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Gray B, Lubbock K, Love C, Ryder E, Hudson S, Scarth J. Analytical advances in horseracing medication and doping control from 2018 to 2023. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 39010718 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The analytical approaches taken by laboratories to implement robust and efficient regulation of horseracing medication and doping control are complex and constantly evolving. Each laboratory's approach will be dictated by differences in regulatory, economic and scientific drivers specific to their local environment. However, in general, laboratories will all be undertaking developments and improvements to their screening strategies in order to meet new and emerging threats as well as provide improved service to their customers. In this paper, the published analytical advances in horseracing medication and doping control since the 22nd International Conference of Racing Analysts and Veterinarians will be reviewed. Due to the unprecedented impact of COVID-19 on the worldwide economy, the normal 2-year period of this review was extended to over 5 years. As such, there was considerable ground to cover, resulting in an increase in the number of relevant publications included from 107 to 307. Major trends in publications will be summarised and possible future directions highlighted. This will cover developments in the detection of 'small' and 'large' molecule drugs, sample preparation procedures and the use of alternative matrices, instrumental advances/applications, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, the detection and prevalence of 'endogenous' compounds and biomarker and OMICs approaches. Particular emphasis will be given to research into the potential threat of gene doping, which is a significant area of new and continued research for many laboratories. Furthermore, developments in analytical instrumentation relevant to equine medication and doping control will be discussed.
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Coliță D, Coliță CI, Hermann DM, Coliță E, Doeppner TR, Udristoiu I, Popa-Wagner A. Therapeutic Use and Chronic Abuse of CNS Stimulants and Anabolic Drugs. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4902-4920. [PMID: 36286048 PMCID: PMC9600088 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The available evidence suggests that affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety, increase risk for accelerated cognitive decline and late-life dementia in aging individuals. Behavioral neuropsychology studies also showed that cognitive decline is a central feature of aging impacting the quality of life. Motor deficits are common after traumatic brain injuries and stroke, affect subjective well-being, and are linked with reduced quality of life. Currently, restorative therapies that target the brain directly to restore cognitive and motor tasks in aging and disease are available. However, the very same drugs used for therapeutic purposes are employed by athletes as stimulants either to increase performance for fame and financial rewards or as recreational drugs. Unfortunately, most of these drugs have severe side effects and pose a serious threat to the health of athletes. The use of performance-enhancing drugs by children and teenagers has increased tremendously due to the decrease in the age of players in competitive sports and the availability of various stimulants in many forms and shapes. Thus, doping may cause serious health-threatening conditions including, infertility, subdural hematomas, liver and kidney dysfunction, peripheral edema, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, thrombosis, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we focus on the impact of doping on psychopathological disorders, cognition, and depression. Occasionally, we also refer to chronic use of therapeutic drugs to increase physical performance and highlight the underlying mechanisms. We conclude that raising awareness on the health risks of doping in sport for all shall promote an increased awareness for healthy lifestyles across all generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Coliță
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020276 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cezar-Ivan Coliță
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020276 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (I.U.); (A.P.-W.)
| | - Dirk M. Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Eugen Coliță
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020276 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Thorsten R. Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ion Udristoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (I.U.); (A.P.-W.)
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (I.U.); (A.P.-W.)
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Cawley A, Keen B, Tou K, Elbourne M, Keledjian J. Biomarker ratios. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:983-990. [PMID: 35293161 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cawley
- Australian Racing Forensic Laboratory, Racing NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bethany Keen
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy Tou
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Madysen Elbourne
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - John Keledjian
- Australian Racing Forensic Laboratory, Racing NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cloteau C, Dervilly G, Kaabia Z, Bagilet F, Delcourt V, Loup B, Guitton Y, Royer AL, Monteau F, Garcia P, Ma P, Le Bizec B, Bailly-Chouriberry L. FROM A NON-TARGETED METABOLOMICS APPROACH TO A TARGETED BIOMARKERS STRATEGY TO HIGHLIGHT TESTOSTERONE ABUSE IN EQUINE. ILLUSTRATION OF A METHODOLOGICAL TRANSFER BETWEEN PLATFORMS AND LABORATORIES. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:864-878. [PMID: 35001538 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to overcome the challenge associated with the screening of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) abuses in animal competitions, a non-targeted LC-HRMS based metabolomics approach was implemented on equine urine samples to highlight potential biomarkers associated with the administration of such compounds, using testosterone esters as model steroids. A statistical model relying on 4 potential biomarkers intensity could be defined to predict the status of the samples. With a routine application perspective, the monitoring of the highlighted potential biomarkers was first transferred into high-throughput LC-SRM. The model's performances and robustness of the approach were preserved and providing a first demonstration of metabolomics-based biomarkers integration within a targeted workflow using common benchtop MS instrumentation. In addition, with a view to the widespread implementation of such biomarker-based tools, we have transferred the method to a second laboratory with similar instrumentation. This proof of concept allows the development and application of biomarker-based strategies to meet current doping control needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cloteau
- ONIRIS, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | | | - Z Kaabia
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - F Bagilet
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - V Delcourt
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - B Loup
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - Y Guitton
- ONIRIS, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, France
| | - A L Royer
- ONIRIS, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, France
| | - F Monteau
- ONIRIS, INRAE, LABERCA, Nantes, France
| | - P Garcia
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
| | - Popot Ma
- Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques (GIE-LCH), Verrières le Buisson, France
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