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Guan M, Liu Z, Yu X, Zhang S, Huang X, Lei H, Guan T. Rapid Screening of Emergent Febuxostat Adulteration in Functional Foods Based on a Simulation-Inspired High-Quality Antibody. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39024178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to the potential health risks of adulterated febuxostat in uric-acid-lowering foods, it is urgent to develop rapid detection methods. However, there are no fast analytical techniques for febuxostat yet. Herein, an efficient hapten simulation strategy was proposed to successfully produce a highly sensitive and selective monoclonal antibody toward febuxostat. Based on such a robust recognition element, easy colorimetric and ultrasensitive fluorescent lateral flow immunochromatographic immunoassays were first established, which can detect febuxostat as low as 60 μg/kg by the naked eye or 1.01 μg/kg by a commercial test strip reader with acceptable stability. Furthermore, in the recovery test and blind sample analysis, consistent results between our methods and the authorized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method suggested the high accuracy and practicality of this work. The present work not only proposes a rational hapten design idea but also provides favorable tools for the rapid screening of febuxostat in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtong Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Sichuan Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- National Nutrition Food Testing Center, Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518131, China
| | - Xinan Huang
- Tropical Medicine Institute and South China Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tian Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Thorsteinsdottir UA, Runolfsdottir HL, Eiriksson FF, Agustsdottir IMS, Edvardsson VO, Palsson R, Thorsteinsdottir M. Optimization and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous quantification of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, adenine, allopurinol, oxypurinol and febuxostat in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124041. [PMID: 38359644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency is a rare , hereditary disorder characterized by renal excretion of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA), leading to kidney stone formation and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Treatment with a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, allopurinol or febuxostat, reduces urinary DHA excretion and slows the progression of CKD. The method currently used for therapeutic monitoring of APRT deficiency lacks specificity and thus, a more reliable measurement technique is needed. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of DHA, adenine, allopurinol, oxypurinol and febuxostat in human plasma was optimized and validated. Plasma samples were prepared with protein precipitation using acetonitrile followed by evaporation. The chemometric approach design of experiments was implemented to optimize gradient steepness, amount of organic solvent, flow rate, column temperature, cone voltage, desolvation temperature and desolvation flow rate. Experimental screening was conducted using fractional factorial design with addition of complementary experiments at the axial points for optimization of peak area, peak resolution and peak width. The assay was validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for bioanalytical method validation over the concentration range of 50 to 5000 ng/mL for DHA, allopurinol and febuxostat, 100 to 5000 ng/mL for adenine and 50 to 12,000 ng/mL for oxypurinol, with r2 ≥ 0.99. The analytical assay achieved acceptable performance of accuracy (-10.8 to 8.3 %) and precision (CV < 15 %). DHA, adenine, allopurinol, oxypurinol and febuxostat were stable in plasma samples after five freeze-thaw cycles at -80 °C and after storage at -80 °C for 12 months. The assay was evaluated for quantification of the five analytes in clinical plasma samples from six APRT deficiency patients and proved to be both efficient and accurate. The proposed assay will be valuable for guiding pharmacotherapy and thereby contribute to improved and more personalized care for patients with APRT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnur A Thorsteinsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; ArcticMass, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Inger M Sch Agustsdottir
- Children's Medical Center, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vidar O Edvardsson
- Children's Medical Center, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Runolfur Palsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Division of Nephrology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Margret Thorsteinsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; ArcticMass, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Abdel-Wahab BA, El-Shoura EAM, Shafiuddin Habeeb M, Zafaar D. Febuxostat alleviates Arsenic Trioxide-Induced renal injury in Rats: Insights on the crosstalk between NLRP3/TLR4, Sirt-1/NF-κB/TGF-β signaling Pathways, and miR-23b-3p, miR-181a-5b expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115794. [PMID: 37689273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Febuxostat (FBX), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is known to improve renal function and can show promise as a therapeutic agent for preventing drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of FBX in preventing renal damage caused by arsenic trioxide (ATO) toxicity and uncover the underlying mechanisms. The researchers examined how FBX (10 mg/kg, orally) affected ATO-induced kidney injury (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in rats. Kidney function and toxicity parameters in serum and oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokine levels in renal tissue were measured. H&E staining was used to detect histopathological changes in the kidney. Network the molecular mechanisms of FBX in improving kidney injury were investigated using Western blotting and PCR techniques. The findings showed that FBX improved kidney function by inhibiting the pathological changes seen in H&E staining, decreasing levels of probed kidney function and toxicity measures in serum and tissue, and exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. FBX decreased MDA, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-II, and NADPH oxidase levels, while increased GSH, GPx, SOD, and IL-10 levels. FBX also reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, TLR4, and micro-RNA 181a-5b while increased the expression of IKBα, Sirt-1, and micro-RNA 23b-3p, according to Western blotting and PCR results. In conclusion, FBX can play a vital role in reducing kidney injury in cases of ATO-induced nephrotoxicity, though more clinical research needs to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | | | - Dalia Zafaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University of Technology, and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
