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Kim MJ, Choi HS, Shin H, Lee JH, Kim NS, Kim H. Simultaneous Detection Method of 11 Respiratory Drug Substances Including Theobromine, Oxymetazoline, etc. in Adulterated Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae044. [PMID: 38935431 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the demand for respiratory disease-related products has surged due to the influence of coronavirus disease 2019, prompting warnings about illegal dietary supplements containing unauthorized substances. Additionally, adulterated dietary supplements are continuously detected in open markets, posing significant public health safety problem. In this study, we developed and validated an analytical method for 11 respiratory drug substances using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and proposed optimal conditions for LC-quadrupole time-of-flight MS (LC-QTOF-MS) to determine the fragmentation patterns of each substance. This method underwent thorough validation considering specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, stability, etc. All results met international guidelines. These validated methods were applied to 52 dietary supplements advertised for treating respiratory diseases and enhancing respiratory function, among which one sample was found to contain 313.7 mg/g of theobromine. This determination was made by comparing the product ion ratios with the standards and subsequent quantification. To re-confirm the detected substances, their fragmentation patterns were compared with those of the standards using LC-QTOF-MS. In conclusion, the mass-based information, coupled with the LC-ESI-MS/MS method development, can be successfully applied to rapidly identify 11 respiratory drug substances in illegal dietary supplements used for respiratory disease treatment. The developed simultaneous detection method contributes to public health and safety improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Kim
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Seong Choi
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Shin
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kim
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungil Kim
- Advanced Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Ma P, Wang Z, Sun M, Hou B, Xu T, Li W, Yang X, Du G, Ji T, Qiang G. Uncovering the effect and mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins on metabolic syndrome by network pharmacology strategy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115680. [PMID: 36058479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of disease centered on obesity, which is the result of stagnation of liver qi according to traditional Chinese medicine. Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, entering liver and stomach meridians and dissipating blood stasis, in which panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the main active components. However, its effects and mechanism on metabolic syndrome has not been revealed yet. AIM OF STUDY To evaluate the anti-MetS effect of PNS, including body weight and adiposity, glucose metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as to explore the mechanism and signaling pathway of PNS on MetS effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC was utilized to affirm the percentages of saponins in PNS. In vivo, normal C57BL/6J mice and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS mice were used to evaluate anti-MetS effect of PNS. Body weight, food and water intake were recorded. NMR imager was used for NMR imaging and lipid-water analysis. Blood glucose detection, glucose and insulin tolerance test were performed to evaluate glucose metabolism. Biochemical indexes analysis and histopathological staining were used to evaluate the effect on NAFLD. The expressions of mRNA and proteins related to thermogenesis in adipose tissue were determined using real-time PCR and Western blot. In silico, network pharmacology was utilized to predict potential mechanism. In vitro, matured 3T3-L1 adipocyte was used as subject to confirm the signaling pathway by Western blot. RESULTS We determined the content of PNS component by HPLC. In vivo, PNS could improve metabolic syndrome with weight loss, reduction of adiposity, improvement of adipose distribution, correction of glucose metabolism disorder and attenuation of NAFLD. Mechanismly, PNS boosted energy exhaustion and dramatically enhanced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), induced white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. In silico, utilizing network pharmacology strategy, we identified 307 candidate targets which were enriched in MAPK signaling pathway specifically in liver tissue and adipocyte. In vitro validation confirmed ERK and p38MAPK mediated anti-MetS effects of PNS, not JNK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION PNS exerted protective effect on metabolic syndrome through MAPK-mediated adipose thermogenic activation, which may serve as a prospective therapeutic drug for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China; College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Biyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tianshu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tengfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Love
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
- 70113 Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington, DC, 20005-3967, USA
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The use of liquid phase separation techniques for heroin chemical profiling. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
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Mella-Raipán J, Romero-Parra J, Recabarren-Gajardo G. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Heroin and Desomorphine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3905-3927. [PMID: 32568519 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are arguably one of the most important pharmacologic classes, mainly due to their rich history, their useful and potent analgesic effects, and also, just as importantly, their "Dark Side", constituted by their reinforcing properties that have led countless of users to a spiral of addiction, biological dependence, tolerance, withdrawal syndromes, and death. Among the most significant abused and addictive known opioids are heroin and desomorphine, both synthetic derivatives of morphine that belong to the 4,5-epoxymorphinan structural chemical group of the opioid family drugs. These agents share not only structural, pharmacological, and epidemiological features but also a common geographical distribution. A drop in Afghan heroin production and its "exports" to Russia gave rise to widespread consumption of desomorphine in ex-Soviet republics during the first decade of the 21st century, representing an economical and accessible alternative for misusers to this sort of derivative. Herein we review the state of the art of history, chemistry and synthesis, pharmacology, and impact on society of these "cursed cousins".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Mella-Raipán
- Instituto de Quı́mica y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaı́so, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaı́so 2360102, Chile
- Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaı́so,, Av. Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaı́so 2360102, Chile
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Fisicoquı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Casilla
233, 8380492 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Recabarren-Gajardo
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory, BHSL, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Quı́mica y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile,, Marcoleta 391, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
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