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Lee SH, Wang CY, Li IJ, Abe G, Ota KG. Exploring the origin of a unique mutant allele in twin-tail goldfish using CRISPR/Cas9 mutants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8716. [PMID: 38622170 PMCID: PMC11018756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial selection has been widely applied to genetically fix rare phenotypic features in ornamental domesticated animals. For many of these animals, the mutated loci and alleles underlying rare phenotypes are known. However, few studies have explored whether these rare genetic mutations might have been fixed due to competition among related mutated alleles or if the fixation occurred due to contingent stochastic events. Here, we performed genetic crossing with twin-tail ornamental goldfish and CRISPR/Cas9-mutated goldfish to investigate why only a single mutated allele-chdS with a E127X stop codon (also called chdAE127X)-gives rise to the twin-tail phenotype in the modern domesticated goldfish population. Two closely related chdS mutants were generated with CRISPR/Cas9 and compared with the E127X allele in F2 and F3 generations. Both of the CRISPR/Cas9-generated alleles were equivalent to the E127X allele in terms of penetrance/expressivity of the twin-tail phenotype and viability of carriers. These findings indicate that multiple truncating mutations could have produced viable twin-tail goldfish. Therefore, the absence of polymorphic alleles for the twin-tail phenotype in modern goldfish likely stems from stochastic elimination or a lack of competing alleles in the common ancestor. Our study is the first experimental comparison of a singular domestication-derived allele with CRISPR/Cas9-generated alleles to understand how genetic fixation of a unique genotype and phenotype may have occurred. Thus, our work may provide a conceptual framework for future investigations of rare evolutionary events in domesticated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jia Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
| | - Gembu Abe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, Nishi-cho 86, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kinya G Ota
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan.
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2
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Concha ML, Reig G. Origin, form and function of extraembryonic structures in teleost fishes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210264. [PMID: 36252221 PMCID: PMC9574637 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost eggs have evolved a highly derived early developmental pattern within vertebrates as a result of the meroblastic cleavage pattern, giving rise to a polar stratified architecture containing a large acellular yolk and a small cellular blastoderm on top. Besides the acellular yolk, the teleost-specific yolk syncytial layer (YSL) and the superficial epithelial enveloping layer are recognized as extraembryonic structures that play critical roles throughout embryonic development. They provide enriched microenvironments in which molecular feedback loops, cellular interactions and mechanical signals emerge to sculpt, among other things, embryonic patterning along the dorsoventral and left-right axes, mesendodermal specification and the execution of morphogenetic movements in the early embryo and during organogenesis. An emerging concept points to a critical role of extraembryonic structures in reinforcing early genetic and morphogenetic programmes in reciprocal coordination with the embryonic blastoderm, providing the necessary boundary conditions for development to proceed. In addition, the role of the enveloping cell layer in providing mechanical, osmotic and immunological protection during early stages of development, and the autonomous nutritional support provided by the yolk and YSL, have probably been key aspects that have enabled the massive radiation of teleosts to colonize every ecological niche on the Earth. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L. Concha
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Germán Reig
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica y del Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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3
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Heilig AK, Nakamura R, Shimada A, Hashimoto Y, Nakamura Y, Wittbrodt J, Takeda H, Kawanishi T. Wnt11 acts on dermomyotome cells to guide epaxial myotome morphogenesis. eLife 2022; 11:71845. [PMID: 35522214 PMCID: PMC9075960 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal axial muscles, or epaxial muscles, are a fundamental structure covering the spinal cord and vertebrae, as well as mobilizing the vertebrate trunk. To date, mechanisms underlying the morphogenetic process shaping the epaxial myotome are largely unknown. To address this, we used the medaka zic1/zic4-enhancer mutant Double anal fin (Da), which exhibits ventralized dorsal trunk structures resulting in impaired epaxial myotome morphology and incomplete coverage over the neural tube. In wild type, dorsal dermomyotome (DM) cells reduce their proliferative activity after somitogenesis. Subsequently, a subset of DM cells, which does not differentiate into the myotome population, begins to form unique large protrusions extending dorsally to guide the epaxial myotome dorsally. In Da, by contrast, DM cells maintain the high proliferative activity and mainly form small protrusions. By combining RNA- and ChIP-sequencing analyses, we revealed direct targets of Zic1, which are specifically expressed in dorsal somites and involved in various aspects of development, such as cell migration, extracellular matrix organization, and cell-cell communication. Among these, we identified wnt11 as a crucial factor regulating both cell proliferation and protrusive activity of DM cells. We propose that dorsal extension of the epaxial myotome is guided by a non-myogenic subpopulation of DM cells and that wnt11 empowers the DM cells to drive the coverage of the neural tube by the epaxial myotome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kathrin Heilig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryohei Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shimada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kawanishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Takashima S, Takemoto S, Toyoshi K, Ohba A, Shimozawa N. Zebrafish model of human Zellweger syndrome reveals organ-specific accumulation of distinct fatty acid species and widespread gene expression changes. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:307-323. [PMID: 34016526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In Zellweger syndrome (ZS), lack of peroxisome function causes physiological and developmental abnormalities in many organs such as the brain, liver, muscles, and kidneys, but little is known about the exact pathogenic mechanism. By disrupting the zebrafish pex2 gene, we established a disease model for ZS and found that it exhibits pathological features and metabolic changes similar to those observed in human patients. By comprehensive analysis of the fatty acid profile, we found organ-specific accumulation and reduction of distinct fatty acid species, such as an accumulation of ultra-very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ultra-VLC-PUFAs) in the brains of pex2 mutant fish. Transcriptome analysis using microarray also revealed mutant-specific gene expression changes that might lead to the symptoms, including reduction of crystallin, troponin, parvalbumin, and fatty acid metabolic genes. Our data indicated that the loss of peroxisomes results in widespread metabolic and gene expression changes beyond the causative peroxisomal function. These results suggest the genetic and metabolic basis of the pathology of this devastating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Shoko Takemoto
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kayoko Toyoshi
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohba
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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5
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Wang J, He W, Zeng J, Li L, Zhang G, Li T, Xiang C, Chai M, Liu S. Genetic Variation in an Experimental Goldfish Derived From Hybridization. Front Genet 2021; 11:595959. [PMID: 33384717 PMCID: PMC7770164 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.595959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Owning to the extreme difficulty in identifying the primary generation (G0), the common ancestor of various twin-tail goldfish strains remains unclear. However, several authors have hypothesized that this ancestor may have been the crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Previously, we generated an experimental hybrid goldfish (EG) from the interspecific hybridization of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus ♀, RCC) × common carp (Cyprinus carpio ♂, CC). Unlike either parent, EG possessed twin caudal fins similar to those of natural goldfish (Carassius auratus, NG). The genetic characteristics of EG, as well as the mechanisms underlying its formation, are largely unknown. Here, we identified the genetic variation in the chordin gene that was associated with the formation of the twin-tail phenotype in EG: a stop codon mutation at the 127th amino acid. Furthermore, simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping indicated that, among the six alleles, all of the EG alleles were also present in female parent (RCC), but alleles specific to the male parent (CC) were completely lost. At some loci, EG and NG alleles differed, showing that these morphologically similar goldfish were genetically dissimilar. Collectively, our results demonstrated that genetic variations and differentiation contributed to the changes of morphological characteristics in hybrid offspring. This analysis of genetic variation in EG sheds new light on the common ancestor of NG, as well as on the role of hybridization and artificial breeding in NG speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiguo He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guigui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tangluo Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Caixia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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6
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Abe G, Lee SH, Li IJ, Ota KG. An alternative evolutionary pathway for the twin-tail goldfish via szl gene mutation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 330:234-241. [PMID: 29947476 PMCID: PMC6033011 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The twin‐tail of ornamental goldfish provides unique evolutionary evidence that the highly conserved midline localization of axial skeleton components can be changed by artificial selection. This morphological change is known to be caused by a nonsense mutation in one of the recently duplicated chordin genes, which are key players in dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning. Since all of the multiple twin‐tail ornamental goldfish strains share the same mutation, it is reasonable to presume that this mutation occurred only once in domesticated goldfish. However, zebrafish with mutated szl gene (another DV patterning‐related gene) also exhibit twin‐tail morphology and higher viability than dino/chordin‐mutant zebrafish. This observation raises the question of whether the szl gene mutation could also reproduce the twin‐tail morphology in goldfish. Here we show that goldfish have at least two subfunctionalized szl genes, designated szlA and szlB, and depletion of these genes in single‐fin goldfish was able to reproduce the bifurcated caudal fin found in twin‐tail ornamental goldfish. Interestingly, several phenotypes were observed in szlA‐depleted fish, while low expressivity of the twin‐tail phenotype was observed in szlB‐depleted goldfish. Thus, even though szl gene mutations may produce twin‐tail goldfish, these szl gene mutations might not be favorable for selection in domestic breeding. These results highlight the uniqueness and rarity of mutations that are able to cause large‐scale morphological changes, such as a bifurcated axial skeleton, with high viability and expressivity in natural and domesticated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gembu Abe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jia Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Kinya G Ota
