1
|
Wagner S, Whiteley SL, Castelli M, Patel HR, Deveson IW, Blackburn J, Holleley CE, Marshall Graves JA, Georges A. Gene expression of male pathway genes sox9 and amh during early sex differentiation in a reptile departs from the classical amniote model. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:243. [PMID: 37147622 PMCID: PMC10163765 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex determination is the process whereby the bipotential embryonic gonads become committed to differentiate into testes or ovaries. In genetic sex determination (GSD), the sex determining trigger is encoded by a gene on the sex chromosomes, which activates a network of downstream genes; in mammals these include SOX9, AMH and DMRT1 in the male pathway, and FOXL2 in the female pathway. Although mammalian and avian GSD systems have been well studied, few data are available for reptilian GSD systems. RESULTS We conducted an unbiased transcriptome-wide analysis of gonad development throughout differentiation in central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) embryos with GSD. We found that sex differentiation of transcriptomic profiles occurs at a very early stage, before the gonad consolidates as a body distinct from the gonad-kidney complex. The male pathway genes dmrt1 and amh and the female pathway gene foxl2 play a key role in early sex differentiation in P. vitticeps, but the central player of the mammalian male trajectory, sox9, is not differentially expressed in P. vitticeps at the bipotential stage. The most striking difference from GSD systems of other amniotes is the high expression of the male pathway genes amh and sox9 in female gonads during development. We propose that a default male trajectory progresses if not repressed by a W-linked dominant gene that tips the balance of gene expression towards the female trajectory. Further, weighted gene expression correlation network analysis revealed novel candidates for male and female sex differentiation. CONCLUSION Our data reveal that interpretation of putative mechanisms of GSD in reptiles cannot solely depend on lessons drawn from mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wagner
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Sarah L Whiteley
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO, National Research Collections Australia, Crace, ACT, Australia
| | - Meghan Castelli
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO, National Research Collections Australia, Crace, ACT, Australia
| | - Hardip R Patel
- Genome Sciences Department. John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ira W Deveson
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Blackburn
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E Holleley
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO, National Research Collections Australia, Crace, ACT, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Marshall Graves
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Georges
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boizet-Bonhoure B, Déjardin S, Rossitto M, Poulat F, Philibert P. Using Experimental Models to Decipher the Effects of Acetaminophen and NSAIDs on Reproductive Development and Health. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:835360. [PMID: 35295217 PMCID: PMC8915900 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.835360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), diclofenac and ibuprofen (IBU), and analgesic drugs, such as acetaminophen (APAP, or paracetamol), are widely used to treat inflammation and pain. APAP and IBU are over-the-counter drugs and are among the most commonly taken drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy, even in combination. Furthermore, these drugs and their metabolites are released in the environment, and can be frequently detected in wastewater, surface water, and importantly in drinking water. Although their environmental concentrations are much lower than the therapeutics doses, this suggests an uncontrolled low-dose exposure of the general population, including pregnant women and young children, two particularly at risk populations. Epidemiological studies show that exposure to these molecules in the first and second trimester of gestation can favor genital malformations in new-born boys. To investigate the cellular, molecular and mechanistic effects of exposure to these molecules, ex vivo studies with human or rodent gonadal explants and in vivo experiments in rodents have been performed in the past years. This review recapitulates recent data obtained in rodent models after in utero or postnatal exposure to these drugs. The first part of this review discusses the mechanisms by which NSAIDs and analgesics may impair gonadal development and maturation, puberty development, sex hormone production, maturation and function of adult organs, and ultimately fertility in the exposed animals and their offspring. Like other endocrine disruptors, NSAIDs and APAP interfere with endocrine gland function and may have inter/transgenerational adverse effects. Particularly, they may target germ cells, resulting in reduced quality of male and female gametes, and decreased fertility of exposed individuals and their descendants. Then, this review discusses the effects of exposure to a single drug (APAP, aspirin, or IBU) or to combinations of drugs during early embryogenesis, and the consequences on postnatal gonadal development and adult reproductive health. Altogether, these data may increase medical and public awareness about these reproductive health concerns, particularly in women of childbearing age, pregnant women, and parents of young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure,
| | - Stéphanie Déjardin
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Francis Poulat
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Philibert
