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Schierscher T, Salzmann L, Singh N, Bachmann M, Kobel A, Wild J, Bauland F, Geistanger A, Risch L, Geletneky C, Seger C, Taibon J. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of phenobarbital in human serum and plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1314-1326. [PMID: 38407268 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phenobarbital serves as an antiepileptic drug (AED) and finds application in the treatment of epilepsy either as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. This drug exhibits various pharmacodynamic properties that account for its beneficial effects as well as potential side effects. Accurate measurement of its concentration is critical for optimizing AED therapy through appropriate dose adjustments. Therefore, our objective was to develop and validate a new reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the accurate quantification of phenobarbital levels in human serum and plasma. METHODS A sample preparation protocol based on protein precipitation followed by a high dilution step was established in combination with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using a C8 column to separate target analytes from known and unknown interferences. Assay validation and determination of measurement uncertainty were performed based on current guidelines. Selectivity and Specificity were assessed using spiked serum and plasma samples; to investigate possible matrix effects (MEs) a post-column infusion experiment and a comparison of standard line slopes was performed. Precision and accuracy were determined within a multiday precision experiment. RESULTS The RMP was shown to be highly selective and specific, with no evidence of matrix interferences. It can be used to quantify phenobarbital in the range of 1.92 to 72.0 μg/mL. Intermediate precision was less than 3.2 %, and repeatability coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 1.3 to 2.0 % across all concentration levels. The relative mean bias ranged from -3.0 to -0.7 % for native serum levels, and from -2.8 to 0.8 % for Li-heparin plasma levels. The measurement uncertainties (k=1) for single measurements and target value assignment were 1.9 to 3.3 % and 0.9 to 1.6 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A novel LC-MS/MS-based candidate RMP for the quantification of phenobarbital in human serum and plasma is presented which can be used for the standardization of routine assays and the evaluation of clinically relevant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neeraj Singh
- 111618 Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Anja Kobel
- Dr. Risch Ostschweiz AG, Buchs, Switzerland
| | - Janik Wild
- Dr. Risch Ostschweiz AG, Buchs, Switzerland
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2
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Gqamana PP, Victoria Zhang Y. High-Throughput Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of Barbiturates in Human Urine. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2737:91-101. [PMID: 38036813 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We hereby present a fast, high-throughput, and clinical LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous analysis of barbiturates in human urine. It is deployed as a quantitative assay for phenobarbital, butalbital, pentobarbital/amobarbital, and secobarbital, as well as for confirmations following positive immunoassay drug screens in patient urine. Briefly, urine specimens are processed via dilute and shoot, i.e., by mixing the sample with 20 times volume of internal standard reagent and injecting 50 μL of that mixture into the analytical instrument. Chromatographic separation is performed using a reversed-phase C18 column in a mobile-phase system doped with <1 mM ammonium fluoride. Mass spectrometric detection occurs via negative-mode electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring in the TSQ Quantiva triple-quadrupole instrument. All the analytes in the mixture are detected and quantified simultaneously with respect to internal calibration in the range 20-2500 ng/mL. However, the assay cannot distinguish pentobarbital from amobarbital, which are isobaric analytes. Nonetheless, the assay is sensitive, robust, and amenable to harmonization with other assays that employ barbiturate cutoffs in the range of 20-150 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putuma P Gqamana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Y Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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3
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Tseng LH, Liang PC, Chiu TC, Hsieh MM. Ultrasound and surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction prior to poly(ethylene oxide)-mediated stacking in CE for highly sensitive determination of barbiturates in human fluids. