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Optogenetic Manipulation of Olfactory Responses in Transgenic Zebrafish: A Neurobiological and Behavioral Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137191. [PMID: 34281244 PMCID: PMC8269104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is an important neural system for survival and fundamental behaviors such as predator avoidance, food finding, memory formation, reproduction, and social communication. However, the neural circuits and pathways associated with the olfactory system in various behaviors are not fully understood. Recent advances in optogenetics, high-resolution in vivo imaging, and reconstructions of neuronal circuits have created new opportunities to understand such neural circuits. Here, we generated a transgenic zebrafish to manipulate olfactory signal optically, expressing the Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) under the control of the olfactory specific promoter, omp. We observed light-induced neuronal activity of olfactory system in the transgenic fish by examining c-fos expression, and a calcium indicator suggesting that blue light stimulation caused activation of olfactory neurons in a non-invasive manner. To examine whether the photo-activation of olfactory sensory neurons affect behavior of zebrafish larvae, we devised a behavioral choice paradigm and tested how zebrafish larvae choose between two conflicting sensory cues, an aversive odor or the naturally preferred phototaxis. We found that when the conflicting cues (the preferred light and aversive odor) were presented together simultaneously, zebrafish larvae swam away from the aversive odor. However, the transgenic fish with photo-activation were insensitive to the aversive odor and exhibited olfactory desensitization upon optical stimulation of ChR2. These results show that an aversive olfactory stimulus can override phototaxis, and that olfaction is important in decision making in zebrafish. This new transgenic model will be useful for the analysis of olfaction related behaviors and for the dissection of underlying neural circuits.
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Kim HT, Lee MS, Jeong YM, Ro H, Kim DI, Shin YH, Kim JE, Hwang KS, Choi JH, Bahn M, Lee JJ, Lee SH, Bae YK, Lee JS, Choi JK, Kim NS, Yeo CY, Kim CH. Ottogi Inhibits Wnt/β-catenin Signaling by Regulating Cell Membrane Trafficking of Frizzled8. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13278. [PMID: 29038508 PMCID: PMC5643531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling controls critical developmental processes including tissue/body patterning. Here we report the identification of a novel regulator of Wnt signaling, OTTOGI (OTG), isolated from a large-scale expression screening of human cDNAs in zebrafish embryos. Overexpression of OTG in zebrafish embryos caused dorso-anteriorized phenotype, inhibited the expression of Wnt target genes, and prevented nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Conversely, knockdown of zebrafish otg using specific antisense morpholino promoted nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and caused ventralization. However, OTG failed to rescue headless-like phenotype induced by inhibition of GSK-3β activity, suggesting that OTG acts upstream of GSK-3β. OTG bound specifically to Frizzled8 (Fz8) receptor and caused retention of Fz8 in the endoplasmic reticulum possibly by preventing N-linked glycosylation of Fz8. Taken together, our data indicate that OTG functions as a novel negative regulator of Wnt signaling during development by the modulation of cell surface expression of Fz receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Jeong
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Shin
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Minjin Bahn
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Lee
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Sang H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Young-Ki Bae
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, 410-769, South Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, 410-769, South Korea
| | - Joong-Kook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Yeol Yeo
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
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Tapanes-Castillo A, Shabazz FS, Mboge MY, Vajn K, Oudega M, Plunkett JA. Characterization of a novel primary culture system of adult zebrafish brainstem cells. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 223:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Song IS, Jun SY, Na HJ, Kim HT, Jung SY, Ha GH, Park YH, Long LZ, Yu DY, Kim JM, Kim JH, Ko JH, Kim CH, Kim NS. Inhibition of MKK7-JNK by the TOR signaling pathway regulator-like protein contributes to resistance of HCC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1341-1351. [PMID: 22841785 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The TOR signaling pathway regulator-like (TIPRL) protein, the mammalian ortholog of yeast TIP41, was identified in an expression profiling screen for factors that regulate human liver carcinogenesis. We investigated the role of human TIPRL protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We measured the level of TIPRL in HCC and adjacent nontumor tissues from patients. We used small interfering RNAs and zebrafish to study the function of TIPRL. We used annexin V propidium iodide staining and immunoblot analyses to measure apoptosis and activation of apoptotic signaling pathways. We used confocal microscopy, coimmunoprecipitation, and glutathione-S transferase pull-down analyses to determine interactions among mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7 or MAP2K7), TIPRL, and the protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2Ac). We studied the effects of TIPRL in tumor xenografts in mice. RESULTS Levels of TIPRL were higher in HCC tissues and cell lines than nontumor tissues and primary hepatocytes. Knockdown of tiprl expression in zebrafish led to large amounts of apoptosis throughout the embryos. Incubation of HCC cells, but not primary human hepatocytes, with small interfering RNA against TIPRL (siTIPRL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) caused prolonged activation (phosphorylation) of MKK7 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and led to apoptosis, indicated by cleavage of procaspase-8,-3 and of poly-(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase. TIPRL bound to MKK7 and PP2Ac and promoted the interaction between MKK7 and PP2Ac. In mice, injection of HCC xenograft tumors with siTIPRL and TRAIL led to tumor apoptosis and regression. CONCLUSIONS TIPRL is highly up-regulated in human HCC samples and cell lines, compared with noncancerous liver tissues. TIPRL prevents prolonged activation of MKK7 and JNK and TRAIL-induced apoptosis by mediating the interaction between MKK7 and PP2Ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sung Song
