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Chen Z, Zhu X, Geng Y, Huang Z, Adams E, Chen D, Tang S, Yin Y, Yuan Y. Highly sensitive liquid chromatographic method combined with online ion suppression to remove interfering anions and mass spectrometry for impurity profiling of paromomycin sulfate. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2201012. [PMID: 36919915 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A previously developed high-performance liquid chromatography method combined with pulsed amperometric detection allowed to separate many impurities of paromomycin. However, due to the presence of ion pairing agents and sodium hydroxide in the mobile phase, direct coupling to mass spectrometry for the identification of the chemical structures of the impurities was not an option. Indeed, ion suppression was encountered by trifluoroacetic acid and pentafluoroproponic acid in the mobile phase. A cation self-regenerating suppressor, which was originally designed for increasing analyte conductivity of ammonia and amines analysis in ion chromatography, was coupled between the liquid chromatography and ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry and almost all trifluoroacetic acid and pentafluoroproponic acid in the mobile phase was removed. The limit of detection of paromomycin in this integrated system improved significantly to 20 ng/ml (0.4 ng). The chemical structures of 19 impurities were elucidated and seven impurities were reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, Nanjing, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Testing Technology Research Office, Chemical Drug Testing Office NO.2, Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yue Geng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Testing Technology Research Office, Chemical Drug Testing Office NO.2, Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Nanjing Normal University, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daijie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yaozuo Yuan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Testing Technology Research Office, Chemical Drug Testing Office NO.2, Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Nanjing Normal University, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Cruse CA, Goodpaster JV. Thermal and spectroscopic analysis of nitrated compounds and their break-down products using gas chromatography/vacuum UV spectroscopy (GC/VUV). Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1143:117-123. [PMID: 33384109 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/vacuum UV spectroscopy (GC/VUV) was utilized to study various explosives and pharmaceuticals in the nitrate ester and nitramine structural classes. In addition to generating specific VUV spectra for each compound, VUV was used to indicate the onset of thermal decomposition based upon the appearance of break-down products such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, water, and molecular oxygen. The effect of temperature on decomposition could be fit to a logistical function where the fraction of intact compound remaining decreased as the transfer line/flow cell temperature was increased from 200 °C to 300 °C. Utilizing this relationship, the decomposition temperatures for the nitrate ester and nitramine compounds were determined to range between 244 °C and 277 °C. It was also discovered that the decomposition temperature was dependent on the GC carrier gas flow rate and, therefore, the residence time of the compounds in the transfer line/flow cell. For example, the measured decomposition temperature of nitroglycerine ranged from 222 °C to 253 °C across four flow rates. Tracking the appearance/disappearance of decomposition products across this temperature range indicated that NO, CO, and H2CO are final decomposition products while O2 and H2O are intermediate products. The decomposition temperatures for all explosives were highly correlated to similar decomposition measurements taken by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (r = 0.91) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) (r = 0.90-0.98). In addition, the decomposition temperatures for all explosives were negatively correlated to the heat of explosion at constant volume (r = -0.68) and strongly positively correlated to the oxygen balance (r = 0.92).
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Cruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street, LD326, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - John V Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street, LD326, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street, LD326, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Donegatti TA, Lobato A, Duek EAR, Moreira Gonçalves L, Alves Pereira E. Derivatization-free determination of aminoglycosides by CZE-UV in pharmaceutical formulations. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1576-1583. [PMID: 32683725 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are a relevant class of antibiotics widely used by medics and veterinaries. There are a variety of reasons that make their determination relevant, such as quality control, environment and food contamination assessment, drug-release studies, among others. The lack of a chromophore makes aminoglycoside spectrophotometric detection particularly challenging, often requiring derivatization. In this work, an indirect detection method, making use of imidazole as a probe, applying CZE was successfully tested. It did not require derivatization, which simplified the sample preparation. Suitable figures of merit were obtained; recoveries between 95 and 105%, adequate repeatability and precision, correlation coefficients (r) above 0.998, and limits of detection (LODs) of 3.2 and 11 mg/L for gentamicin and paromomycin, respectively. As a proof-of-concept, it was also applied in a simple controlled release experiment that was well fitted using the Hill equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Augusto Donegatti
- Departamento de Física, Química e Matemática, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alnilan Lobato
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana A R Duek
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Medical and Health Sciences Faculty, Pontifical University Catholic of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Moreira Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Alves Pereira
