Dapa on glucagon release, but was instead almost fully reverted by SLC5A1 silencing. When the effect of Dapa on AMPK and PASK, emerging regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism, was tested, upregulated AMPK-α2 appeared to be involved in molecular signalling. CONCLUSION Our study has shown that, in αTC1 cells, Dapa acutely upregulates SGLT1 expression and increases glucagon release through an SGLT1-dependent mechanism, with SGLT2 expression virtually undetectable. These results suggest the involvement of SGLT1 in modulating glucagon increases following SGLT2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solini
- Department of surgical, medical, molecular and critical area pathology, university of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - G Sebastiani
- Department of medicine, surgery and neuroscience, university of Siena and Fondazione Umberto di Mario-Toscana life science, Viale Bracci 18, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - L Nigi
- Department of medicine, surgery and neuroscience, university of Siena and Fondazione Umberto di Mario-Toscana life science, Viale Bracci 18, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - E Santini
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Rossi
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dotta
- Department of medicine, surgery and neuroscience, university of Siena and Fondazione Umberto di Mario-Toscana life science, Viale Bracci 18, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Robert S, Gysemans C, Takiishi T, Korf H, Spagnuolo I, Sebastiani G, Van Huynegem K, Steidler L, Caluwaerts S, Demetter P, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Dotta F, Rottiers P, Van Belle TL, Mathieu C. Oral delivery of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-65 and IL10 by Lactococcus lactis reverses diabetes in recent-onset NOD mice. Diabetes 2014; 63:2876-87. [PMID: 24677716 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing insight into the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and numerous studies in preclinical models highlight the potential of antigen-specific approaches to restore tolerance efficiently and safely. Oral administration of protein antigens is a preferred method for tolerance induction, but degradation during gastrointestinal passage can impede such protein-based therapies, reducing their efficacy and making them cost-ineffective. To overcome these limitations, we generated a tolerogenic bacterial delivery technology based on live Lactococcus lactis (LL) bacteria for controlled secretion of the T1D autoantigen GAD65370-575 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in the gut. In combination with short-course low-dose anti-CD3, this treatment stabilized insulitis, preserved functional β-cell mass, and restored normoglycemia in recent-onset NOD mice, even when hyperglycemia was severe at diagnosis. Combination therapy did not eliminate pathogenic effector T cells, but increased the presence of functional CD4(+)Foxp3(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. These preclinical data indicate a great therapeutic potential of orally administered autoantigen-secreting LL for tolerance induction in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Robert
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Takiishi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabella Spagnuolo
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Tom L Van Belle
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Bian EB, Zhao B, Huang C, Wang H, Meng XM, Wu BM, Ma TT, Zhang L, Lv XW, Li J. New advances of DNA methylation in liver fibrosis, with special emphasis on the crosstalk between microRNAs and DNA methylation machinery. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1837-44. [PMID: 23707524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in the pattern of gene expression that is controlled by a mechanism specifically not due to changes the primary DNA sequence. Well-known epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications and RNA-based mechanisms including those controlled by small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs). Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications orchestrate the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis. In this review we focus on the aberrant methylation of CpG island promoters of select genes is the prominent epigenetic mechanism to effectively silence gene transcription facilitating HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Furthermore, we also discuss epigenetic dysregulation of tumor-suppressor miRNA genes by promoter DNA methylation and the interaction of DNA methylation with miRNAs involved in the regulation of HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Recent advances in epigenetics alterations in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and their possible use as new therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Bao Bian
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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