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Londhe V, Bakshi P. Improved oral bioavailability of febuxostat by liquid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system in capsule shells. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:833-842. [PMID: 37178907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Febuxostat is a non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor which belongs to the BCS class II. Main aim of this study is to enhance dissolution and bioavailability of a drug by formulating a liquid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) in different capsule shells. METHOD Compatability of gelatin and cellulose capsule shells was checked with different oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. Solubility studies were then carried out in selected excipients. Capryol 90, labrasol, and PEG 400 were used in a liquid SMEDDS formulation based on phase diagram and the drug loading. Further SMEDDS was characterized for zeta potential, globule size and shape, thermal stability and in vitro release. Based on the in vitro release, pharmacokinetic study was carried out using SMEDDS in gelatin capsule shells. RESULT The diluted SMEDDS had globule size of 157.9±1.5d.nm, zeta potential of -16.2±0.4mV and they were thermodynamically stable. The formulation was found stable for 12 months in capsule shells. When tested in different media (0.1N HCl and pH 4.5 acetate buffer), the in vitro release of newly produced formulations differed substantially from that of commercially available tablets, while the release rate in alkaline medium (pH 6.8) was comparable and the highest. According to in vivo findings in rats, a threefold increase in plasma concentration, a fourfold increase in AUC0-t, and a reduction in oral clearance increased fuxostat's oral bioavailability. CONCLUSION This investigation revealed that the novel liquid SMEDDS formulation sealed in capsules has considerable potential as a vehicle for enhancing the bioavailability of febuxostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Londhe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle [W], 400056 Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Pooja Bakshi
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle [W], 400056 Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Abdallah NA, Fathy ME, Tolba MM, El-Brashy AM, Ibrahim FA. Multi-spectroscopic assay methods for concurrent determination of recent anti-gout combination, a comparative study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122670. [PMID: 37019003 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Chemometric calibration methods in spectrophotometric analysis are achieving significant attention in the quality control of resolving drug mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations containing two or more drugs with overlapping spectra. The simple univariate methods have been used over the last few decades and has proven to be highly efficient and easy to apply. In this study, a comparative study was performed between some univariate and multivariate methods to determine if chemometric methods can substitute univariate methods in pharmaceutical analysis. In this study, three chemometric techniques were compared to seven univariate techniques to resolve a mixture of mefenamic acid and febuxostat in their raw materials, dosage forms and spiked human plasma. Mefenamic acid and febuxostat were used together for treatment of gout. The applied chemometric methods are partial least squares (PLS), artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm partial least squares (GA-PLS), while the used univariate methods include first derivative, second derivative, ratio spectra, derivative ratio spectra, ratio subtraction, Q-Absorbance ratio and mean centering spectrophotometric methods. The ten proposed methods were found to be green, sensitive, and rapid. They are simple and did not require any pre-separation steps. The results of both univariate and multivariate approaches were statistically compared with the reported spectrophotometric methods using student's t test and ratio variance F-test. They were also compared with each other, using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). These methods were assessed and validated according to ICH guidelines. The studied drugs were analyzed in their pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked human plasma with good recoveries using the developed methods, which qualify them for routine quality control of the studied drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mona E Fathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Manar M Tolba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amina M El-Brashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fawzia A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Saha M, Bali A, Patra SR, Singh J. Identification and characterization of stress degradation products of febuxostat employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/photodiode array and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/time-of-flight studies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9423. [PMID: 36278931 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Febuxostat (FEB) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. There were no reports on identification and characterization of stress degradation products of the drug. METHODS FEB was subjected to forced decomposition conditions such as hydrolysis (neutral, acidic, and