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
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7
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Guo DD, Sun YW, Cui WT, Guo HH, Du SK, Chen J, Zou SM. Insertional mutagenesis in ChordinA induced by endogenous ΔTgf2 transposon leads to bifurcation of axial skeletal systems in grass goldfish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4098. [PMID: 30858477 PMCID: PMC6411756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The grass goldfish appeared early in the evolutionary history of goldfish, and shows heritable stability in the development of the caudal fin. The twin-tail phenotype is extremely rare, however, some twin-tail individuals were produced in the process of breeding for ornamental value. From mutations in the twin-tail goldfish genome, we identified two kinds of Tgf2 transposons. One type was completely sequenced Tgf2 and the other type was ΔTgf2, which had 858 bp missing. We speculate that the bifurcation of the axial skeletal system in goldfish may be caused by an endogenous ΔTgf2 insertion mutation in Chordin A, as ΔTgf2 has no transposition activity and blocks the expression of Chordin A. The twin-tail showed doubled caudal fin and accumulation of red blood cells in the tail. In addition, in situ hybridization revealed that ventral embryonic tissue markers (eve1, sizzled, and bmp4) were more widely and strongly expressed in the twin-tail than in the wild-type embryos during the gastrula stage, and bmp4 showed bifurcated expression patterns in the posterior region of the twin-tail embryos. These results provide new insights into the artificial breeding of genetically stable twin-tail grass goldfish families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Guo
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yi-Wen Sun
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wen-Tao Cui
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hong-Hong Guo
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shang-Ke Du
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shu-Ming Zou
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.
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8
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Li IJ, Lee SH, Abe G, Ota KG. Embryonic and postembryonic development of the ornamental twin-tail goldfish. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:251-283. [PMID: 30687996 PMCID: PMC6593469 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Twin‐tail ornamental goldfish have “bifurcated median fins,” a peculiar morphology known to be caused by a mutation in the chdA gene. However, several ambiguities regarding the development of the phenotype remain due to a paucity of detailed observations covering the entire developmental timeframe. Results Here, we report a detailed comparative description of embryonic and postembryonic development for two representative twin‐tail ornamental goldfish strains and single‐tail common goldfish. Our observations reveal a polymorphic developmental process for bifurcated median fins; disrupted axial skeletal development at early larval stages; and modified bilateral location of the pelvic fin. Conclusions Variations in development of bifurcated median fins and disrupted axial skeletal patterns reflect how artificial selection for adult morphological features influenced molecular developmental mechanisms during the domestication of twin‐tail ornamental goldfish. The polymorphic appearance of bifurcated median fins also implies that, unlike previously proposed hypotheses, the development of these structures is controlled by molecular mechanisms independent of those acting on the pelvic fin. Our present findings will facilitate further study of how modifications of preexisting developmental systems may contribute to novel morphological features. Developmental Dynamics 248:251–283, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists. This is the first complete study to describe the developmental progression of twin‐tail goldfish. Disrupted axial skeletal morphology in adults develops from a modified osteogenesis process in vertebral elements. The developmental processes for not only the caudal and anal fins, but also pelvic fin, were changed by artificial selection in twin‐tail goldfish. Polymorphic anal and caudal fin development suggested that in addition to the mutation in the chdA gene, other relevant mutations have accumulated in the twin‐tail goldfish. Our developmental observations pave the way to study how the pre‐existing developmental systems were modified by selective pressure for the formation of a novel morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Jia Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
| | - Gembu Abe
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kinya G Ota
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
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9