- Departamento de Física, Química e Matemática, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Van Den Abeele J, Brouwers J, Tack J, Augustijns P. Exploring the link between gastric motility and intragastric drug distribution in man. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 112:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Development of particulate drug formulation against C. parvum: Formulation, characterization and in vivo efficacy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 92:74-85. [PMID: 27381880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research aims towards developing an alternative therapy against Cryptosporidium parvum using bioadhesive paromomycin and diloxanide furoate-loaded microspheres. Microspheres were prepared using chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) and two types of cyclodextrins (β-CD and DM-β-CD) for the potential use of treating cryptosporidiosis. This pathogen is associated with gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals. Microparticle formulations were characterized in terms of size, surface charge, drug release and morphology. In vivo bioadhesion properties of CHI/PVA microspheres were also evaluated in mice. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of CHI/PVA microspheres against C. parvum was tested in neonatal mouse model. In this work, microspheres prepared by spray-drying showed spherical shape, diameters between 6.67±0.11 and 18.78±0.07μm and positively surface charged. The bioadhesion studies demonstrated that MS remained attached at +16h (post-infection) to the intestinal cells as detected by fluorescence. This finding was crucial taking use of the fact that the parasite multiplication occurs between 16 and 20h post-infection. The efficacy of treatment was determined by calculating the number of oocysts recovered from the intestinal tract of mice after 7days of post-infection. Mice receiving orally administered microspheres with and without drug exhibited significantly lower parasite loads compared with the control mice. Ultrastructural observations by TEM bring to light the uptake of smallest particles by enterocytes associated with conspicuous changes in enterocytic cells. Completely recovery of cell morphology was detected after 24h of first inoculation with MS. CHI/PVA microspheres appear to be a safe and simple system to be used in an anticryptosporidial treatment. The distinctive features of neonatal mice requires further work to determine the suppressive effect of this particulate delivery system on C. parvum attachment in other animal models.
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Hens B, Brouwers J, Anneveld B, Corsetti M, Symillides M, Vertzoni M, Reppas C, Turner DB, Augustijns P. Gastrointestinal transfer: In vivo evaluation and implementation in in vitro and in silico predictive tools. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 63:233-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Singh I, Swami R, Khan W, Sistla R. Lymphatic system: a prospective area for advanced targeting of particulate drug carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 11:211-29. [PMID: 24350774 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.866088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lymphatic system has a critical role in the immune system's recognition and response to disease and it is an additional circulatory system throughout the entire body. Extensive multidisciplinary investigations have been carried out in the area of lymphatic delivery, and lymphatic targeting has attracted a lot of attention for providing preferential chemotherapy and improving bioavailability of drugs that undergo hepatic first-pass metabolism. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on progress in the field of lymphatic therapeutics and diagnosis. Moreover, the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, particulate drug carriers and different physicochemical parameters of both modified and unmodified particulate drug carriers and their effect on lymphatic targeting are addressed. EXPERT OPINION Particulate drug carriers have encouraged lymphatic targeting, but there are still challenges in targeting drugs and bioactives to specific sites, maintaining desired action and crossing all the physiological barriers. Lymphatic therapy using drug-encapsulated lipid carriers, especially liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, emerges as a new technology to provide better penetration into the lymphatics where residual disease exists. Size is the most important criteria when designing nanocarriers for targeting lymphatic vessels as the transportation of these particles into lymphatic vessels is size dependent. By increasing our understanding of lymphatic transport and uptake, and the role of lymphatics in various diseases, we can design new therapeutics for effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Department of Pharmaceutics , Hyderabad 500037 , India +91 40 27193004, +91 40 23073741 ; +91 40 27193753, +91 40 23073751 ; ;
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Wiwanitkit V. Interest in paromomycin for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). Ther Clin Risk Manag 2012; 8:323-8. [PMID: 22802694 PMCID: PMC3395406 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s30139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an important vector-borne disease, and it is classified as one of the most important tropical fly-borne infections. This disease can cause two types of clinical manifestations: cutaneous forms and visceral forms. Visceral leishmaniasis, which is also called kala-azar, is a very serious infection that can be fatal. The management of visceral leishmaniasis requires informed diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Continuous research and development regarding the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis had led to many improvements. Paromomycin is a relatively new antibiotic drug that has been used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis for several years. This article reviews and discusses the use of paromomycin for visceral leishmaniasis therapy.
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Khan W, Kumar R, Singh S, Arora SK, Kumar N. Paromomycin-loaded albumin microspheres: Efficacy and stability studies. Drug Test Anal 2012; 5:468-73. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wahid Khan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER); Nagar; India
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh; India
| | - Sukhvinder Singh
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh; India
| | - Sunil Kumar Arora
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh; India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER); Nagar; India
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Khan W, Sharma SS, Kumar N. Bioanalytical method development, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity studies of paromomycin and paromomycin loaded in albumin microspheres. Drug Test Anal 2012; 5:453-60. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER); S.A.S.; Nagar; India
| | - Shyam S. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; NIPER; S.A.S.; Nagar; India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER); S.A.S.; Nagar; India
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