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Chen JC, Yang W, Tseng LY, Chang HL. Enteric neurospheres retain the capacity to assemble neural networks with motile and metamorphic gliocytes and ganglia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:290. [PMID: 37798638 PMCID: PMC10557225 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosphere medium (NSM) and self-renewal medium (SRM) were widely used to isolate enteric neural stem cells (ENSCs) in the form of neurospheres. ENSCs or their neurosphere forms were neurogenic and gliogenic, but the compelling evidence for their capacity of assembling enteric neural networks remained lacking, raising the question of their aptitude for rebuilding the enteric nervous system (ENS) in ENSC therapeutics. It prompted us to explore an effective culture protocol or strategy for assembling ENS networks, which might also be employed as an in vitro model to simplify the biological complexity of ENS embedded in gut walls. METHODS NSM and SRM were examined for their capacity to generate neurospheres in mass culture of dispersed murine fetal enterocytes at serially diluted doses and assemble enteric neural networks in two- and three-dimensional cell culture systems and ex vivo on gut explants. Time-lapse microphotography was employed to capture cell activities of assembled neural networks. Neurosphere transplantation was performed via rectal submucosal injection. RESULTS In mass culture of dispersed enterocytes, NSM generated discrete units of neurospheres, whereas SRM promoted neural network assembly with neurospheres akin to enteric ganglia. Both were highly affected by seeding cell doses. SRM had similar ENSC mitosis-driving capacity to NSM, but was superior in driving ENSC differentiation in company with heightened ENSC apoptosis. Enteric neurospheres were motile, capable of merging together. It argued against their clonal entities. When nurtured in SRM, enteric neurospheres proved competent to assemble neural networks on two-dimensional coverslips, in three-dimensional hydrogels and on gut explants. In the course of neural network assembly from enteric neurospheres, neurite extension was preceded by migratory expansion of gliocytes. Assembled neural networks contained motile ganglia and gliocytes that constantly underwent shapeshift. Neurospheres transplanted into rectal submucosa might reconstitute myenteric plexuses of recipients' rectum. CONCLUSION Enteric neurospheres mass-produced in NSM might assemble neural networks in SRM-immersed two- or three-dimensional environments and on gut explants, and reconstitute myenteric plexuses of the colon after rectal submucosal transplantation. Our results also shed first light on the dynamic entity of ENS and open the experimental avenues to explore cellular activities of ENS and facilitate ENS demystification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Chang Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 5, Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Wendy Yang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 5, Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Tseng
- Pediatric Research Center, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ling Chang
- Pediatric Research Center, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
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2
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Nguyen DT, Famiglietti JE, Smolchek RA, Dupee Z, Diodati N, Pedro DI, Urueña JM, Schaller MA, Sawyer WG. 3D In Vitro Platform for Cell and Explant Culture in Liquid-like Solids. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060967. [PMID: 35326418 PMCID: PMC8946834 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing 3D cell models and technologies have offered tools to elevate cell culture to a more physiologically relevant dimension. One mechanism to maintain cells cultured in 3D is by means of perfusion. However, existing perfusion technologies for cell culture require complex electronic components, intricate tubing networks, or specific laboratory protocols for each application. We have developed a cell culture platform that simply employs a pump-free suction device to enable controlled perfusion of cell culture media through a bed of granular microgels and removal of cell-secreted metabolic waste. We demonstrated the versatile application of the platform by culturing single cells and keeping tissue microexplants viable for an extended period. The human cardiomyocyte AC16 cell line cultured in our platform revealed rapid cellular spheroid formation after 48 h and ~90% viability by day 7. Notably, we were able to culture gut microexplants for more than 2 weeks as demonstrated by immunofluorescent viability assay and prolonged contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T. Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (J.E.F.); (R.A.S.); (N.D.); (D.I.P.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Jack E. Famiglietti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (J.E.F.); (R.A.S.); (N.D.); (D.I.P.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Ryan A. Smolchek
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (J.E.F.); (R.A.S.); (N.D.); (D.I.P.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Zadia Dupee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Z.D.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Nickolas Diodati
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (J.E.F.); (R.A.S.); (N.D.); (D.I.P.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Diego I. Pedro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (J.E.F.); (R.A.S.); (N.D.); (D.I.P.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Juan M. Urueña
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (J.E.F.); (R.A.S.); (N.D.); (D.I.P.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Matthew A. Schaller
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Z.D.); (M.A.S.)