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Abe G, Li IJ, Lee SH, Ota KG. A novel allele of the goldfish chdB gene: Functional evaluation and evolutionary considerations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2018; 330:372-383. [PMID: 30387925 PMCID: PMC6587777 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The twin tail of ornamental goldfish is known to be caused by a nonsense mutation in one chordin paralogue gene. Our previous molecular studies in goldfish revealed that the ancestral
chordin gene was duplicated, creating the
chdA and
chdB genes, and the subsequent introduction of a stop codon allele in the
chdA gene (
chdAE127X) caused the twin‐tail morphology. The
chdAE127X allele was positively selected by breeders, and the allele was genetically fixed in the ornamental twin‐tail goldfish population. However, little is known about the evolutionary history of the
chdB paralogue, begging the question: are there the functionally distinct alleles at the
chdB locus, and if so, how did they evolve? To address these questions, we conducted molecular sequencing of the
chdB gene from five different goldfish strains and discovered two alleles at the
chdB gene locus; the two alleles are designated
chdB1 and
chdB2. The
chdB1 allele is the major allele and was found in all investigated goldfish strains, whereas the
chdB2 allele is minor, having only been found in one twin‐tail strain. Genetic analyses further suggested that these two alleles are functionally different with regard to survivability (
chdB1 >
chdB2). These results led us to presume that in contrast to the
chdA locus, the
chdB locus has tended to be eliminated from the population. We also discuss how the
chdB2 allele was retained in the goldfish population, despite its disadvantageous function. This study provides empirical evidence of the long‐term retention of a disadvantageous allele under domesticated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gembu Abe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ing-Jia Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Kinya G Ota
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
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10
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Kobayashi D, Asano-Hoshino A, Nakakura T, Nishimaki T, Ansai S, Kinoshita M, Ogawa M, Hagiwara H, Yokoyama T. Loss of zinc finger MYND-type containing 10 (zmynd10) affects cilia integrity and axonemal localization of dynein arms, resulting in ciliary dysmotility, polycystic kidney and scoliosis in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Dev Biol 2017; 430:69-79. [PMID: 28823919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are hair-like organelles that project from the cell surface and play important roles in motility and sensory perception. Motility defects in cilia and flagella lead to primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare human disease. Recently zinc finger MYND-type containing 10 (ZMYND10) was identified in humans as a PCD-associated gene. In this study, we use medaka fish as a model to characterize the precise functions of zmynd10. In medaka, zmynd10 is exclusively expressed in cells with motile cilia. Embryos with zmynd10 Morpholino knockdown exhibited a left-right (LR) defect associated with loss of motility in Kupffer's vesicle (KV) cilia. This immotility was caused by loss of the outer dynein arms, which is a characteristic ultrastructural phenotype in PCD. In addition, KV cilia in zmynd10 knockdown embryos had a swollen and wavy morphology. Together, these results suggest that zmynd10 is a multi-functional protein that has independent roles in axonemal localization of dynein arms and in formation and/or maintenance of cilia. The C-terminal region of zmynd10 has a MYND-type zinc finger domain (zf-MYND) that is important for its function. Our rescue experiment showed that the zmynd10-ΔC truncated protein, which lacks zf-MYND, was still partially functional, suggesting that zmynd10 has another functional domain besides zf-MYND. To analyze the later stages of development, we generated a zmynd10 knockout mutant using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology. Adult mutants exhibited sperm dysmotility, scoliosis and progressive polycystic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Anshin Asano-Hoshino
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nakakura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Nishimaki
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Motoyuki Ogawa
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Haruo Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Yokoyama
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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11
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Abstract
See-through medaka lines are suitable for observing internal organs throughout life. They were bred by crossing multiple color mutants. However, some of the causal genes for these mutants have not been identified. The medaka has four pigment cell types: black melanophores, yellow xanthophores, white leucophores, and silvery iridophores. The causal genes of melanophore, xanthophore, and leucophore mutants have been elucidated, but the causal gene for the iridophore mutant remains unknown. Here, we describe the iridophore mutant, guanineless (gu), which exhibits a strong reduction in visible iridophores throughout its larval to adult stages. The gu locus was previously mapped to chromosome 5, but was located near the telomeric region, making it difficult to integrate into the chromosome. We sought the causal gene of gu using synteny analysis with the zebrafish genome and found a strong candidate, purine nucleoside phosphorylase 4a (pnp4a). Gene targeting and complementation testing showed that pnp4a is the causal gene of gu. This result will allow the establishment of inbred medaka strains or other useful strains with see-through phenotypes without major disruption in the genetic background of each strain.