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300557. [PMID: 37803927 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a facile, highly sensitive technique for extracting and quantifying barbiturates in serum samples. This method combined ultrasound and surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with poly(ethylene oxide)-mediated stacking in capillary electrophoresis. Factors influencing the extraction and stacking performance, such as the type and volume of extraction solvents, the type and concentration of surfactant, extraction time, salt additives, sample matrix, solution pH, and composition of the background electrolyte, were carefully studied and optimized to achieve the optimal detection sensitivity. Under the optimized extraction (injecting 140 μL C2 H4 Cl2 into 1 mL of sample with pH 4 (5 mM sodium phosphate containing 0.05 mM Tween 20 and sonication for 1 min) and separation conditions (150 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-borate with pH 8.5 containing 0.5% (m/v) poly(ethylene oxide)), the limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) of five barbiturates ranged from 0.20 to 0.33 ng/mL, and the calculated sensitivity improvement ranged from 868- to 1700-fold. The experimental results revealed excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99), with relative standard deviations of 2.1%-3.4% for the migration time and 4.3%-5.7% for the peak area. The recoveries of the spiked serum samples were 97.1% -110.3%. Our proposed approach offers a rapid and practical method for quantifying barbiturates in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hsin Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Mu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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4
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New approach for barbiturates, phenytoin, methyprylon and glutethimide determination and fragmentation (UHPLC-MS/MS). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115318. [PMID: 36868027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Barbiturates which are old pharmaceutical drugs are still widely used in medical treatment of epilepsy and for general anesthesia. To date, more than 2500 different barbituric acid analogs have been synthesized, and 50 of them were introduced into medical use over the last century. Due to their highly addictive properties, pharmaceuticals containing barbiturates are under strict control in many countries. However, by considering the worldwide problem with new psychoactive substances (NPS) the introduction of new designer barbiturate analogs into the dark market might serve a serious public health problem in the near future. For this reason there is an increasing need for application methods for barbiturates monitoring in biological samples. The UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method for determination of 15 barbiturates, phenytoin, methyprylon and glutethimide was developed and fully validated. The biological sample volume was reduced to only 50 µL. A simple LLE (pH 3 with ethyl acetate) was successfully applied. The lower LOQ was 10 ng/mL. The method enables differentiation of structural isomers: hexobarbital and cyclobarbital; as well as amobarbital and pentobarbital. Chromatographic separation was achieved with the use of the alkaline mobile phase (pH 9) and Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column. Furthermore, the novel fragmentation mechanism of barbiturates was proposed, which may have a great impact in identification of novel barbiturates analogs introduced to illegal marketplaces. The presented technique has a great potential to be applied in forensic, clinical and veterinary toxicological laboratories, as was evidenced by the positive results of international proficiency tests.
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5
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Ke S, Lian R, Wang R, Rao Y, Liang C, Liang J, Zhang Y. Rapid quantification of phenobarbital and barbital in human whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction combined with DART-orbitrap-HRMS. Forensic Toxicol 2023; 41:126-134. [PMID: 36652071 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-022-00650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop and validate a rapid, simple, and efficient bioanalytical method for the simultaneous quantification of phenobarbital and barbital in human whole blood using liquid-liquid extraction combined with direct analysis in real time (DART) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). METHOD Phenobarbital-d5 and aprobarbital were selected as internal standards (ISs) of phenobarbital and barbital, respectively. A mixed solvent of o-xylene and ethyl acetate at a ratio of 1:6 was used to extract analytes of interest and ISs from 100 μL of human whole blood samples. Phenobarbital and barbital were detected by DART-HRMS. The proposed method has been validated in accordance with United States Food and Drug Administration Guidelines for Bioanalytical Method Validation in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, stability, and dilution integrity. RESULTS The lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) of phenobarbital and barbital were both 10 ng/mL. The linearities were in the range of 10-1000 ng/mL (R2 ≥ 0.99). The mean recovery values of phenobarbital and barbital were 99.7% and 88.1%, respectively. The interday and intraday precision values were less than 10.4%, and the interday and intraday accuracy values ranged from 87.6 to 106.7%. Furthermore, the validated method was applied to four cases of phenobarbital poisoning at the Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science. CONCLUSION The developed and fully validated method enabled the simultaneous quantification of phenobarbital and barbital in human whole blood and was successfully applied to authentic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Ke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Ru Lian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jianying Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200083, China.