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carèmeau Hospital, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Urade Y. Biochemical and Structural Characteristics, Gene Regulation, Physiological, Pathological and Clinical Features of Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D 2 Synthase as a Multifunctional Lipocalin. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718002. [PMID: 34744762 PMCID: PMC8569824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D2 synthase (L-PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2, a common precursor of the two series of PGs, to produce PGD2. PGD2 stimulates three distinct types of G protein-coupled receptors: (1) D type of prostanoid (DP) receptors involved in the regulation of sleep, pain, food intake, and others; (2) chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) receptors, in myelination of peripheral nervous system, adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of hair follicle neogenesis, and others; and (3) F type of prostanoid (FP) receptors, in dexamethasone-induced cardioprotection. L-PGDS is the same protein as β-trace, a major protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). L-PGDS exists in the central nervous system and male genital organs of various mammals, and human heart; and is secreted into the CSF, seminal plasma, and plasma, respectively. L-PGDS binds retinoic acids and retinal with high affinities (Kd < 100 nM) and diverse small lipophilic substances, such as thyroids, gangliosides, bilirubin and biliverdin, heme, NAD(P)H, and PGD2, acting as an extracellular carrier of these substances. L-PGDS also binds amyloid β peptides, prevents their fibril formation, and disaggregates amyloid β fibrils, acting as a major amyloid β chaperone in human CSF. Here, I summarize the recent progress of the research on PGD2 and L-PGDS, in terms of its “molecular properties,” “cell culture studies,” “animal experiments,” and “clinical studies,” all of which should help to understand the pathophysiological role of L-PGDS and inspire the future research of this multifunctional lipocalin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Urade
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase Inhibitor PK007 Decreases Muscle Necrosis in DMD mdx Model Mice. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090994. [PMID: 34575143 PMCID: PMC8469723 DOI: 10.3390/life11090994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to the lack of dystrophin protein. The acute phase of DMD is characterized by muscle necrosis and increased levels of the pro-inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Inhibiting the production of PGD2 by inhibiting hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS) may alleviate inflammation and decrease muscle necrosis. We tested our novel HPGDS inhibitor, PK007, in the mdx mouse model of DMD. Our results show that hindlimb grip strength was two-fold greater in the PK007-treated mdx group, compared to untreated mdx mice, and displayed similar muscle strength to strain control mice (C57BL/10ScSn). Histological analyses showed a decreased percentage of regenerating muscle fibers (~20% less) in tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius muscles and reduced fibrosis in the TA muscle in PK007-treated mice. Lastly, we confirmed that the DMD blood biomarker, muscle creatine kinase activity, was also reduced by ~50% in PK007-treated mdx mice. We conclude that our HPGDS inhibitor, PK007, has effectively reduced muscle inflammation and fibrosis in a DMD mdx mouse model.
Collapse
|
5
|
Expression of prostaglandin (PG) D synthase lipocalin and hematopoietic type and PG D receptor during restart of spermatogenesis following downregulation using a slow release GnRH agonist implant in the dog. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:359-370. [PMID: 31256286 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D and the associated prostaglandin D synthases (PGDS) and receptor (DP) are considered to be involved in spermatogenesis. However, the interplay of the PGDS-DP system in male reproduction is far from being understood. The expression of PGDS lipocalin (L) and hematopoietic (H) type and DP was studied in the GnRH agonist-downregulated canine testis (week, w 0) and during recrudescence of spermatogenesis after implant removal (w 3, 6, 9, 12). H-PGDS, L-PGDS and DP were present in the adult (CG), juvenile (JG) and downregulated canine testis at the mRNA level. PGDS immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells (LCs) of all samples i.e., no difference between groups. mRNA expression (ratio) of L-, H-PGDS and DP did not differ between groups w 0-12 and CG. In contrast, significant differences were found for L-PGDS (p = 0.0388), H-PGDS (p < 0.001) and DP (p < 0.001) for the groups at downregulation (w0, suprelorin group, SG, profact group, PRG) compared with the control groups (JG, CG). L-PGDS expression was lowest in JG, whereas H-PGDS was significantly lower in CG compared with JG and at downregulation (p < 0.001 to p < 0.01). The highest ratio for H-PGDS and DP was observed in the dogs treated with buserelin acetate (PRG). Our data show that the PGDS-DP system is expressed in juvenile and adult canine testes and that downregulation of the testicular endocrine and germinative function significantly affects H-PGDS, L-PGDS and DP mRNA expression indicating a role in the regulation of spermatogenesis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kawahara R, Ortega F, Rosa-Fernandes L, Guimarães V, Quina D, Nahas W, Schwämmle V, Srougi M, Leite KRM, Thaysen-Andersen M, Larsen MR, Palmisano G. Distinct urinary glycoprotein signatures in prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33077-33097. [PMID: 30237853 PMCID: PMC6145689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel biomarkers are needed to complement prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic screening programs. Glycoproteins represent a hitherto largely untapped resource with a great potential as specific and sensitive tumor biomarkers due to their abundance in bodily fluids and their dynamic and cancer-associated glycosylation. However, quantitative glycoproteomics strategies to detect potential glycoprotein cancer markers from complex biospecimen are only just emerging. Here, we describe a glycoproteomics strategy for deep quantitative mapping of N- and O-glycoproteins in urine with a view to investigate the diagnostic value of the glycoproteome to discriminate PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), two conditions that remain difficult to clinically stratify. Total protein extracts were obtained, concentrated