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Functional genomics analysis reveals the evolutionary adaptation and demographic history of pygmy lorises. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123030119. [PMID: 36161902 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lorises are a group of globally threatened strepsirrhine primates that exhibit many unusual physiological and behavioral features, including a low metabolic rate, slow movement, and hibernation. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome sequence of the pygmy loris (Xanthonycticebus pygmaeus) and resequenced whole genomes from 50 pygmy lorises and 6 Bengal slow lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis). We found that many gene families involved in detoxification have been specifically expanded in the pygmy loris, including the GSTA gene family, with many newly derived copies functioning specifically in the liver. We detected many genes displaying evolutionary convergence between pygmy loris and koala, including PITRM1. Significant decreases in PITRM1 enzymatic activity in these two species may have contributed to their characteristic low rate of metabolism. We also detected many evolutionarily convergent genes and positively selected genes in the pygmy loris that are involved in muscle development. Functional assays demonstrated the decreased ability of one positively selected gene, MYOF, to up-regulate the fast-type muscle fiber, consistent with the lower proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers in the pygmy loris. The protein product of another positively selected gene in the pygmy loris, PER2, exhibited weaker binding to the key circadian core protein CRY, a finding that may be related to this species' unusual circadian rhythm. Finally, population genomics analysis revealed that these two extant loris species, which coexist in the same habitat, have exhibited an inverse relationship in terms of their demography over the past 1 million years, implying strong interspecies competition after speciation.
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Bu S, Lv Y, Liu Y, Qiao S, Wang H. Zinc Finger Proteins in Neuro-Related Diseases Progression. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:760567. [PMID: 34867169 PMCID: PMC8637543 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.760567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZNF) are among the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic genomes. It contains several zinc finger domains that can selectively bind to certain DNA or RNA and associate with proteins, therefore, ZNF can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. In terms of neurological diseases, numerous studies have shown that many ZNF are associated with neurological diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize the types and roles of ZNF in neuropsychiatric disorders. We will describe the structure and classification of ZNF, then focus on the pathophysiological role of ZNF in neuro-related diseases and summarize the mechanism of action of ZNF in neuro-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Bu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yusheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Yang C, Qi Y, Sun Z. The Role of Sonic Hedgehog Pathway in the Development of the Central Nervous System and Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711710. [PMID: 34307464 PMCID: PMC8295685 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway affects neurogenesis and neural patterning during the development of the central nervous system. Dysregulation of the SHH pathway in the brain contributes to aging-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. At present, the SHH signaling pathway can be divided into the canonical signaling pathway and non-canonical signaling pathway, which directly or indirectly mediates other related pathways involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, an in-depth knowledge of the SHH signaling pathway may open an avenue of possibilities for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the role and mechanism of the SHH signaling pathway in the development of the central nervous system and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will also highlight the potential of the SHH pathway as a therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhitang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Pérez MJ, Ivanyuk D, Panagiotakopoulou V, Di Napoli G, Kalb S, Brunetti D, Al-Shaana R, Kaeser SA, Fraschka SAK, Jucker M, Zeviani M, Viscomi C, Deleidi M. Loss of function of the mitochondrial peptidase PITRM1 induces proteotoxic stress and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in human cerebral organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5733-5750. [PMID: 32632204 PMCID: PMC8758476 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1), a mitochondrial protease involved in mitochondrial precursor processing and degradation, result in a slow-progressing syndrome characterized by cerebellar ataxia, psychotic episodes, and obsessive behavior, as well as cognitive decline. To investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of mitochondrial presequence processing, we employed cortical neurons and cerebral organoids generated from PITRM1-knockout human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). PITRM1 deficiency strongly induced mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and enhanced mitochondrial clearance in iPSC-derived neurons. Furthermore, we observed increased levels of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid β in PITRM1-knockout neurons. However, neither cell death nor protein aggregates were observed in 2D iPSC-derived cortical neuronal cultures. On the other hand, over time, cerebral organoids generated from PITRM1-knockout iPSCs spontaneously developed pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the accumulation of protein aggregates, tau pathology, and neuronal cell death. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a perturbation of mitochondrial function in all cell types in PITRM1-knockout cerebral organoids, whereas immune transcriptional signatures were substantially dysregulated in astrocytes. Importantly, we provide evidence of a protective role of UPRmt and mitochondrial clearance against impaired mitochondrial presequence processing and proteotoxic stress. Here, we propose a novel concept of PITRM1-linked neurological syndrome whereby defects of mitochondrial presequence processing induce an early activation of UPRmt that, in turn, modulates cytosolic quality control pathways. Thus, our work supports a mechanistic link between mitochondrial function and common neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Pérez