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Jun
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Na
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Young Jung
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ga Hee Ha
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Liang Zhe Long
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Ko
- Daejeon-KRIBB-FHCRC Research Cooperation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Hu Z, Zhang J, Zhang Q. Expression pattern and functions of autophagy-related gene atg5 in zebrafish organogenesis. Autophagy 2012; 7:1514-27. [PMID: 22082871 DOI: 10.4161/auto.7.12.18040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The implications of autophagy-related genes in serious neural degenerative diseases have been well documented. However, the functions and regulation of the family genes in embryonic development remain to be rigorously studied. Here, we report on for the first time the important role of atg5 gene in zebrafish neurogenesis and organogenesis as evidenced by the spatiotemporal expression pattern and functional analysis. Using morpholino oligo knockdown and mRNA overexpression, we demonstrated that zebrafish atg5 is required for normal morphogenesis of brain regionalization and body plan as well as for expression regulation of neural gene markers: gli1, huC, nkx2.2, pink1, β-synuclein, xb51 and zic1. We further demonstrated that ATG5 protein is involved in autophagy by LC3-II/LC3I ratio and rapamycin-induction experiments, and that ATG5 is capable of regulating expression of itself gene in the manner of a feedback inhibition loop. In addition, we found that expression of another autophagy-related gene, atg12, is maintained at a higher constant level like a housekeeping gene. This indicates that the formation of the ATG12–ATG5 conjugate may be dependent on ATG5 protein generation and its splicing, rather than on ATG12 protein in zebrafish. Importantly, in the present study, we provide a mechanistic insight into the regulation and functional roles of atg5 in development of zebrafish nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanying Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Cytoarchitectonic and neurochemical differentiation of the visual system in ethanol-induced cyclopic zebrafish larvae. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 33:686-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim HT, So JH, Jung SH, Ahn DG, Koh W, Kim NS, Kim SH, Lee S, Kim CH. Cug2 is essential for normal mitotic control and CNS development in zebrafish. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 11:49. [PMID: 21838932 PMCID: PMC3171718 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background We recently identified a novel oncogene, Cancer-upregulated gene 2 (CUG2), which is essential for kinetochore formation and promotes tumorigenesis in mammalian cells. However, the in vivo function of CUG2 has not been studied in animal models. Results To study the function of CUG2 in vivo, we isolated a zebrafish homologue that is expressed specifically in the proliferating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Morpholino-mediated knockdown of cug2 resulted in apoptosis throughout the CNS and the development of neurodegenerative phenotypes. In addition, cug2-deficient embryos contained mitotically arrested cells displaying abnormal spindle formation and chromosome misalignment in the neural plate. Conclusions Therefore, our findings suggest that Cug2 is required for normal mitosis during early neurogenesis and has functions in neuronal cell maintenance, thus demonstrating that the cug2 deficient embryos may provide a model system for human neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim HT, Lee MS, Choi JH, Jung JY, Ahn DG, Yeo SY, Choi DK, Kim CH. The microcephaly gene aspm is involved in brain development in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:640-4. [PMID: 21620798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
MCPH is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a global reduction in cerebral cortical volume. Homozygous mutation of the MCPH5 gene, also known as ASPM, is the most common cause of the MCPH phenotype. To elucidate the roles of ASPM during embryonic development, the zebrafish aspm was identified, which is specifically expressed in proliferating cells in the CNS. Morpholino-mediated knock-down of aspm resulted in a significant reduction in head size. Furthermore, aspm-deficient embryos exhibited a mitotic arrest during early development. These findings suggest that the reduction in brain size in MCPH might be caused by lack of aspm function in the mitotic cell cycle and demonstrate that the zebrafish can provide a model system for congenital diseases of the human nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Biology and GRAST, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Kim HG, Ahn JW, Kurth I, Ullmann R, Kim HT, Kulharya A, Ha KS, Itokawa Y, Meliciani I, Wenzel W, Lee D, Rosenberger G, Ozata M, Bick DP, Sherins RJ, Nagase T, Tekin M, Kim SH, Kim CH, Ropers HH, Gusella JF, Kalscheuer V, Choi CY, Layman LC. WDR11, a WD protein that interacts with transcription factor EMX1, is mutated in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:465-79. [PMID: 20887964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By defining the chromosomal breakpoint of a balanced t(10;12) translocation from a subject with Kallmann syndrome and scanning genes in its vicinity in unrelated hypogonadal subjects, we have identified WDR11 as a gene involved in human puberty. We found six patients with a total of five different heterozygous WDR11 missense mutations, including three alterations (A435T, R448Q, and H690Q) in WD domains important for β propeller formation and protein-protein interaction. In addition, we discovered that WDR11 interacts with EMX1, a homeodomain transcription factor involved in the development of olfactory neurons, and that missense alterations reduce or abolish this interaction. Our findings suggest that impaired pubertal development in these patients results from a deficiency of productive WDR11 protein interaction.
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Lee S, Koh W, Kim HT, Kim CH, Lee S. Cancer-upregulated gene 2 (CUG2) overexpression induces apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:461-8. [PMID: 20648695 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Recent Papers on Zebrafish and Other Aquarium Fish Models. Zebrafish 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2008.9980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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