and digested from urine of six PCa patients (Gleason score 7) and six BPH patients. The resulting peptide mixtures were TMT-labeled and mixed prior to a multi-faceted sample processing including hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and titanium dioxide SPE based enrichment, endo-/exoglycosidase treatment and HILIC-HPLC pre-fractionation. The isolated N- and O-glycopeptides were detected and quantified using high resolution mass spectrometry. We accurately quantified 729 N-glycoproteins spanning 1,310 unique N-glycosylation sites and observed 954 and 965 unique intact N- and O-glycopeptides, respectively, across the two disease conditions. Importantly, a panel of 56 intact N-glycopeptides perfectly discriminated PCa and BPH (ROC: AUC = 1). This study has generated a panel of intact glycopeptides that has a potential for PCa detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Kawahara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ortega
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Guimarães
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Quina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Nahas
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia R M Leite
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rossitto M, Marchive C, Pruvost A, Sellem E, Ghettas A, Badiou S, Sutra T, Poulat F, Philibert P, Boizet-Bonhoure B. Intergenerational effects on mouse sperm quality after in utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen. FASEB J 2018; 33:339-357. [PMID: 29979629 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800488rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and analgesic drugs, such as N-acetyl- p-aminophenol (APAP; acetaminophen, paracetamol), are widely used by pregnant women. Accumulating evidence has indicated that these molecules can favor genital malformations in newborn boys and reproductive disorders in adults. However, the consequences on postnatal testis development and adult reproductive health after exposure during early embryogenesis are still unknown. Using the mouse model, we show that in utero exposure to therapeutic doses of the widely used APAP-ibuprofen combination during the sex determination period leads to early differentiation and decreased proliferation of male embryonic germ cells, and early 5-methylcytosine and extracellular matrix protein deposition in 13.5 d postcoitum exposed testes. Consequently, in postnatal testes, Sertoli-cell maturation is delayed, the Leydig-cell compartment is hyperplasic, and the spermatogonia A pool is decreased. This results in a reduced production of testosterone and in epididymal sperm parameter defects. We observed a reduced sperm count (19%) in utero-exposed (F0) adult males and also a reduced sperm motility (40%) in their offspring (F1) when both parents were exposed, which leads to subfertility among the 6 mo old F1 animals. Our study suggests that the use of these drugs during the critical period of sex determination affects the germ-line development and leads to adverse effects that could be passed to the offspring.-Rossitto, M., Marchive, C., Pruvost, A., Sellem, E., Ghettas, A., Badiou, S., Sutra, T., Poulat, F., Philibert, P., Boizet-Bonhoure, B. Intergenerational effects on mouse sperm quality after in utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moïra Rossitto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Candice Marchive
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Pruvost
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Small Molecules Analysis by Mass Spectrometry (SMArt-MS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Eli Sellem
- Research and Development Department, Allice, Biology of Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Aurélie Ghettas
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Small Molecules Analysis by Mass Spectrometry (SMArt-MS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Badiou
- Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hopital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier; PhyMedExp, INSERM Unité 1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Sutra
- Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hopital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier; PhyMedExp, INSERM Unité 1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francis Poulat
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Philibert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hopital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier; PhyMedExp, INSERM Unité 1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lam CJ, Cox AR, Jacobson DR, Rankin MM, Kushner JA. Highly Proliferative α-Cell-Related Islet Endocrine Cells in Human Pancreata. Diabetes 2018; 67:674-686. [PMID: 29326366 PMCID: PMC5860854 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The proliferative response of non-β islet endocrine cells in response to type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains undefined. We quantified islet endocrine cell proliferation in a large collection of nondiabetic control and T1D human pancreata across a wide range of ages. Surprisingly, islet endocrine cells with abundant proliferation were present in many adolescent and young-adult T1D pancreata. But the proliferative islet endocrine cells were also present in similar abundance within control samples. We queried the proliferating islet cells with antisera against various islet hormones. Although pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and ghrelin cells did not exhibit frequent proliferation, glucagon-expressing α-cells were highly proliferative in many adolescent and young-adult samples. Notably, α-cells only comprised a fraction (∼1/3) of the proliferative islet cells within those samples; most proliferative cells did not express islet hormones. The proliferative hormone-negative cells uniformly contained immunoreactivity for ARX (indicating α-cell fate) and cytoplasmic Sox9 (Sox9Cyt). These hormone-negative cells represented the majority of islet endocrine Ki67+ nuclei and were conserved from infancy through young adulthood. Our studies reveal a novel population of highly proliferative ARX+ Sox9Cyt hormone-negative cells and suggest the possibility of previously unrecognized islet development and/or lineage plasticity within adolescent and adult human pancreata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Lam