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12
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Abe G, Lee SH, Li IJ, Chang CJ, Tamura K, Ota KG. Open and closed evolutionary paths for drastic morphological changes, involving serial gene duplication, sub-functionalization, and selection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26838. [PMID: 27220684 PMCID: PMC4879570 DOI: 10.1038/srep26838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin-tail goldfish strains are examples of drastic morphological alterations that emerged through domestication. Although this mutation is known to be caused by deficiency of one of two duplicated chordin genes, it is unknown why equivalent mutations have not been observed in other domesticated fish species. Here, we compared the chordin gene morphant phenotypes of single-tail goldfish and common carp (close relatives, both of which underwent chordin gene duplication and domestication). Morpholino-induced knockdown depleted chordin gene expression in both species; however, while knockdown reproduced twin-tail morphology in single-tail goldfish, it had no effect on common carp morphology. This difference can be explained by the observation that expression patterns of the duplicated chordin genes overlap completely in common carp, but are sub-functionalized in goldfish. Our finding implies that goldfish drastic morphological changes might be enhanced by the subsequent occurrence of three different types of evolutionary event (duplication, sub-functionalization, and selection) in a certain order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gembu Abe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jia Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kinya G. Ota
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan
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13
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Moriyama Y, Ito F, Takeda H, Yano T, Okabe M, Kuraku S, Keeley FW, Koshiba-Takeuchi K. Evolution of the fish heart by sub/neofunctionalization of an elastin gene. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10397. [PMID: 26783159 PMCID: PMC4735684 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of phenotypic traits is a key process in diversification of life. However, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such evolutionary novelties are largely unknown. Here we address the origin of bulbus arteriosus (BA), an organ of evolutionary novelty seen in the teleost heart outflow tract (OFT), which sophisticates their circulatory system. The BA is a unique organ that is composed of smooth muscle while the OFTs in other vertebrates are composed of cardiac muscle. Here we reveal that the teleost-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) gene, elastin b, was generated by the teleost-specific whole-genome duplication and neofunctionalized to contribute to acquisition of the BA by regulating cell fate determination of cardiac precursor cells into smooth muscle. Furthermore, we show that the mechanotransducer yap is involved in this cell fate determination. Our findings reveal a mechanism of generating evolutionary novelty through alteration of cell fate determination by the ECM. The bulbus arteriosus is an organ unique to the heart of teleosts, composed of specialized smooth muscle. Here, the authors show that the gene elastin b, which regulates cell fate of cardiac precursor cells into smooth muscle, evolved after whole-genome duplication and neofunctionalization in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Moriyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ito
- Division of Ecological Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tohru Yano
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masataka Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Kuraku
- Phyloinformatics Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Fred W Keeley
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kazuko Koshiba-Takeuchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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14
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Otsuka T, Tsukahara T, Takeda H. Development of the pancreas in medaka, Oryzias latipes, from embryo to adult. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:557-69. [PMID: 26435359 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To address conserved and unique features of fish pancreas development, we performed extensive analyses of pancreatic development in medaka embryos and adults using pdx1- and ptf1a-transgenic medaka, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The markers used in these analyses included pdx1, nkx6.1, nkx6.2, nkx2.2, Islet1, insulin, Somatostatin, glucagon, ptf1a, ela3l, trypsin, and amylase. The double transgenic (Tg) fish produced in the present study visualizes the development of endocrine (pdx1+) and exocrine (ptf1a+) parts simultaneously in living fishes. Like other vertebrates, the medaka pancreas develops as two (dorsal and ventral) buds in the anterior gut tube, which soon fuse into a single anlagen. The double Tg fish demonstrates that the differential property between the two buds is already established at the initial phase of bud development as indicated by strong pdx1 expression in the dorsal one. This Tg fish also allowed us to examine the gross morphology and the structure of adult pancreas and revealed unique characters of medaka pancreas such as broad and multiple connections with the gut tube along the anterior-posterior axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Otsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukahara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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15