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6
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Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate: a review of their roles in forensic toxicology analysis of alcohol postmortem. Forensic Toxicol 2021; 40:19-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-021-00588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Di Rago M, Pantatan S, Hargreaves M, Wong K, Mantinieks D, Kotsos A, Glowacki L, Drummer OH, Gerostamoulos D. High Throughput Detection of 327 Drugs in Blood by LC-MS-MS with Automated Data Processing. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 45:154-183. [PMID: 32451548 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The described procedure provides a rapid technique for the detection and semi-quantitation of a large number of drugs in blood. This procedure uses a minimal sample volume and employs a one-step liquid extraction and automated data processing to yield rapid turnaround times. A total of 327 of the most commonly used medicinal and illicit drugs in Australia were selected including various amphetamines, anesthetics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, opioid and nonopioid analgesics, stimulants, THC and a large number of synthetic cannabinoids and other novel psychoactive substances. The extracts were subject to 5-minute chromatography using a Kinetex C18 50 × 4.6 mm 2.6 μm solid-core analytical column and analyzed using a Sciex 3200 Q-TRAP MS-MS (+ ESI, MRM mode, two transitions per analyte). The method was fully validated in accordance with international guidelines. Matrix effects and extraction efficiencies were acceptable with most analytes showing > 80% response and low variation (within 25%RSD). Cannabinoids were most affected by the matrix and yielded poorest recovery values but were still detectable. Precision, accuracy, repeatability and multipoint linearity were assessed for all analytes. The method has been used in routine practice in the forensic toxicology service at the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine in over 6000 coronial investigations using both postmortem and clinical blood specimens. This technique has greatly increased throughput, reduced turnaround times and allowed for rapid same-day analysis of results when needed. The method is routinely used in routine overnight testing with results reported to pathologists within 4 h of data acquisition. This rapid toxicological technique is used in conjunction with other investigative processes such as full-body CT imaging, review of case circumstances and medical histories to provide an efficient death investigation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Di Rago
- Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Supranee Pantatan
- Toxicology, Central Institute of Forensic Science, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Melynda Hargreaves
- Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Wong
- Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dylan Mantinieks
- Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Kotsos
- Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Glowacki
- Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olaf H Drummer
- Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dimitri Gerostamoulos
- Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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8
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On the rapid and non-destructive approach for barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and phenothiazines determination and differentiation using spectral combination analysis and chemometric methods. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Al-Asmari AI, Al-Amoudi DH. The role of ethanol in fatalities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 316:110464. [PMID: 32889333 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, alcohol consumption is prohibited by law, but interpreting postmortem ethanol can be complicated by its postmortem production. This study developed and validated a method using headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy to detect ethanol and its polar metabolites (ethyl glucuronide [EtG] and ethyl sulfate [EtS]) in postmortem blood and urine specimens, respectively. All calibration curves were linear with coefficients of determination greater than 0.999. The limits of detection ranged 4.5-5.0mg/dL for ethanol and 0.05-0.06mg/L for EtG and EtS. The limits of quantification were 10.0mg/dL for ethanol and 0.075mg/L for EtG and EtS. Within-run precision was less than 11% for all analytes of interest. Matrix effects for EtG and EtS ranged 3-47%. After excluding matrix effects, analytical recoveries ranged 72-100%. This validated method was then used for routine postmortem forensic toxicology analyses in 592 routine postmortem cases to distinguish between antemortem ethanol consumption and its postmortem microbial formation. Among them, 98 blood samples (17%) were positive for ethanol or its polar metabolites. Thirty-two of these cases (33%) were positive for EtG and EtS and therefore due to antemortem ethanol consumption. The remaining 66 (67%) cases were negative for both EtG and EtS and therefore due to postmortem ethanol synthesis. Because this is the first study to report the problem of alcohol consumption in Saudi Arabia, further studies are essential for validating these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Al-Asmari
- King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Department of Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Danih H Al-Amoudi
- Al-Thagar Hospital, Department of Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Method for the identification and quantification of sixty drugs and their metabolites in postmortem whole blood using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 309:110193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Lin Z, Wang H, Hu L, Li J, Lin J, Liu B, Zhao Z, Rao Y. Simultaneous determination of N-ethylpentylone, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and their metabolites in rat brain microdialysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4626. [PMID: 31222753 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