alkaline), oxidation, photolysis, and thermal stress, per the ICH guideline Q1A(R2). The degradation products formed were subjected to ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) on a C18 Kinetex column (100 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) using isocratic elution method. Detection wavelength was 317 nm. The developed method was extended to UPLC-mass spectrometry/time of flight (MS/TOF) studies to identify and characterize the degradation products. RESULTS The drug exhibited significant degradation under alkaline/neutral hydrolytic, alkaline/acidic photolytic, and oxidative conditions, whereas it remained stable under acid hydrolytic, neutral photolytic, and thermal conditions. In total, eight degradation products (I-VIII) were formed, which could be adequately determined from the drug using the developed UPLC method. Of the eight degradation products identified from the liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV) chromatogram, five (III and IV and VI-VIII) could be characterized using their MS/TOF spectral data. The degradation pathway leading to the formation of the products was postulated, and this is not reported so far. CONCLUSIONS Forced degradation studies were conducted on FEB, and the degradation products produced were identified by their mass spectral data obtained using LC-MS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Saha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bali
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Smruti Ranjan Patra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Joga Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Application of Box–Behnken design combined response surface methodology to optimize HPLC and spectrophotometric techniques for quantifying febuxostat in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked wastewater samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Magdy G, Belal F, Abdel-Megied AM, Abdel Hakiem AF. Two different synchronous spectrofluorimetric approaches for simultaneous determination of febuxostat and ibuprofen. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210354. [PMID: 34084553 PMCID: PMC8150019 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two green, simple and sensitive synchronous spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for the first time for the simultaneous estimation of febuxostat (FEB) and ibuprofen (IBU). Method I is constant-wavelength synchronous spectrofluorimetry where FEB and IBU were recorded at 329 and 258 nm, respectively, using Δλ of 40 nm. Method II is constant-energy synchronous spectrofluorimetry using a wavenumber interval of -4000 cm-1. All measurements were carried out in a borate buffer of pH 7 and distilled water for dilution which increased the methods' greenness. The two methods were rectilinear over concentration ranges of 30.0-700.0 ng ml-1 and 0.5-9.0 µg ml-1 in the first method and 20.0-500.0 ng ml-1 and 0.1-8.0 µg ml-1 in the second method for FEB and IBU, respectively. High sensitivity was attained for the two drugs with limits of quantitations (LODs) down to 0.41 and 5.51 ng ml-1 in the first method and 0.25 and 3.32 ng ml-1 in the second method for FEB and IBU, respectively. Recovery percentages were in the range of 97.3-101.9% after extraction from spiked human plasma samples, demonstrating high bioanalytical applicability. The two methods were further applied to tablet dosage forms with good recovery results. The methods' greenness was assessed according to the analytical Eco-Scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ahmed F. Abdel Hakiem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Magdy G, Abdel Hakiem AF, Belal F, Abdel-Megied AM. A novel quality by design approach for development and validation of a green reversed-phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of lesinurad, febuxostat, and diflunisal: Application to human plasma. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2177-2188. [PMID: 33773042 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel and eco-friendly reversed-phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection was developed for simultaneous estimation of two co-administered antigout drugs (lesinurad and febuxostat) with diflunisal as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Unlike routine methodology, the developed method was optimized using analytical quality by design approach. A full factorial design was applied to optimize the effect of variable factors on chromatographic responses. The chromatographic separation was performed using isocratic elution on the Hypersil BDS C18 column at 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:potassium phosphate buffer (30.0 mM; pH 5.5, 32.2:67.8% v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and injection volume of 20.0 μL was employed. The proposed method was able to separate the ternary mixture in <10 min. The calibration curves of diflunisal, lesinurad, and febuxostat were linear over concentration ranges of 50.0-500.0, 50.0-700.0, and 20.0-700.0 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery percentages ranging from 98.1 to 101.3% with % relative standard deviation of <2% were obtained upon spiking to human plasma samples, indicating high bioanalytical applicability. Furthermore, the method was found to be excellent green when it was assessed according to Green Analytical Procedure Index and analytical Eco-Scale guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Abdel Hakiem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
