1
|
Lee KM, Han SM, Lee S, Jeong TY, Kim HJ, Min H, Kim KH, Cha S, Oh WK, Lee J. Fluoride-assisted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous analysis of propofol and its metabolites without derivatization in urine. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462360. [PMID: 34246057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The misuse of propofol for recreational purposes has become a serious social issue. Accordingly, practical and sensitive analytical methods to investigate the chronic abuse and toxicity of propofol are required. However, current propofol determination methods using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) suffer from problems associated with loss in sample preparation due to its volatility and its poor ionization efficiency and collision-induced dissociation in mass spectrometry. Herein, we have developed a sensitive and accurate fluoride-assisted LC-MS/MS method combined with direct-injection for propofol determination. Ionization via fluoride-ion attachment/induced deprotonation, effected by ammonium fluoride in the mobile phase, was found to dramatically improve the sensitivity of propofol without derivatization. Furthermore, direct injection without derivatization enables the simultaneous analysis of propofol and its phase II metabolites without analyte loss. The optimal concentration of ammonium fluoride in the mobile phase was found to be 1 mM under methanol conditions. The linearity is good (R2 ≥ 0.999) and the intra- and inter-day precisions for propofol determination are between 1.9 and 8.7%. The accuracies range from 87.5% to 105.4% and the limits of detection and quantitation for propofol in urine are 0.15 and 0.44 ng mL-1, respectively. The present method was successfully applied to human urine and showed a sufficient sensitivity to determine propofol and five phase II metabolites over 48 h in human urine after administration. Consequently, the fluoride-assisted LC-MS/MS method was demonstrated to be sensitive, accurate, and practical for the determination of propofol and its metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mi Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moon Han
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Jeong
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Development of a LC–MS/MS method for determination of propofol-glucuronide in hair and preliminary study on relationships between dose and hair concentration. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 306:110070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Maas A, Maier C, Iwersen-Bergmann S, Pilgrim JL, Di Rago M, Madea B, Hess C. Propofol and propofol glucuronide concentrations in hair following medical propofol administration and in forensic death cases. Forensic Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-017-0399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
5
|
Simultaneous extraction of propofol and propofol glucuronide from hair followed by validated LC–MS/MS analyses. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:236-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|