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Llurba Olive E, Xiao E, Natale DR, Fisher SA. Oxygen and lack of oxygen in fetal and placental development, feto-placental coupling, and congenital heart defects. Birth Defects Res 2019; 110:1517-1530. [PMID: 30576091 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) is part of normal embryonic development, yet the situation is complex. Oxygen (O2 ) is a janus gas with low levels signaling through hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) that are required for development of fetal and placental vasculature and fetal red blood cells. This results in coupling of fetus and mother around midgestation as a functional feto-placental unit (FPU) for O2 transport, which is required for continued growth and development of the fetus. Defects in these processes may leave the developing fetus vulnerable to O2 deprivation or other stressors during this critical midgestational transition when common septal and conotruncal heart defects (CHDs) are likely to arise. Recent human epidemiological and case-control studies support an association between placental dysfunction, manifest as early onset pre-eclampsia (PE) and increased serum bio-markers, and CHD. Animal studies support this association, in particular those using gene inactivation in the mouse. Sophisticated methods for gene inactivation, cell fate mapping, and a quantitative bio-reporter of O2 concentration support the premise that hypoxic stress at critical stages of development leads to CHD. The secondary heart field contributing to the cardiac outlet is a key target, with activation of the un-folded protein response and abrogation of FGF signaling or precocious activation of a cardiomyocyte transcriptional program for differentiation, suggested as mechanisms. These studies provide a strong foundation for further study of feto-placental coupling and hypoxic stress in the genesis of human CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Llurba Olive
- Director of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Sant Pau University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II) RD16/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emily Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David R Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Steven A Fisher
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Mendieta-Serrano MA, Mendez-Cruz FJ, Antúnez-Mojica M, Schnabel D, Alvarez L, Cárdenas L, Lomelí H, Ruiz-Santiesteban JA, Salas-Vidal E. NADPH-Oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species are required for cytoskeletal organization, proper localization of E-cadherin and cell motility during zebrafish epiboly. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:82-98. [PMID: 30342187 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell movements are essential for morphogenesis during animal development. Epiboly is the first morphogenetic process in zebrafish in which cells move en masse to thin and spread the deep and enveloping cell layers of the blastoderm over the yolk cell. While epiboly has been shown to be controlled by complex molecular networks, the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to this process has not previously been studied. Here, we show that ROS are required for epiboly in zebrafish. Visualization of ROS in whole embryos revealed dynamic patterns during epiboly progression. Significantly, inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity leads to a decrease in ROS formation, delays epiboly, alters E-cadherin and cytoskeleton patterns and, by 24 h post-fertilization, decreases embryo survival, effects that are rescued by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Our findings suggest that a delicate ROS balance is required during early development and that disruption of that balance interferes with cell adhesion, leading to defective cell motility and epiboly progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mayra Antúnez-Mojica
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Denhi Schnabel
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Mexico
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Hilda Lomelí
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Mexico
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Liu Z, He C, Chen M, Yang S, Li J, Lin Y, Deng Y, Li N, Guo Y, Yu P, Li X. The effects of lead and aluminum exposure on congenital heart disease and the mechanism of oxidative stress. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:93-98. [PMID: 30031113 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the association between fetal lead or aluminum exposure and congenital heart disease (CHD) occurrence as well as to explore the mechanism of oxidative stress in heart development. METHODS Lead and aluminum concentrations were measured by ICP-MS in umbilical serum. The oxidative stress statuses were analyzed by measuring SOD, GPx and MDA with colorimetric assays. RESULTS Higher concentrations of Al were seen in the CHD groups compared to the controls. The risk of CHD occurrence increased markedly in the highly elevated Al group (aOR 2.08, 95%CI 1.11-3.88). With increasing Al and Pb levels, the activity of SOD decreased, and the level of MDA increased. Significantly decreased activity of SOD and GPx were found in the CHD groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Fetal aluminum exposure may contribute to CHD occurrence. Oxidative stress was related to the concentration of Pb and Al, which may be involved in the occurrence of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhua He
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Red Cross Central Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuihua Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Deng
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nana Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yixiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Li Y, Wang XY, Zhang ZL, Cheng X, Li XD, Chuai M, Lee KKH, Kurihara H, Yang X. Excess ROS induced by AAPH causes myocardial hypertrophy in the developing chick embryo. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:62-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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de Faria Poloni J, Chapola H, Feltes BC, Bonatto D. The importance of sphingolipids and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular development. Biol Cell 2014; 106:167-81. [PMID: 24678717 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ in the embryo to form. Its structural and functional complexity is the result of a thorough developmental program, where sphingolipids play an important role in cardiogenesis, heart maturation, angiogenesis, the regulation of vascular tone and vessel permeability. Sphingolipids are necessary for signal transduction and membrane microdomain formation. In addition, recent evidence suggests that sphingolipid metabolism is directly interconnected to the modulation of oxidative stress. However, cardiovascular development is highly sensitive to excessive reactive species production, and disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism can lead to abnormal development and cardiac disease. Therefore, in this review, we address the molecular link between sphingolipids and oxidative stress, connecting these pathways to cardiovascular development and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice de Faria Poloni