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Magdy G, Belal FF, Abdel-Megied AM, Abdel Hakiem AF. Micelle-Enhanced conventional and synchronous spectrofluorimetric methods for the simultaneous determination of lesinurad and febuxostat: Application to human plasma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119239. [PMID: 33310619 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple synchronous spectrofluorimetric method was developed for simultaneous determination of lesinurad and febuxostat. The investigated drugs were measured at 294 and 329 nm, respectively in the presence of each other without interference at Δλ of 50 nm (Method I). The different experimental parameters affecting the fluorescence intensities were carefully studied and optimized. The maximum synchronous fluorescence intensities were obtained at pH 6.5 using borate buffer and distilled water was used as a diluting solvent. Excellent linearity ranges were obtained using 20.0-500.0 ng mL-1 and 1.0-80.0 ng mL-1 for lesinurad and febuxostat, respectively. The method exhibited high sensitivity with detection limits down to 4.0 ng mL-1 and 0.01 ng mL-1 and quantitation limits down to 12.12 ng mL-1 and 0.02 ng mL-1, respectively. Recovery percentages ranged from 97.68 to 103.37% were obtained upon spiking of human plasma samples, indicating high bioanalytical applicability. Concerning Method II, methanolic solution of lesinurad was measured spectroflourimetrically with λexcitation at 290 nm and λemission at 341 nm with high sensitivity using borate buffer of pH 6.5 and methanol as a diluting solvent. A considerable enhancement of the fluorescence intensity was achieved by using 1.0% w/v cetremide as a micellar system. The method was rectilinear over the concentration range of 3.0-80.0 ng mL-1 with detection and quantitation limits down to 0.47 and 1.42 ng mL-1, respectively. The developed method was efficiently applied for the estimation of the cited drug in spiked human plasma with high recovery percentages (98.58-101.64%). The methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and further applied to commercial tablets with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Fathalla F Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
| | - Ahmed F Abdel Hakiem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
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11
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Xu Y, Chen J, Yang D, Hu Y, Hu X, Jiang B, Ruan Z, Lou H. Development of LC-MS/MS determination method and backpropagation artificial neural networks pharmacokinetic model of febuxostat in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 46:333-342. [PMID: 33201513 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Febuxostat is a well-known drug for treating hyperuricemia and gout. The published methods for determination of febuxostat in human plasma might be unsuitable for high-throughput determination and widespread application. We need to develop a highly selective, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. METHODS The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil Gold-C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.9 μm) column with mobile phase A (Water containing 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantification using target ions at m/z 315.3 → m/z 271.3 for febuxostat and m/z 324.3 → m/z 280.3 for Febuxostat-d9 (IS). A backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) pharmacokinetic model was constructed by the data of bioequivalence study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After the LC-MS/MS method validated, it was successfully applied to the bioequivalence study of 30 human volunteers under fed condition. The predicted concentrations generated by BPANN model had a high correlation coefficient with experimental values. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION A sensitive LC-MS/MS method had been developed and validated for determination of febuxostat in healthy subjects under fed condition, and a BPANN model was developed that can be used to predict the plasma concentration of febuxostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Xu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Hu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zourong Ruan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honggang Lou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gabani BB, Saini NK, Jairam RK, Shrinivas P, Trivedi RK, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. Simultaneous determination of colchicine and febuxostat in rat plasma: Application in a rat pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4939. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeraj Kumar Saini
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Jubilant Biosys Ltd Bangalore India
| | - Ravi Kumar Jairam
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Jubilant Biosys Ltd Bangalore India
| | - Pavan Shrinivas
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Jubilant Biosys Ltd Bangalore India
| | - Ravi Kumar Trivedi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Jubilant Biosys Ltd Bangalore India
| | | | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Jubilant Biosys Ltd Bangalore India
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El-Shenawy AA, Abdelhafez WA, Ismail A, Kassem AA. Formulation and Characterization of Nanosized Ethosomal Formulations of Antigout Model Drug (Febuxostat) Prepared by Cold Method: In Vitro/Ex Vivo and In Vivo Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 21:31. [PMID: 31858305 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Febuxostat (FXT) is a xanthine oxidase (XO) drug which indicated for the treatment of gout. FXT loaded nanosized ethosomes were prepared using cold method with varied concentrations of ethyl alcohol and soya lecithin (SL). The prepared ethosomes were characterized by size, entrapment efficiency (DEE), FT-IR, in vitro release, kinetic studies of in vitro release profile, in vitro skin permeation and deposition, and stability study. The selected ethosomal formulation was incorporated in HPMC gel and characterized for drug content, ex vivo diffusion study through rat skin, and in vivo study and determination of pharmacokinetic parameters using HPLC technique. The results of size analysis showed that minimum size was 124.2 ± 16.77 nm with PDI values between 0.2 and 0.6. The zeta potential was from - 43.5 ± 3.0 to - 20.6 ± 1.42 mV. DEE ranged from 48 to 86%. The results of in vitro skin permeation showed that the amount FXT permeated ranged from 43.33 ± 5.3 to 82.14 ± 5.8%, flux ranged from 14.85 to 28.02. The results of ex vivo study showed that the amount of FXT permeated from unprocessed FXT gel was 49.42 ± 3.29% which was lesser than from FXT ethosomal gel. The results of in vivo study showed that Cmax and tmax were significantly different and higher for transdermal administration of FXT than oral administration. The developed FXT nanosized selected ethosome-based transdermal drug delivery gel system would provide a promising method for better management of gout.