| | - W. Gregory Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (J.E.F.); (R.A.S.); (N.D.); (D.I.P.); (J.M.U.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Baydoun M, Vanneste SB, Creusy C, Guyot K, Gantois N, Chabe M, Delaire B, Mouray A, Baydoun A, Forzy G, Chieux V, Gosset P, Senez V, Viscogliosi E, Follet J, Certad G. Three-dimensional (3D) culture of adult murine colon as an in vitro model of cryptosporidiosis: Proof of concept. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17288. [PMID: 29230047 PMCID: PMC5725449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of diarrheal illness and was recently potentially associated with digestive carcinogenesis. Despite its impact on human health, Cryptosporidium pathogenesis remains poorly known, mainly due to the lack of a long-term culture method for this parasite. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) culture model from adult murine colon allowing biological investigations of the host-parasite interactions in an in vivo-like environment and, in particular, the development of parasite-induced neoplasia. Colonic explants were cultured and preserved ex vivo for 35 days and co-culturing was performed with C. parvum. Strikingly, the resulting system allowed the reproduction of neoplastic lesions in vitro at 27 days post-infection (PI), providing new evidence of the role of the parasite in the induction of carcinogenesis. This promising model could facilitate the study of host-pathogen interactions and the investigation of the process involved in Cryptosporidium-induced cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Baydoun
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,ISA-YNCREA Hauts-de-France, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz Vanneste
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Laboratoire Ecologie et Biodiversité, Faculté de Gestion Economie et Sciences, Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Colette Creusy
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hopitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Karine Guyot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Magali Chabe
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Baptiste Delaire
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hopitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Anthony Mouray
- Plateforme d'Expérimentations et de Hautes Technologies Animales, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Atallah Baydoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gerard Forzy
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Groupement des Hospitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Vincent Chieux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Groupement des Hospitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hopitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Vincent Senez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Follet
- ISA-YNCREA Hauts-de-France, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France. .,Département de la Recherche Médicale, Groupement des Hopitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France.
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4
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Abstract
The complex functions of the gastrointestinal tract rely on the coordinated interplay of several cell and tissue types involving epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscles as well as cells of the immune and nervous system. It is therefore obvious, that these functions can hardly be investigated sufficiently using cell lines or two-dimensional cell cultures.Here, we describe an easy to produce three-dimensional organotypical explants culture from fetal and neonatal murine colon. This model is suitable for in vitro testing of intestinal function or the evaluation of developmental or pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Neckel
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lothar Just
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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5
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Isolation, expansion and transplantation of postnatal murine progenitor cells of the enteric nervous system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97792. [PMID: 24871092 PMCID: PMC4037209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem or progenitor cells have been proposed to restore gastrointestinal function in patients suffering from congenital or acquired defects of the enteric nervous system. Various, mainly embryonic cell sources have been identified for this purpose. However, immunological and ethical issues make a postnatal cell based therapy desirable. We therefore evaluated and quantified the potential of progenitor cells of the postnatal murine enteric nervous system to give rise to neurons and glial cells in vitro. Electrophysiological analysis and BrdU uptake studies provided direct evidence that generated neurons derive from expanded cells in vitro. Transplantation of isolated and expanded postnatal progenitor cells into the distal colon of adult mice demonstrated cell survival for 12 weeks (end of study). Implanted cells migrated within the gut wall and differentiated into neurons and glial cells, both of which were shown to derive from proliferated cells by BrdU uptake. This study indicates that progenitor cells isolated from the postnatal enteric nervous system might have the potential to serve as a source for a cell based therapy for neurogastrointestinal motility disorders. However, further studies are necessary to provide evidence that the generated cells are capable to positively influence the motility of the diseased gastrointestinal tract.