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Aaron R Cox
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel R Jacobson
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew M Rankin
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jake A Kushner
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pyle LC, Nathanson KL. Genetic changes associated with testicular cancer susceptibility. Semin Oncol 2016; 43:575-581. [PMID: 27899190 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is a highly heritable cancer primarily affecting young white men. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been particularly effective in identifying multiple common variants with strong contribution to TGCT risk. These loci identified through association studies have implicated multiple genes as associated with TGCT predisposition, many of which are unique among cancer types, and regulate processes such as pluripotency, sex specification, and microtubule assembly. Together these biologically plausible genes converge on pathways involved in male germ cell development and maturation, and suggest that perturbation of them confers susceptibility to TGCT, as a developmental defect of germ cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Pyle
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Windley SP, Wilhelm D. Signaling Pathways Involved in Mammalian Sex Determination and Gonad Development. Sex Dev 2016; 9:297-315. [PMID: 26905731 DOI: 10.1159/000444065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of any organ system requires a complex interplay of cellular signals to initiate the differentiation and development of the heterogeneous cell and tissue types required to carry out the organs' functions. In this way, an extracellular stimulus is transmitted to an intracellular target through an array of interacting protein intermediaries, ultimately enabling the target cell to elicit a response. Surprisingly, only a small number of signaling pathways are implicated throughout embryogenesis and are used over and over again. Gonadogenesis is a unique process in that 2 morphologically distinct organs, the testes and ovaries, arise from a common precursor, the bipotential genital ridge. Accordingly, most of the signaling pathways observed throughout embryogenesis also have been shown to be important for mammalian sex determination and gonad development. Here, we review the mechanisms of signal transduction within these pathways and the importance of these pathways throughout mammalian gonad development, mainly concentrating on data obtained in mouse but including other species where appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Windley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Buck Louis GM, Toppari J, Andersson AM, Eisenberg ML, Jensen TK, Jørgensen N, Swan SH, Sapra KJ, Ziebe S, Priskorn L, Juul A. Male Reproductive Disorders and Fertility Trends: Influences of Environment and Genetic Susceptibility. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:55-97. [PMID: 26582516 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is predicted that Japan and European Union will soon experience appreciable decreases in their populations due to persistently low total fertility rates (TFR) below replacement level (2.1 child per woman). In the United States, where TFR has also declined, there are ethnic differences. Caucasians have rates below replacement, while TFRs among African-Americans and Hispanics are higher. We review possible links between TFR and trends in a range of male reproductive problems, including testicular cancer, disorders of sex development, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low testosterone levels, poor semen quality, childlessness, changed sex ratio, and increasing demand for assisted reproductive techniques. We present evidence that several adult male reproductive problems arise in utero and are signs of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). Although TDS might result from genetic mutations, recent evidence suggests that it most often is related to environmental exposures of the fetal testis. However, environmental factors can also affect the adult endocrine system. Based on our review of genetic and environmental factors, we conclude that environmental exposures arising from modern lifestyle, rather than genetics, are the most important factors in the observed trends. These environmental factors might act either directly or via epigenetic mechanisms. In the latter case, the effects of exposures might have an impact for several generations post-exposure. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to prioritize research in reproductive physiology and pathophysiology, particularly in highly industrialized countries facing decreasing populations. We highlight a number of topics that need attention by researchers in human physiology, pathophysiology, environmental health sciences, and demography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels E Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katherine J Sapra
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Ziebe
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth & Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elzinga-Tinke JE, Dohle GR, Looijenga LH. Etiology and early pathogenesis of malignant testicular germ cell tumors: towards possibilities for preinvasive diagnosis. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:381-93. [PMID: 25791729 PMCID: PMC4430936 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.148079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancers in Caucasian males (20-40 years) with an 70% increasing incidence the last 20 years, probably due to combined action of (epi)genetic and (micro)environmental factors. It is expected that TGCT have carcinoma in situ(CIS) as their common precursor, originating from an embryonic germ cell blocked in its maturation process. The overall cure rate of TGCT is more than 90%, however, men surviving TGCT can present long-term side effects of systemic cancer treatment. In contrast, men diagnosed and treated for CIS only continue to live without these long-term side effects. Therefore, early detection of CIS has great health benefits, which will require an informative screening method. This review described the etiology and early pathogenesis of TGCT, as well as the possibilities of early detection and future potential of screening men at risk for TGCT. For screening, a well-defined risk profile based on both genetic and environmental risk factors is needed. Since 2009, several genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been published, reporting on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significant associations in or near the genes KITLG, SPRY4, BAK1, DMRT1, TERT, ATF7IP, HPGDS, MAD1L1, RFWD3, TEX14, and PPM1E, likely to be related to TGCT development. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal environmental factors also influence the onset of CIS. A noninvasive early detection method for CIS would be highly beneficial in a clinical setting, for which specific miRNA detection in semen seems to be very promising. Further research is needed to develop a well-defined TGCT risk profile, based on gene-environment interactions, combined with noninvasive detection method for CIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leendert Hj Looijenga
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Patho-Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rossitto M, Philibert P, Poulat F, Boizet-Bonhoure B. Molecular events and signalling pathways of male germ cell differentiation in mouse. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:84-93. [PMID: 26454096 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Germ cells, the precursors of gametes, represent a unique cell lineage that is able to differentiate into spermatozoa or oocytes depending on the chromosomal sex of the organism. In the mammalian embryonic gonad, commitment to oogenesis involves pre-meiotic DNA replication and entry into the first meiotic division; whereas, commitment to spermatogenesis involves inhibition of meiotic initiation, suppression of pluripotency, mitotic arrest and expression of specific markers that will control the development of the male germ cells. The crucial decision made by the germ line to commit to either a male or a female fate has been partially explained by genetic and ex vivo studies in mice which have implicated a complex network of regulatory genes, numerous factors and pathways. Besides the reproductive failure that may follow a deregulation of this complex network, the germ cells may, in view of their proliferative and pluripotent nature, act as precursors of potential malignant transformation and as putative targets for exogenous environmental compounds. Our review summarizes and discusses recent developments that have improved our understanding on how germ cell precursors are committed to a male or a female cell fate in the mouse gonad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moïra Rossitto
- Genetic and Development Department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pascal Philibert
- Genetic and Development Department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France.
| | - Francis Poulat
- Genetic and Development Department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France.
| | - Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Genetic and Development Department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Poelstra JW, Vijay N, Hoeppner MP, Wolf JBW. Transcriptomics of colour patterning and coloration shifts in crows. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4617-28. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Poelstra
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - N. Vijay
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. P. Hoeppner
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences (BILS); Linköpings Universitet Victoria Westling; Hus Galaxen 58183 Linköping Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology; Uppsala University; Box 582 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. B. W. Wolf
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory; Box 1031 17121 Solna Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Litchfield K, Shipley J, Turnbull C. Common variants identified in genome-wide association studies of testicular germ cell tumour: an update, biological insights and clinical application. Andrology 2015; 3:34-46. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Litchfield
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology; The Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
| | - J. Shipley
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics; The Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
| | - C. Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology; The Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rossitto M, Ujjan S, Poulat F, Boizet-Bonhoure B. Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction. Reproduction 2015; 149:R49-58. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins signaling molecules are involved in numerous physiological processes. They are produced by several enzyme-limited reactions upon fatty acids, which are catalyzed by two cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin synthases. In particular, the prostaglandins E2(PGE2), D2(PGD2), and F2(PGF2α) have been shown to be involved in female reproductive mechanisms. Furthermore, widespread expression of lipocalin- and hematopoietic-PGD2synthases in the male reproductive tract supports the purported roles of PGD2in the development of both embryonic and adult testes, sperm maturation, and spermatogenesis. In this review, we summarize the putative roles of PGD2signaling and the roles of both PGD2synthases in testicular formation and function. We review the data reporting the involvement of PGD2signaling in the differentiation of Sertoli and germ cells of the embryonic testis. Furthermore, we discuss the roles of lipocalin-PGD2synthase in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, in terms of lipid molecule transport and PGD2production. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis that PGD2signaling may be affected in certain reproductive diseases, such as infertility, cryptorchidism, and testicular cancer.