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Kamel B, Williams KM, Graham GG, Norris RL, Stocker SL, Carland JE, Pile KD, Day RO. Determination of febuxostat in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence-detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Hosny NM, Atia NN, El-Gizawy SM. A review on: Analysis of certain drugs used in gout treatment. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Atia NN, El-Gizawy SM, Hosny NM. Facile micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for picogram level determination of febuxostat; application in tablets and in real human plasma. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Hosny NM, Huddersman K, El-Gizawy SM, Atia NN. New approach for simultaneous analysis of commonly used antigout drugs by HPLC/UV method; Application in pharmaceutical and biological analysis. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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A novel HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of febuxostat and diclofenac in biological samples: pharmacokinetic outcomes. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:41-54. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a simple HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of febuxostat (FEB) and diclofenac (DIC) in biological samples to assess pharmacokinetic outcomes of their coadministration. Methodology & results: Sample preparation was performed by liquid–liquid extraction. Drugs analysis was done on C18 column using methanol-formic acid pH 2.1 (76:24, v/v) as mobile phase and time-programmed UV detection. Lower limits of quantitation for FEB and DIC were 10 and 20 ng/ml, respectively. Baseline pharmacokinetics were similar to published data on either drug alone. Coadministration led to more than twofold increase in FEB Cmax and AUC together with a reduced hepatic uptake in rats. Conclusion: DIC interfered with initial distribution and terminal clearance of FEB potentially due to reduced FEB hepatic uptake.
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19
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El-Yazbi FA, Amin OA, El-Kimary EI, Khamis EF, Younis SE. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic methods for the determination of febuxostat and febuxostat/diclofenac combination in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1086:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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El-Gizawy SM, Atia NN, Hosny NM. Fluorimetric determination of febuxostat in dosage forms and in real human plasma via Förster resonance energy transfer. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:877-884. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samia M. El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Noha N. Atia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Noha M. Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
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Mohamed AMI, Omar MA, Derayea SM, Hammad MA, Mohamed AA. Innovative thin-layer chromatographic method combined with fluorescence detection for specific determination of Febuxostat: Application in biological fluids. Talanta 2018; 176:318-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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22
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Hosny NM, Atia NN, El-Gizawy SM, Badary DM, Hareedy MS. Innovative HPTLC method with fluorescence detection for assessment of febuxostat–montelukast combination and study of their protective effects against gouty arthritis. Analyst 2018; 143:4366-4378. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of montelukast, febuxostat and their combination on a model of acute gouty arthritis, and to establish a HPTLC method for determination of both drugs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Assiut University
- Assiut 71526
- Egypt
| | - Noha N. Atia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Assiut University
- Assiut 71526
- Egypt
| | - Samia M. El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Assiut University
- Assiut 71526
- Egypt
| | - Dalia M. Badary
- Department of Pathology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Assiut University
- Assiut 71526
- Egypt
| | - Mohammad S. Hareedy
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Assiut University
- Assiut 71526
- Egypt
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23
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NIGOVIC B, MILANOVIC I. Green Electroanalytical Method for Fast Measurement of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:1219-1223. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Tandel D, Shah P, Patel K, Thakkar V, Patel K, Gandhi T. Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Quantification of Febuxostat in Plasma Using RP-HPLC and Its Pharmacokinetic Application. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1827-1833. [PMID: 27601045 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using novel salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction technique has been developed for the quantitative determination of febuxostat (FEB), used for the treatment of gout, in rat plasma. The method was validated according to US FDA guideline. Separation was achieved using a Phenomenex Luna-C18 (250 × 4.60 mm, 5 µm) column and mobile phase composed of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer 25 mM, adjusted to pH 6.8 with triethylamine:methanol in a ratio of 35:65 (v/v) showing retention time 5.56 and 8.86 min for FEB and internal standard, respectively. The optimal salting-out parameters; 1 mL of acetonitrile and 200 µL of 2 M ammonium acetate salt showed extraction recovery >90% for FEB from plasma. This extraction procedure afforded clear samples resulting in convenient and cost-saving procedure and showed good linear relationship (r > 0.9997) between peak area ratio and concentration from 0.3 to 20 µg/mL. The results of pharmacokinetic study showed that absorption profile of spherical agglomerate of FEB compared to marketed formulation was higher indicating greater systemic absorption. In conclusion, the developed SALLE-HPLC method with simple ultraviolet detection offered a number of advantages including good quantitative ability, wide linear range, high recovery, short analysis time as well as low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devang Tandel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Purvi Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India,