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dina Ivanyuk
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Panagiotakopoulou
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Di Napoli
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kalb
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dario Brunetti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rawaa Al-Shaana
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Kaeser
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Anne-Kristin Fraschka
- DFG NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- grid.462573.10000 0004 0427 1414MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- grid.462573.10000 0004 0427 1414MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Ganesan S, Keating AF. Ovarian mitochondrial and oxidative stress proteins are altered by glyphosate exposure in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115116. [PMID: 32634520 PMCID: PMC8500330 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) usage for weed control is extensive. To investigate ovarian impacts of chronic GLY exposure, female C57BL6 mice were orally administered saline as vehicle control (CT) or GLY at 0.25 (G0.25), 0.5 (G0.5), 1.0 (G1.0), 1.5 (G1.5), or 2 (G2.0) mg/kg for five days per wk. for 20 wks. Feed intake increased (P < .05) in G1.5 and G2.0 mice and body weight increased (P < .05) in G1.0 mice. There was no impact of GLY on estrous cyclicity, nor did GLY affect circulating levels of 17β-estradiol or progesterone. Exposure to GLY did not impact heart, liver, spleen, kidney or uterus weight. Both ovarian weight and follicle number were increased (P < .05) by G2.0 but not affected at lower GLY concentrations. There were no detectable effects of GLY on ovarian protein abundance of pAKT, AKT, pAKT:AKT, γH2AX, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B, CYP19A, ERA or ERB. Increased (P < .05) abundance of ATM protein was observed at G0.25 but not higher GLY doses. A dose-dependent effect (P < .10) of GLY exposure on ovarian protein abundance as quantified by LC-MS/MS was observed (G0.25-4 increased, 19 decreased; G0.5-5 increased, 25 decreased; G1.0-65 increased, 7 decreased; G1.5-145 increased, 2 decreased; G2.0-159 increased, 4 decreased). Pathway analysis was performed using DAVID and identified glutathione metabolism, metabolic and proteasome pathways as GLY exposure targets. These data indicate that chronic low-level exposure to GLY alters the ovarian proteome and may ultimately impact ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Ganesan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Kehl A, Göser V, Reuter T, Liss V, Franke M, John C, Richter CP, Deiwick J, Hensel M. A trafficome-wide RNAi screen reveals deployment of early and late secretory host proteins and the entire late endo-/lysosomal vesicle fusion machinery by intracellular Salmonella. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008220. [PMID: 32658937 PMCID: PMC7377517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella enterica is characterized by the formation of a replication-permissive membrane-bound niche, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). As a further consequence of the massive remodeling of the host cell endosomal system, intracellular Salmonella establish a unique network of various Salmonella-induced tubules (SIT). The bacterial repertoire of effector proteins required for the establishment for one type of these SIT, the Salmonella-induced filaments (SIF), is rather well-defined. However, the corresponding host cell proteins are still poorly understood. To identify host factors required for the formation of SIF, we performed a sub-genomic RNAi screen. The analyses comprised high-resolution live cell imaging to score effects on SIF induction, dynamics and morphology. The hits of our functional RNAi screen comprise: i) The late endo-/lysosomal SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex, consisting of STX7, STX8, VTI1B, and VAMP7 or VAMP8, which is, in conjunction with RAB7 and the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, a complete vesicle fusion machinery. ii) Novel interactions with the early secretory GTPases RAB1A and RAB1B, providing a potential link to coat protein complex I (COPI) vesicles and reinforcing recently identified ties to the endoplasmic reticulum. iii) New connections to the late secretory pathway and/or the recycling endosome via the GTPases RAB3A, RAB8A, and RAB8B and the SNAREs VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP4. iv) An unprecedented involvement of clathrin-coated structures. The resulting set of hits allowed us to characterize completely new host factor interactions, and to strengthen observations from several previous studies. The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium induces the reorganization of the endosomal system of mammalian host cells. This activity is dependent on translocated effector proteins of the pathogen. The host cell factors required for endosomal remodeling are only partially known. To identify such factors for the