Collapse
|
17
|
Moniot B, Ujjan S, Champagne J, Hirai H, Aritake K, Nagata K, Dubois E, Nidelet S, Nakamura M, Urade Y, Poulat F, Boizet-Bonhoure B. Prostaglandin D2 acts through the Dp2 receptor to influence male germ cell differentiation in the foetal mouse testis. Development 2014; 141:3561-71. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Through intercellular signalling, the somatic compartment of the foetal testis is able to program primordial germ cells to undergo spermatogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 9 and several members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily are involved in this process in the foetal testis, counteracting the induction of meiosis by retinoic acid and activating germinal mitotic arrest. Here, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which is produced through both L-Pgds and H-Pgds enzymatic activities in the somatic and germ cell compartments of the foetal testis, plays a role in mitotic arrest in male germ cells by activating the expression and nuclear localization of the CDK inhibitor p21Cip1 and by repressing pluripotency markers. We show that PGD2 acts through its Dp2 receptor, at least in part through direct effects in germ cells, and contributes to the proper differentiation of male germ cells through the upregulation of the master gene Nanos2. Our data identify PGD2 signalling as an early pathway that acts in both paracrine and autocrine manners, and contributes to the differentiation of germ cells in the foetal testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Moniot
- Genetic and Development department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier 34094, Cedex 05, France
| | - Safdar Ujjan
- Genetic and Development department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier 34094, Cedex 05, France
| | - Julien Champagne
- Genetic and Development department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier 34094, Cedex 05, France
| | - Hiroyuki Hirai
- Department of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aritake
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Kinya Nagata
- Department of Advanced Technology and Development, BML, Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Emeric Dubois
- Plateforme MGX, Functional Genomic Institute, CNRS UMR 5203 – INSERM U 661, Montpellier 34094, Cedex 05, France
| | - Sabine Nidelet
- Plateforme MGX, Functional Genomic Institute, CNRS UMR 5203 – INSERM U 661, Montpellier 34094, Cedex 05, France
| | - Masataka Nakamura
- Human Gene Sciences Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Francis Poulat
- Genetic and Development department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier 34094, Cedex 05, France
| | - Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Genetic and Development department, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier 34094, Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rijlaarsdam MA, Looijenga LHJ. An oncofetal and developmental perspective on testicular germ cell cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:59-74. [PMID: 25066859 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent a diverse group of tumors presumably originating from (early fetal) developing germ cells. Most frequent are the testicular germ cell cancers (TGCC). Overall, TGCC is the most frequent malignancy in Caucasian males (20-40 years) and remains an important cause of (treatment related) mortality in these young men. The strong association between the phenotype of TGCC stem cell components and their totipotent ancestor (fetal primordial germ cell or gonocyte) makes these tumors highly relevant from an onco-fetal point of view. This review subsequently discusses the evidence for the early embryonic origin of TGCCs, followed by an overview of the crucial association between TGCC pathogenesis, genetics, environmental exposure and the (fetal) testicular micro-environment (genvironment). This culminates in an evaluation of three genvironmentally modulated hallmarks of TGCC directly related to the oncofetal pathogenesis of TGCC: (1) maintenance of pluripotency, (2) cell cycle control/cisplatin sensitivity and (3) regulation of proliferation/migration/apoptosis by KIT-KITL mediated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Briefly, TGCC exhibit identifiable stem cell components (seminoma and embryonal carcinoma) and progenitors that show large and consistent similarities to primordial/embryonic germ cells, their presumed totipotent cells of origin. TGCC pathogenesis depends crucially on a complex interaction of genetic and (micro-)environmental, i.e. genvironmental risk factors that have only been partly elucidated despite significant effort. TGCC stem cell components also show a high degree of similarity with embryonic stem/germ cells (ES) in the regulation of pluripotency and cell cycle control, directly related to their exquisite sensitivity to DNA damaging agents (e.g. cisplatin). Of note, (ES specific) micro-RNAs play a pivotal role in the crossover between cell cycle control, pluripotency and chemosensitivity. Moreover, multiple consistent observations reported TGCC to be associated with KIT-KITL mediated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, a pathway crucially implicated in proliferation, migration and survival during embryogenesis including germ cell development. In conclusion, TGCCs are a fascinating model for onco-fetal developmental processes especially with regard to studying cell cycle control, pluripotency maintenance and KIT-KITL signaling. The knowledge presented here contributes to better understanding of the molecular characteristics of TGCC pathogenesis, translating to identification of at risk individuals and enhanced quality of care for TGCC patients (diagnosis, treatment and follow-up).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert H J Looijenga