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Wagner JT, Podrabsky JE. Gene expression patterns that support novel developmental stress buffering in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus. EvoDevo 2015; 6:2. [PMID: 25810897 PMCID: PMC4372997 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular signaling mechanisms and morphogenic movements involved in axis formation and gastrulation are well conserved between vertebrates. In nearly all described fish, gastrulation and the initial patterning of the embryonic axis occur concurrently with epiboly. However, annual killifish may be an exception to this norm. Annual killifish inhabit ephemeral ponds in South America and Africa and permanent populations persist by the production of stress-tolerant eggs. Early development of annual killifish is unique among vertebrates because their embryonic blastomeres disperse randomly across the yolk during epiboly and reaggregate several days later to form the embryo proper. In addition, annual killifish are able to arrest embryonic development in one to three stages, known as diapause I, II, and III. Little is known about how the highly conserved developmental signaling mechanisms associated with early vertebrate development may have shifted in order to promote the annual killifish phenotype. One of the most well-characterized and conserved transcription factors, oct4 (Pou5f1), may have a role in maintaining pluripotency. In contrast, BMP-antagonists such as chordin, noggin, and follistatin, have been previously shown to establish dorsal-ventral asymmetry during axis formation. Transcription factors from the SOXB1 group, such as sox2 and sox3, likely work to induce neural specification. Here, we determine the temporal expression of these developmental factors during embryonic development in the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus using quantitative PCR and compare these patterns to other vertebrates. RESULTS Partial transcript sequences to oct4, sox2, sox3, chordin, noggin-1, noggin-2, and follistatin were cloned, sequenced, and identified in A. limnaeus. We found oct4, sox3, chordin, and noggin-1 transcripts to likely be maternally inherited. Expression of sox2, follistatin, and noggin-2 transcripts were highest in stages following a visible embryonic axis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that embryonic cells acquire their germ layer identity following embryonic blastomere reaggregation in A. limnaeus. This process of cellular differentiation and axis formation may involve similar conserved signaling mechanisms to other vertebrates. We propose that the undifferentiated state is prolonged during blastomere dispersal, thus functioning as a developmental stress buffer prior to the establishment of embryonic asymmetry and positional identity among the embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah T Wagner
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA
| | - Jason E Podrabsky
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA
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16
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Nakamura R, Tsukahara T, Qu W, Ichikawa K, Otsuka T, Ogoshi K, Saito TL, Matsushima K, Sugano S, Hashimoto S, Suzuki Y, Morishita S, Takeda H. Large hypomethylated domains serve as strong repressive machinery for key developmental genes in vertebrates. Development 2014; 141:2568-80. [PMID: 24924192 DOI: 10.1242/dev.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic modification in vertebrate genomes and a small fraction of genomic regions is hypomethylated. Previous studies have implicated hypomethylated regions in gene regulation, but their functions in vertebrate development remain elusive. To address this issue, we generated epigenomic profiles that include base-resolution DNA methylomes and histone modification maps from both pluripotent cells and mature organs of medaka fish and compared the profiles with those of human ES cells. We found that a subset of hypomethylated domains harbor H3K27me3 (K27HMDs) and their size positively correlates with the accumulation of H3K27me3. Large K27HMDs are conserved between medaka and human pluripotent cells and predominantly contain promoters of developmental transcription factor genes. These key genes were found to be under strong transcriptional repression, when compared with other developmental genes with smaller K27HMDs. Furthermore, human-specific K27HMDs show an enrichment of neuronal activity-related genes, which suggests a distinct regulation of these genes in medaka and human. In mature organs, some of the large HMDs become shortened by elevated DNA methylation and associate with sustained gene expression. This study highlights the significance of domain size in epigenetic gene regulation. We propose that large K27HMDs play a crucial role in pluripotent cells by strictly repressing key developmental genes, whereas their shortening consolidates long-term gene expression in adult differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukahara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ichikawa
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Otsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ogoshi
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro L Saito
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Department of Medical Genome, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morishita
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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17