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6
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Mohr R, Neckel P, Zhang Y, Stachon S, Nothelfer K, Schaeferhoff K, Obermayr F, Bonin M, Just L. Molecular and cell biological effects of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine on progenitor cells of the enteric nervous system in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:1191-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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7
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Daviaud N, Garbayo E, Schiller PC, Perez-Pinzon M, Montero-Menei CN. Organotypic cultures as tools for optimizing central nervous system cell therapies. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:429-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Niu X, de Graaf IAM, Groothuis GMM. Evaluation of the intestinal toxicity and transport of xenobiotics utilizing precision-cut slices. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:73-83. [PMID: 23106567 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.729870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
1.The precision-cut intestinal slice (PCIS) technology is a relatively new addition to the battery of in vitro assays for evaluation of xenobiotic toxicity, metabolism, and transport. 2.The intestine is an important target for drug-induced toxicity due to its high exposure after oral administration. Therefore, the prediction of drug-induced intestinal side effects remains a significant safety issue in pharmaceutical development. Although animal experiments have been proven useful, species differences and the requirement for reduction of animal use warrant the development of in vitro methods which can apply human tissue. 3.The enterocytes lining the villi express high activities of enzymes and transporters involved in drug disposition. They vary highly in activities: along the length of the intestine and along the villi, gradients of expression levels of the enzymes and proteins exist, which necessitates an in vitro model that can reflect the different regions of the intestine. 4.In this chapter, the application of PCIS in studies on transport and toxicity of xenobiotics is reviewed. PCIS can be prepared from each region of the intestine and from various species in a similar manner, and the results published so far indicate that they represent a promising model to evaluate intestinal toxicity and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Department of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Randall KJ, Turton J, Foster JR. Explant culture of gastrointestinal tissue: a review of methods and applications. Cell Biol Toxicol 2011; 27:267-84. [PMID: 21384137 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-011-9187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an important target organ for the toxicity of xenobiotics. The toxic effects of xenobiotics on this complex, heterogeneous structure have been difficult to model in vitro and have traditionally been assessed in vivo. The explant culture of GI tissue offers an alternative approach. Historically, the organotypic culture of the GI tract proved far more challenging than the culture of other tissues, and it was not until the late 1960s that Browning and Trier described the means by which intestinal tissues could be successfully cultured. This breakthrough provided a tool researchers could utilise, and adapt, to investigate topics such as the pathogenesis of inflammatory intestinal diseases, the effect of growth factors and cytokines on intestinal proliferation and differentiation, and the testing of novel xenobiotics for efficacy and safety. This review considers that intestinal explant culture shows much potential for the application of a relatively under-used procedure in future biomedical research. Furthermore, there appear to be many instances where the technique may provide experimental solutions where both cell culture and in vivo models have been unable to deliver conclusive and convincing findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Randall
- Safety Assessment UK, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
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10
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Metzger M, Bareiss PM, Danker T, Wagner S, Hennenlotter J, Guenther E, Obermayr F, Stenzl A, Koenigsrainer A, Skutella T, Just L. Expansion and differentiation of neural progenitors derived from the human adult enteric nervous system. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:2063-2073.e4. [PMID: 19549531 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neural stem and progenitor cells from the enteric nervous system have been proposed for use in cell-based therapies against specific neurogastrointestinal disorders. Recently, enteric neural progenitors were generated from human neonatal and early postnatal (until 5 years after birth) gastrointestinal tract tissues. We investigated the proliferation and differentiation of enteric nervous system progenitors isolated from human adult gastrointestinal tract. METHODS Human enteric spheroids were generated from adult small and large intestine tissues and then expanded and differentiated, depending on the applied cell culture conditions. For implantation studies, spheres were grafted into fetal slice cultures and embryonic aganglionic hindgut explants from mice. Differentiating enteric neural progenitors were characterized by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine labeling, in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and electrophysiological studies. RESULTS The yield of human neurosphere-like bodies was increased by culture in conditional medium derived from fetal mouse enteric progenitors. We were able to generate proliferating enterospheres from adult human small or large intestine tissues; these enterospheres could be subcultured and maintained for several weeks in vitro. Spheroid-derived cells could be differentiated into a variety of neuronal subtypes and glial cells with characteristics of the enteric nervous system. Experiments involving implantation into organotypic intestinal cultures showed the differentiation capacity of neural progenitors in a 3-dimensional environment. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to isolate and expand enteric progenitor cells from human adult tissue. These findings offer new strategies for enteric stem cell research and future cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Metzger
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Bareiss PM, Metzger M, Sohn K, Rupp S, Frick JS, Autenrieth IB, Lang F, Schwarz H, Skutella T, Just L. Organotypical tissue cultures from adult murine colon as an in vitro model of intestinal mucosa. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 129:795-804. [PMID: 18320204 PMCID: PMC2584443 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Together with animal experiments, organotypical cell cultures are important models for analyzing cellular interactions of the mucosal epithelium and pathogenic mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we introduce a three-dimensional culture model from the adult mouse colon for cell biological investigations in an in vivo-like environment. These explant cultures were cultured for up to 2 weeks and maintained typical characteristics of the intestinal mucosa, including a high-prismatic epithelium with specific epithelial cell-to-cell connections, a basal lamina and various connective tissue cell types, as analyzed with immunohistological and electron microscopic methods. The function of the epithelium was tested by treating the cultures with dexamethasone, which resulted in a strong upregulation of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 similar to that found in vivo. The culture system was investigated in infection experiments with the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Wildtype but not Deltacph1/Deltaefg1-knockout Candida adhered to, penetrated and infiltrated the epithelial barrier. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of this intestinal in vitro model for studying epithelial cell-cell interactions, cellular signaling and microbiological infections in a three-dimensional cell arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra M Bareiss
- Institute of Anatomy, Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Eberhardt-Karls-University Tuebingen, Oesterbergstrasse 3, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
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