| | - Kalpana Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Vaishali Thakkar
- Department of Quality Assurance, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Kirti Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001, India
| | - Tejal Gandhi
- Department of Quality Assurance, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
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25
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Omar MA, Mohamed AMI, Derayea SM, Hammad MA, Mohamed AA. Specific and highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for determination of febuxostat in its tablets and real human plasma. Application to stability studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11246c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, specific and highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for determination of febuxostat (FEB) in its tablets and real human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Omar
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Minia University
- Minia
- Egypt
| | | | - Sayed M. Derayea
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Minia University
- Minia
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hammad
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Minia University
- Minia
- Egypt
| | - Abobakr A. Mohamed
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Minia University
- Minia
- Egypt
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26
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Simultaneous determination of febuxostat and its three active metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese healthy volunteers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:216-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Method Development and Validation for Determination of Febuxostat
from Spiked Human Plasma Using RP-HPLC with UV Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/307430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, selective, and specific reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection (315 nm) was developed and validated for estimation of febuxostat from spiked human plasma. The analyte and internal standard (diclofenac) were extracted using LLE with diethyl ether. The chromatographic separation was performed on Shodex C-18-4E (5 μm; 250×4.6 mm) with a mobile phase comprised of methanol : acetate buffer pH 4, 20 mM (90 : 10 v/v), at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Febuxostat was well resolved from plasma constituents and internal standard. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 250–8000 ng/mL. The heteroscedasticity was minimized by using weighted least square regression with weighing factor of 1/x. The intraday and interday %RSD was less than 15. Results of recovery studies prove the extraction efficiency. Stability data indicated that febuxostat was stable in plasma after three freeze thaw cycles and upon storage at −20°C for 30 days.
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28
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Lukram OK, Sharma R. High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of endothelin receptor antagonist drug, ambrisentan, in human plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1147-55. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ojit Kumar Lukram
- LifeSan Clinical Research, Division of Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd; Centaur House, Near Hotel Grand Hyatt; Vakola, Santacruz (E) Mumbai 400055 India
| | - Ramkishor Sharma
- LifeSan Clinical Research, Division of Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd; Centaur House, Near Hotel Grand Hyatt; Vakola, Santacruz (E) Mumbai 400055 India
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29
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Chandu BR, Kanala K, Hwisa NT, Katakam P, Khagga M. Bioequivalance and pharmacokinetic study of febuxostat in human plasma by using LC-MS/MS with liquid liquid extraction method. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:194. [PMID: 23741640 PMCID: PMC3664180 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A bioequivalence study was proved of generic Febuxostat 80 mg tablets (T) in healthy volunteers.For this purpose, Authors developed a simple, sensitive, selective, rapid, rugged and reproducible liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of Febuxostat (FB) in human plasma using Febuxostat D7 (FBD7) as an internal standard (IS) was used. Chromatographic separation was performed on Ascentis Express C18 (50x4.6 mm, 3.5 μ) column. Mobile phase composed of 10 mM Ammonium formate: Acetonitrile (20:80 v/v), with 0.8 mL/min flow-rate. Drug and IS were extracted by Liquid- liquid extraction. FB and FBD7 were detected with proton adducts at m/z 317.1→261.1 and 324.2→262.1 in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) positive mode respectively. The method was validated with the correlation coefficients of (r(2)) ≥ 0.9850 over a linear concentration range of 1.00-8000.00 ng/mL. This method demonstrated intra and inter-day precision within 2.64 to 3.88 and 2.76 to 8.44% and accuracy within 97.33 to 99.05 and 100.30 to 103.19% for FB. This method is successfully applied in the Bioequivalence study of 9 human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Rao Chandu
- />Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al-Zawia, Zawiya, Libya
| | - Kanchanamala Kanala
- />Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Andhrapradesh, 515002 India
- />Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Pidatapolur, Muthukur, Nellore, Andhrapradesh 524346 India
| | - Nagiat T Hwisa
- />Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al-Zawia, Zawiya, Libya
| | - Prakash Katakam
- />Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al-Zawia, Zawiya, Libya
| | - Mukkanti Khagga
- />Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Andhrapradesh, 500072 India
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Establishment of inherent stability of febuxostat and development of a validated stability-indicating method by UPLC according to ICH requirement. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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