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Poelstra JW, Vijay N, Bossu CM, Lantz H, Ryll B, Muller I, Baglione V, Unneberg P, Wikelski M, Grabherr MG, Wolf JBW. The genomic landscape underlying phenotypic integrity in the face of gene flow in crows. Science 2014; 344:1410-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1253226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
20
|
Chung CC, Kanetsky PA, Wang Z, Hildebrandt MAT, Koster R, Skotheim RI, Kratz CP, Turnbull C, Cortessis VK, Bakken AC, Bishop DT, Cook MB, Erickson RL, Fosså SD, Jacobs KB, Korde LA, Kraggerud SM, Lothe RA, Loud JT, Rahman N, Skinner EC, Thomas DC, Wu X, Yeager M, Schumacher FR, Greene MH, Schwartz SM, McGlynn KA, Chanock SJ, Nathanson KL. Meta-analysis identifies four new loci associated with testicular germ cell tumor. Nat Genet 2013; 45:680-5. [PMID: 23666239 PMCID: PMC3723930 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis to identify new susceptibility loci for testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT). In the discovery phase, we analyzed 931 affected individuals and 1,975 controls from 3 genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We conducted replication in 6 independent sample sets comprising 3,211 affected individuals and 7,591 controls. In the combined analysis, risk of TGCT was significantly associated with markers at four previously unreported loci: 4q22.2 in HPGDS (per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-1.26; P = 1.11 × 10(-8)), 7p22.3 in MAD1L1 (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.14-1.29; P = 5.59 × 10(-9)), 16q22.3 in RFWD3 (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.18-1.34; P = 5.15 × 10(-12)) and 17q22 (rs9905704: OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.18-1.33; P = 4.32 × 10(-13) and rs7221274: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.12-1.28; P = 4.04 × 10(-9)), a locus that includes TEX14, RAD51C and PPM1E. These new TGCT susceptibility loci contain biologically plausible genes encoding proteins important for male germ cell development, chromosomal segregation and the DNA damage response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles C. Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Genome Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter A. Kanetsky
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Genome Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Roelof Koster
- Department of Medicine, Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian P. Kratz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Victoria K. Cortessis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anne C. Bakken
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James’ University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - R. Loren Erickson
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie D. Fosså
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin B. Jacobs
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Genome Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Larissa A. Korde
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sigrid M. Kraggerud
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer T. Loud
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Eila C. Skinner
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Duncan C. Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Genome Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Fredrick R. Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark H. Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen M. Schwartz
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lavery R, Chassot AA, Pauper E, Gregoire EP, Klopfenstein M, de Rooij DG, Mark M, Schedl A, Ghyselinck NB, Chaboissier MC. Testicular differentiation occurs in absence of R-spondin1 and Sox9 in mouse sex reversals. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003170. [PMID: 23300469 PMCID: PMC3531470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, male sex determination is governed by SRY-dependent activation of Sox9, whereas female development involves R-spondin1 (RSPO1), an activator of the WNT/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Genetic analyses in mice have demonstrated Sry and Sox9 to be both required and sufficient to induce testicular development. These genes are therefore considered as master regulators of the male pathway. Indeed, female-to-male sex reversal in XX Rspo1 mutant mice correlates with Sox9 expression, suggesting that this transcription factor induces testicular differentiation in pathological conditions. Unexpectedly, here we show that testicular differentiation can occur in XX mutants lacking both Rspo1 and Sox9 (referred to as XX Rspo1KOSox9cKO), indicating that Sry and Sox9 are dispensable to induce female-to-male sex reversal. Molecular analyses show expression of both Sox8 and Sox10, suggesting that activation of Sox genes other than Sox9 can induce male differentiation in Rspo1KOSox9cKO mice. Moreover, since testis development occurs in XY Rspo1KOSox9cKO mice, our data show that Rspo1 is the main effector for male-to-female sex reversal in XY Sox9cKO mice. Thus, Rspo1 is an essential activator of ovarian development not only in normal situations, but also in sex reversal situations. Taken together these data demonstrate that both male and female sex differentiation is induced by distinct, active, genetic pathways. The dogma that considers female differentiation as a default pathway therefore needs to be definitively revised. Mammalian sex determination is controlled by the paternal transmission of the Y-linked gene, SRY. Using mouse models, it has been shown that the main, if not the only, role of Sry is to activate the transcription factor Sox9, and these two genes are necessary and sufficient to allow male development. Indeed, defects