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Kimura T, Nagao Y, Hashimoto H, Yamamoto-Shiraishi YI, Yamamoto S, Yabe T, Takada S, Kinoshita M, Kuroiwa A, Naruse K. Leucophores are similar to xanthophores in their specification and differentiation processes in medaka. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7343-8. [PMID: 24803434 PMCID: PMC4034200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311254111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal body color is generated primarily by neural crest-derived pigment cells in the skin. Mammals and birds have only melanocytes on the surface of their bodies; however, fish have a variety of pigment cell types or chromatophores, including melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores. The medaka has a unique chromatophore type called the leucophore. The genetic basis of chromatophore diversity remains poorly understood. Here, we report that three loci in medaka, namely, leucophore free (lf), lf-2, and white leucophore (wl), which affect leucophore and xanthophore differentiation, encode solute carrier family 2, member 15b (slc2a15b), paired box gene 7a (pax7a), and solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter, member 11b (slc2a11b), respectively. Because lf-2, a loss-of-function mutant for pax7a, causes defects in the formation of xanthophore and leucophore precursor cells, pax7a is critical for the development of the chromatophores. This genetic evidence implies that leucophores are similar to xanthophores, although it was previously thought that leucophores were related to iridophores, as these chromatophores have purine-dependent light reflection. Our identification of slc2a15b and slc2a11b as genes critical for the differentiation of leucophores and xanthophores in medaka led to a further finding that the existence of these two genes in the genome coincides with the presence of xanthophores in nonmammalian vertebrates: birds have yellow-pigmented irises with xanthophore-like intracellular organelles. Our findings provide clues for revealing diverse evolutionary mechanisms of pigment cell formation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuaki Kimura
- Interuniversity Bio-Backup Project Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan;Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Nagao
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yo-ichi Yamamoto-Shiraishi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Taijiro Yabe
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan;Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan;Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; and
| | - Atsushi Kuroiwa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Interuniversity Bio-Backup Project Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan;Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan;Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
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18
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Abe G, Lee SH, Chang M, Liu SC, Tsai HY, Ota KG. The origin of the bifurcated axial skeletal system in the twin-tail goldfish. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3360. [PMID: 24569511 PMCID: PMC3948052 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin-tail goldfish possess a bifurcated caudal axial skeleton. The scarcity of this trait in nature suggests that a rare mutation, which drastically altered the mechanisms underlying axial skeleton formation, may have occurred during goldfish domestication. However, little is known about the molecular development of twin-tail goldfish. Here we show that the bifurcated caudal skeleton arises from a mutation in the chordin gene, which affects embryonic dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning. We demonstrate that formation of the bifurcated caudal axial skeleton requires a stop-codon mutation in one of two recently duplicated chordin genes; this mutation may have occurred within approximately 600 years of domestication. We also report that the ventral tissues of the twin-tail strain are enlarged, and form the embryonic bifurcated fin fold. However, unlike previously described chordin-deficient embryos, this is not accompanied by a reduction in anterior–dorsal neural tissues. These results provide insight into large-scale evolution arising from artificial selection. The ornamental twin-tail goldfish has a bifurcated caudal skeleton that arose during domestication, but the developmental mechanisms that generate this tail are unknown. Here, Abe et al. show that a mutation in the chordin gene affects embryonic dorsal–ventral patterning causing the bifurcated tail skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gembu Abe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan 26242, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan 26242, Taiwan
| | - Mariann Chang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan 26242, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan 26242, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Tsai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan 26242, Taiwan
| | - Kinya G Ota
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan 26242, Taiwan
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19
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Kawanishi T, Kaneko T, Moriyama Y, Kinoshita M, Yokoi H, Suzuki T, Shimada A, Takeda H. Modular development of the teleost trunk along the dorsoventral axis and zic1/zic4 as selector genes in the dorsal module. Development 2013; 140:1486-96. [PMID: 23462471 DOI: 10.1242/dev.088567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fish exhibit remarkable diversity in morphology, such as fins and coloration, particularly on the dorsal side. These structures are evolutionary adaptive because their back is highly visible to other individuals. However, owing to the late phenotypic appearance (from larva to adult) and lack of appropriate mutants, the genetic mechanisms that regulate these dorsoventrally asymmetric external patterns are largely unknown. To address this, we have analyzed the spontaneous medaka mutant Double anal fin (Da), which exhibits a mirror-image duplication of the ventral half across the lateral midline from larva to adult. Da is an enhancer mutant for zic1 and zic4 in which their expression in dorsal somites is lost. We show that the dorsoventral polarity in Da somites is lost and then demonstrate using transplantation techniques that somites and their derived tissues globally determine the multiple dorsal-specific characteristics of the body (fin morphology and pigmentation) from embryo to adult. Intriguingly, the zic1/zic4 expression in the wild type persists throughout life in the dorsal parts of somite derivatives, i.e. the