formation and dynamics of endosomal compartments in Salmonella-infected cells, we performed a live cell imaging-based RNAi screen to investigate the role of 496 mammalian proteins involved in cellular logistics. We identified that endosomal remodeling by intracellular Salmonella is dependent on host factors in the following functional classes: i) the late endo-/lysosomal SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex, ii) the early secretory pathway, represented by regulator GTPases RAB1A and RAB1B, iii) the late secretory pathway and/or recycling endosomes represented by GTPases RAB3A, RAB8A, RAB8B, and the SNAREs VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP4, and iv) clathrin-coated structures. The identification of these new host factors provides further evidence for the complex manipulation of host cell transport functions by intracellular Salmonella and should enable detailed follow-up studies on the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kehl
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail: (AK); (MH)
| | - Vera Göser
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tatjana Reuter
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Viktoria Liss
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Maximilian Franke
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christopher John
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Deiwick
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- CellNanOs–Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail: (AK); (MH)
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RAB5A and TRAPPC6B are novel targets for Shiga toxin 2a inactivation in kidney epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4945. [PMID: 32188865 PMCID: PMC7080763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardinal virulence factor of human-pathogenic enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is Shiga toxin (Stx), which causes severe extraintestinal complications including kidney failure by damaging renal endothelial cells. In EHEC pathogenesis, the disturbance of the kidney epithelium by Stx becomes increasingly recognised, but how this exactly occurs is unknown. To explore this molecularly, we investigated the Stx receptor content and transcriptomic profile of two human renal epithelial cell lines: highly Stx-sensitive ACHN cells and largely Stx-insensitive Caki-2 cells. Though both lines exhibited the Stx receptor globotriaosylceramide, RNAseq revealed strikingly different transcriptomic responses to an Stx challenge. Using RNAi to silence factors involved in ACHN cells’ Stx response, the greatest protection occurred when silencing RAB5A and TRAPPC6B, two host factors that we newly link to Stx trafficking. Silencing these factors alongside YKT6 fully prevented the cytotoxic Stx effect. Overall, our approach reveals novel subcellular targets for potential therapies against Stx-mediated kidney failure.
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Göser V, Kehl A, Röder J, Hensel M. Role of the ESCRT‐III complex in controlling integrity of the
Salmonella
‐containing vacuole. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13176. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Göser
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Alexander Kehl
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Institut für HygieneUniversität Münster Münster Germany
- CellNanOs, Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Jennifer Röder
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- CellNanOs, Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
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Wang XZ, Zhang HH, Qian YL, Tang LF. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and CC chemokine ligand 2 signaling pathways in asthma. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:343-350. [PMID: 31058710 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which many cells are involved, including mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and so on. During the process, many chemokines and mediators are released to engage in recruiting and activating eosinophils and other inflammatory cells. Also, some signaling pathways are involved in the pathobiology of asthma. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is one of the members of hedgehog gene families. Shh signaling plays a critical role in the embryonic development, including the lung. Previous findings from our team reveal that Shh is involved in the asthma pathogenesis. Recombinant Shh could induce the CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) overexpressing and Smo inhibitor GDC-O449 could inhibit CCL2 expression in airway epithelial cells, monocytes, or macrophages. Hence, we reviewed the effects of Shh and CCL2 signaling pathways, and the interaction between signaling pathways in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang-Hu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Ling Qian
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Fang Tang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Langer Y, Aran A, Gulsuner S, Abu Libdeh B, Renbaum P, Brunetti D, Teixeira PF, Walsh T, Zeligson S, Ruotolo R, Beeri R, Dweikat I, Shahrour M, Weinberg-Shukron A, Zahdeh F, Baruffini E, Glaser E, King MC, Levy-Lahad E, Zeviani M, Segel R. Mitochondrial PITRM1 peptidase loss-of-function in childhood cerebellar atrophy. J Med Genet 2018; 55:599-606. [PMID: 29764912 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic basis of a childhood-onset syndrome of variable severity characterised by progressive spinocerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, psychotic episodes and cerebellar atrophy. METHODS Identification of the underlying mutations by whole exome and whole genome sequencing. Consequences were examined in patients' cells and in yeast. RESULTS Two brothers from a consanguineous Palestinian family presented with progressive spinocerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and psychotic episodes. Serial brain imaging showed severe progressive cerebellar atrophy. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel mutation: pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1) c.2795C>T, p.T931M, homozygous in the affected children and resulting in 95% reduction in PITRM1 protein. Whole genome sequencing revealed a chromosome X structural rearrangement that also segregated with the disease. Independently, two siblings from a second Palestinian family presented with similar, somewhat milder symptoms and the same PITRM1 mutation on a shared haplotype. PITRM1T931M carrier frequency was 0.027 (3/110) in the village of the first family evaluated, and 0/300 among Palestinians from other locales. PITRM1 is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that degrades 10-65 amino acid oligopeptides, including the mitochondrial fraction of amyloid-beta peptide. Analysis of peptide cleavage activity by the PITRM1T931M protein revealed a significant decrease in the degradation capacity specifically of peptides ≥40 amino acids. CONCLUSION PITRM1T931M results in childhood-onset recessive cerebellar pathology. Severity of PITRM1-related disease may be affected by the degree of impairment in cleavage of mitochondrial long peptides. Disruption and deletion of X linked regulatory segments may also contribute to severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshaya Langer
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Aran
- Department of Pediatrics, Neuropediatrics Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suleyman Gulsuner
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bassam Abu Libdeh
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Makassed Hospital, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul Renbaum
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dario Brunetti
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro-Filipe Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Walsh
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sharon Zeligson
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roberta Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rachel Beeri
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Imad Dweikat
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Makassed Hospital, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maher Shahrour
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Makassed Hospital, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Fouad Zahdeh
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elzbieta Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary-Claire King
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reeval Segel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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Deters KD, Nho K, Risacher SL, Kim S, Ramanan VK, Crane PK, Apostolova LG, Saykin AJ. Genome-wide association study of language performance in Alzheimer's disease. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 172:22-29. [PMID: 28577822 PMCID: PMC5583024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Language impairment is common in prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progresses over time. However, the genetic architecture underlying language performance is poorly understood. To identify novel genetic variants associated with language performance, we analyzed brain MRI and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a composite measure of language performance from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; n=1560). The language composite score was associated with brain atrophy on MRI in language and semantic areas. GWAS identified GLI3 (GLI family zinc finger 3) as significantly associated with language performance (p<5×10-8). Enrichment of GWAS association was identified in pathways related to nervous system development and glutamate receptor function and trafficking. Our results, which warrant further investigation in independent and larger cohorts, implicate GLI3, a developmental transcription factor involved in patterning brain structures, as a putative gene associated with language dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie D Deters
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vijay K Ramanan
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Inhibition of the PtdIns(5) kinase PIKfyve disrupts intracellular replication of Salmonella. EMBO J 2010; 29:1331-47. [PMID: 20300065 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides (3-PtdIns) orchestrate endocytic trafficking pathways exploited by intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella to gain entry into the cell. To infect the host, Salmonellae subvert its normal macropinocytic activity, manipulating the process to generate an intracellular replicative niche. Disruption of the PtdIns(5) kinase, PIKfyve, be it by interfering mutant, siRNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological means, inhibits the intracellular replication of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in epithelial cells. Monitoring the dynamics of macropinocytosis by time-lapse 3D (4D) videomicroscopy revealed a new and essential role for PI(3,5)P(2) in macropinosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion, which is distinct from that of the small GTPase Rab7. This PI(3,5)P(2)-dependent step is required for the proper maturation of the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) through the formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs) and for the engagement of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2-encoded type 3 secretion system (SPI2-T3SS). Finally, although inhibition of PIKfyve in macrophages did inhibit Salmonella replication, it also appears to disrupt the macrophage's bactericidal response.
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