in Sry and/or Sox9 expression result in male-to-female sex reversal of XY individuals. In XX individuals, Rspo1 is important for ovarian development as evidenced by female-to-male sex reversal of XX Rspo1 mutants. Since testicular differentiation appears concomitantly with Sox9 expression, it was assumed that Sox9 is the inducer of testicular differentiation in XX Rspo1 mutants. Our genetic study shows that i) neither Sry nor Sox9 are required for female-to-male sex reversals; ii) other masculinizing factors like Sox8 and Sox10 are activated in sex reversal conditions; iii) Rspo1 is the main effector of male-to-female sex reversal in the XY Sox9 mutants. Together these data suggest that male and female genetic pathways are both main effectors involved in sex determination and that the long-standing dogma of a default female pathway should definitively be revised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Lavery
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Anne-Amandine Chassot
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Eva Pauper
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Elodie P. Gregoire
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Muriel Klopfenstein
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104–INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Dirk G. de Rooij
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Mark
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104–INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Andreas Schedl
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104–INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chaboissier
- University of Nice–Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France
- INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, iBV, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Philibert P, Boizet-Bonhoure B, Bashamboo A, Paris F, Aritake K, Urade Y, Leger J, Sultan C, Poulat F. Unilateral cryptorchidism in mice mutant for Ptgds. Hum Mutat 2012; 34:278-82. [PMID: 23076868 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of cryptorchidism, abnormal testicular descent, remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that both heterozygous and homozygous mice deficient for lipocalin-type prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2) ) synthase (Ptgds) presented unilateral cryptorchidism affecting the second phase of testicular descent in 16% and 24% of cases, respectively. The adult cryptorchid testes show an increase in spermatogonia apoptosis along with a global decrease in the tubule size parameters, whereas the gubernaculum of newborn mutants present some histological abnormalities. Disruption of the inguinoscrotal phase did not present impairment of the androgen pathway but rather a decrease in Rxfp2 mRNA expression in the gubernaculum. These observations led us to investigate the role of the PGD(2) signaling pathway in human testicular migration through PTGDS sequencing of DNA from 29 children with cryptorchidism. However, none of the investigated cases presented mutations in the PTGDS gene. Nevertheless, our results identify the PTGDS enzyme as a novel component in the cryptorchidism puzzle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Philibert
- Département d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU de Montpellier et Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Magre S, Rebourcet D, Ishaq M, Wargnier R, Debard C, Meugnier E, Vidal H, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Gender differences in transcriptional signature of developing rat testes and ovaries following embryonic exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40306. [PMID: 22808131 PMCID: PMC3392256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxins are persistent organic pollutants interfering with endocrine systems and causing reproductive and developmental disorders. The objective of our project was to determine the impact of an in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on reproductive function of male and female offspring in the rat with a special emphasis on the immature period. We used a low dose of TCDD (unique exposure by oral gavage of 200 ng/kg at 15.5 days of gestation) in order to mirror a response to an environmental dose of TCDD not altering fertility of the progeny. We choose a global gene expression approach using Affymetrix microarray analysis, and testes of 5 days and ovaries of 14 days of age. Less than 1% of the expressed genes in gonads were altered following embryonic TCDD exposure; specifically, 113 genes in ovaries and 56 in testes with 7 genes common to both sex gonads. It included the repressor of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahrr), the chemokines Ccl5 and Cxcl4 previously shown to be regulated by dioxin in testis, Pgds2/Hpgds and 3 others uncharacterized. To validate and extend the microarray data we realized real-time PCR on gonads at various developmental periods of interest (from 3 to 25 days for ovaries, from 5 to the adult age for testes). Overall, our results evidenced that both sex gonads responded differently to TCDD exposure. For example, we observed induction of the canonic battery of TCDD-induced genes coding enzymes of the detoxifying machinery in ovaries aged of 3–14 days of age (except Cyp1a1 induced at 3–10 days) but not in testes of 5 days (except Ahrr). We also illustrated that inflammatory pathway is one pathway activated by TCDD in gonads. Finally, we identified several new genes targeted by TCDD including Fgf13 in testis and one gene, Ptgds2/Hpgds regulated in the two sex gonads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solange Magre
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Richard Wargnier
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Debard
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|