N-Ethylpentylone (NEP) is a popular synthetic cathinone abused worldwide. To obtain more information about its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, a rapid, simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of NEP, two important neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin, and their metabolites, including 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxytyramine and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, in rat brain microdialysate. The analytes were separated on a Phnomenex Polar C18 column, with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B) under gradient elution to shorten the total chromatographic run time. A triple quadruple mass spectrometer coupled with an electrospray ionization source in both positive and negative ion mode was used to detect the analytes. This method showed excellent accuracy (87.4-113.5%) and precision (relative standard deviation <15%) at three quality control levels. The limits of detection were 0.2 ng/mL for NEP and 0.2-50 nm for the others and good linearity was obtained. This study pioneered a method to integrate exogenous drugs and endogenous neurotransmitters as the drugs act on the same determination system, which means that this innovation can provide support for further study of the addictive effects of NEP or other synthetic cathinones on extracellular levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Luyuyan Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolun Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Baonian Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ziqin Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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12
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Zhu R, Dong Y, Cai X, Huang C. Determination of Barbiturates in Biological Specimens by Flat Membrane-Based Liquid-Phase Microextraction and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081494. [PMID: 30995793 PMCID: PMC6515296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide abuse of barbiturates has aroused extensive public concern. Therefore, the determination of such drugs is becoming essential in therapeutic drug monitoring and forensic science. Herein, a simple, efficient, and inexpensive sample preparation technique, namely, flat membrane-based liquid-phase microextraction (FM-LPME) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), was used to determine barbiturates in biological specimens. Factors that may influence the efficiency including organic extraction solvent, pH, and composition of donor and acceptor phases, extraction time, and salt addition to the sample (donor phase) were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the linear ranges of the proposed FM-LPME/LC-MS method (with correlation coefficient factors ≥ 0.99) were 7.5–750 ng mL−1 for whole blood, 5.0–500 ng mL−1 for urine, and 25–2500 ng g−1 for liver. Repeatability between 5.0 and 13.7% was obtained and the limit of detection (LOD) values ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 ng mL−1, from 0.6 to 3.6 ng mL−1, and from 5.2 to 10.0 ng g−1 for whole blood, urine, and liver samples, respectively. This method was successfully applied for the analysis of barbiturates in blood and liver from rats treated with these drugs, and excellent sample cleanup was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Xiangyang Cai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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13
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Lee JH, Park HN, Choi JY, Kim NS, Park HJ, Park SS, Baek SY. Simultaneous analysis by Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and UHPLC-MS/MS for the determination of sedative-hypnotics and sleep inducers in adulterated products. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4677-4688. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Park
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kim
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Park
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo Park
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Baek
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si Chungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
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14
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Tian H, Zhou X, Chen C, He Y, Yu H, Zheng X. Simultaneous Determination of Phenobarbital, Pentobarbital, Amobarbital and Secobarbital in Raw Milk via Liquid Chromatography with Electron Spray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:847-854. [PMID: 29725206 PMCID: PMC5932935 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four barbiturates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital and secobarbital) in raw milk. The barbiturates were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction, ultrasonication and centrifugation, and purified on an SPE column. Analytes were separated by HPLC on a CSH C18 column eluted using an acetonitrile-water system with a linear gradient dilution programme, and detected by MS/MS. The recoveries of the barbiturates were 85.0-113.5%, and the intra- and inter-assay RSDs were less than 9.8% and 7.3%, respectively. The limit of detection was 5 ng/mL for all four of the barbiturates. The analytical method exhibited good linearity from 10 to 1000 ng/mL; the correlation coefficient (r2) was greater than 0.9950 for each barbiturate. This method was also applied to the determination of barbiturates in real milk samples and was found to be suitable for the determination of veterinary drug residues in raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixiang Tian
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Xingxin Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Yabin He
- Shanghai Bino Testing Technology Service, Shanghai, China.,School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- Shanghai Bino Testing Technology Service, Shanghai, China.,School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200436, China
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