myotome, dermis and vertebrae, forming a broad dorsal domain in the trunk. Comparative analysis further implies a central role for zic1/zic4 in morphological diversification of the teleost body. Taken together, we propose that the teleost trunk consists of dorsal/ventral developmental modules and that zic1/zic4 in somites function as selector genes in the dorsal module to regulate multiple dorsal morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawanishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Characterization of the medaka (Oryzias latipes) primary ciliary dyskinesia mutant, jaodori: Redundant and distinct roles of dynein axonemal intermediate chain 2 (dnai2) in motile cilia. Dev Biol 2010; 347:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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Aamar E, Dawid IB. Sox17 and chordin are required for formation of Kupffer's vesicle and left-right asymmetry determination in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:2980-8. [PMID: 20925124 PMCID: PMC3090657 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kupffer's vesicle (KV), a ciliated fluid-filled sphere in the zebrafish embryo with a critical role in laterality determination, is derived from a group of superficial cells in the organizer region of the gastrula named the dorsal forerunner cells (DFC). We have examined the role of the expression of sox17 and chordin (chd) in the DFC in KV formation and laterality determination. Whereas sox17 was known to be expressed in DFC, its function in these cells was not studied before. Further, expression of chd in these cells has not been reported previously. Targeted knockdown of Sox17 and Chd in DFC led to aberrant Left-Right (L-R) asymmetry establishment, as visualized by the expression of southpaw and lefty, and heart and pancreas placement in the embryo. These defects correlated with the formation of small KVs with apparently diminished cilia, consistent with the known requirement for ciliary function in the laterality organ for the establishment of L-R asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor B. Dawid
- Program in Genomics of Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
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22
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Sano S, Takashima S, Niwa H, Yokoi H, Shimada A, Arenz A, Wittbrodt J, Takeda H. Characterization of teleost Mdga1 using a gene-trap approach in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Genesis 2009; 47:505-13. [PMID: 19422017 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
MAM domain containing glycosilphosphatidilinositol anchor 1 (MDGA1) is an IgCAM protein present in many vertebrate species including humans. In mammals, MDGA1 is expressed by a subset of neurons in the developing brain and thought to function in neural cell migration. We identified a fish ortholog of mdga1 by a gene-trap screen utilizing the Frog Prince transposon in medaka (Japanese killifish, Oryzias latipes). The gene-trap vector was inserted into an intronic region of mdga1 to form a chimeric protein with green fluorescent protein, allowing us to monitor mdga1 expression in vivo. Expression of medaka mdga1 was seen in various types of embryonic brain neurons, and specifically in neurons migrating toward their target sites, supporting the proposed function of MDGA1. We also isolated the closely related mdga2 gene, whose expression partially overlapped with that of mdga1. Despite the fact that the gene-trap event eliminated most of the functional domains of the Mdga1 protein, homozygous embryos developed normally without any morphological abnormality, suggesting a functional redundancy of Mdga1 with other related proteins. High sequential homology of MDGA proteins between medaka and other vertebrate species suggests an essential role of the MDGA gene family in brain development among the vertebrate phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sano
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Miyake A, Higashijima SI, Kobayashi D, Narita T, Jindo T, Setiamarga DHE, Ohisa S, Orihara N, Hibiya K, Konno S, Sakaguchi S, Horie K, Imai Y, Naruse K, Kudo A, Takeda H. Mutation in the abcb7 gene causes abnormal iron and fatty acid metabolism in developing medaka fish. Dev Growth Differ 2009; 50:703-16. [PMID: 19046159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2008.01068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) is an emerging model organism for which a variety of unique developmental mutants have now been generated. Our recent mutagenesis screening of the medaka isolated a unique mutant that develops a fatty liver at larval stages. Positional cloning identified the responsible gene as medaka abcb7. Abcb7, a mitochondrial ABC (ATP binding cassette) half-transporter, has been implicated in iron metabolism. Recently, human Abcb7 was found to be mutated in X-linked sideroblastic anemia with cerebellar ataxia (XLSA/A). The homozygous medaka mutant exhibits abnormal iron metabolism in erythrocytes and accumulation of lipid in the liver. Microarray and in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that the expression of genes involved in iron and lipid metabolisms are both affected in the mutant liver, suggesting novel roles of Abcb7 in the development of physiologically functional liver. The medaka abcb7 mutant thus could provide insights into the pathogenesis of XLSA/A as well as the normal function of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Miyake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kobayashi D, Takeda H. Medaka genome project. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 7:415-26. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/eln044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Recent Papers on Zebrafish and Other Aquarium Fish Models. Zebrafish 2007. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2007.9983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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