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kovacic JC, Mercader N, Torres M, Boehm M, Fuster V. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: from cardiovascular development to disease. Circulation 2012; 125:1795-808. [PMID: 22492947 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Kovacic
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Bahado-Singh RO, Schenone M, Cordoba M, Shieh WS, Maulik D, Kruger M, Reece EA. Male gender significantly increases risk of oxidative stress related congenital anomalies in the non-diabetic population. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24:687-91. [PMID: 21381882 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2010.529970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress (OS) is an important mechanism of teratogenesis. Recent work suggests increased OS in males. We evaluated whether male gender increased the risk of cyanotic congenital heart defects (CCHD) whose development is linked to OS and other common congenital anomalies (CA) in non-diabetic pregnancies. METHODS CDC-National Center for Health Statistics data for 19 states in 2006 were reviewed. CCHD, anencephaly, spina bifida, congenial diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), omphalocele, gastroschisis, limb defects, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and isolated cleft palate were evaluated. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) were calculated for CA in males with females as the reference group. RESULTS Of 1,194, 581, cases analyzed after exclusions, 3037 (0.25%) had major CA. Males had elevated adjusted OR (95% CI) for CCHD: 1.198 (1.027, 1.397), CDH: 1.487 (1.078, 2.051), and CL/P: 1.431 (1.24, 1.651). There was a significant interaction between cigarette use and (male) fetal gender and also with maternal age in the CL/P group. CONCLUSIONS In non-diabetic pregnancies, male gender appears to be an independent risk factor for some types of CA believed to be associated with OS. Cigarette smoking, a well recognized source of OS only increased the risk of CL/P in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Department of OB/GYN, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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Raddatz E, Thomas AC, Sarre A, Benathan M. Differential contribution of mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, and glycolysis to region-specific oxidant stress in the anoxic-reoxygenated embryonic heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H820-35. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00827.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the developing myocardium to tolerate oxidative stress during early gestation is an important issue with regard to possible detrimental consequences for the fetus. In the embryonic heart, antioxidant defences are low, whereas glycolytic flux is high. The pro- and antioxidant mechanisms and their dependency on glucose metabolism remain to be explored. Isolated hearts of 4-day-old chick embryos were exposed to normoxia (30 min), anoxia (30 min), and hyperoxic reoxygenation (60 min). The time course of ROS production in the whole heart and in the atria, ventricle, and outflow tract was established using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Cardiac rhythm, conduction, and arrhythmias were determined. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, gutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase as well as the content of reduced and oxidized glutathione were measured. The relative contribution of the ROS-generating systems was assessed by inhibition of mitochondrial complexes I and III (rotenone and myxothiazol), NADPH oxidases (diphenylene iodonium and apocynine), and nitric oxide synthases ( N-monomethyl-l-arginine and N-iminoethyl-l-ornithine). The effects of glycolysis inhibition (iodoacetate), glucose deprivation, glycogen depletion, and lactate accumulation were also investigated. In untreated hearts, ROS production peaked at 10.8 ± 3.3, 9 ± 0.8, and 4.8 ± 0.4 min (means ± SD; n = 4) of reoxygenation in the atria, ventricle, and outflow tract, respectively, and was associated with arrhythmias. Functional recovery was complete after 30–40 min. At reoxygenation, 1) the respiratory chain and NADPH oxidases were the main sources of ROS in the atria and outflow tract, respectively; 2) glucose deprivation decreased, whereas glycogen depletion increased, oxidative stress; 3) lactate worsened oxidant stress via NADPH oxidase activation; 4) glycolysis blockade enhanced ROS production; 5) no nitrosative stress was detectable; and 6) the glutathione redox cycle appeared to be a major antioxidant system. Thus, the glycolytic pathway plays a predominant role in reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress during early cardiogenesis. The relative contribution of mitochondria and extramitochondrial systems to ROS generation varies from one region to another and throughout reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Raddatz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, and
| | | | - Alexandre Sarre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, and
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne; and
| | - Messod Benathan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hernández-García D, Wood CD, Castro-Obregón S, Covarrubias L. Reactive oxygen species: A radical role in development? Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:130-43. [PMID: 20353819 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly derived from mitochondrial activity, can damage various macromolecules and consequently cause cell death. This ROS activity has been characterized in vitro, and correlative evidence suggests a role in various pathological conditions. In addition to this passive ROS activity, ROS also participate in cell signaling processes, though the relevance of this function in vivo is poorly understood. Throughout development, elevated cell activity is probably accompanied by highly active metabolism and, consequently, the production of large amounts of ROS. To allow proper development, cells must protect themselves from these potentially damaging ROS. However, to what degree ROS could participate as signaling molecules controlling fundamental and developmentally relevant cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and death is an open question. Here we discuss why available data do not yet provide conclusive evidence on the role of ROS in development, and we review recent methods to detect ROS in vivo and genetic strategies that can be exploited specifically to resolve these uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hernández-García
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
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Gardier S, Pedretti S, Sarre A, Raddatz E. Transient anoxia and oxyradicals induce a region-specific activation of MAPKs in the embryonic heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 340:239-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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