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Song J, Li B, Zeng L, Ye Z, Wu W, Hu B. A Mini-Review on Reflectins, from Biochemical Properties to Bio-Inspired Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415679. [PMID: 36555320 PMCID: PMC9779258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cephalopods (squids, octopuses, and cuttlefishes) produce dynamic structural colors, for camouflage or communication. The key to this remarkable capability is one group of specialized cells called iridocytes, which contain aligned membrane-enclosed platelets of high-reflective reflectins and work as intracellular Bragg reflectors. These reflectins have unusual amino acid compositions and sequential properties, which endows them with functional characteristics: an extremely high reflective index among natural proteins and the ability to answer various environmental stimuli. Based on their unique material composition and responsive self-organization properties, the material community has developed an impressive array of reflectin- or iridocyte-inspired optical systems with distinct tunable reflectance according to a series of internal and external factors. More recently, scientists have made creative attempts to engineer mammalian cells to explore the function potentials of reflectin proteins as well as their working mechanism in the cellular environment. Progress in wide scientific areas (biophysics, genomics, gene editing, etc.) brings in new opportunities to better understand reflectins and new approaches to fully utilize them. The work introduced the composition features, biochemical properties, the latest developments, future considerations of reflectins, and their inspiration applications to give newcomers a comprehensive understanding and mutually exchanged knowledge from different communities (e.g., biology and material).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Song
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (B.H.); Tel.: +86-18969697729 (J.S.); +86-13308492461 (B.H.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Biru Hu
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (B.H.); Tel.: +86-18969697729 (J.S.); +86-13308492461 (B.H.)
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2
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Deravi LF. Compositional similarities that link the eyes and skin of cephalopods: Implications in optical sensing and signaling during camouflage. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:1511-1516. [PMID: 34160621 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods, including squid, octopus, and cuttlefish, can rapidly camouflage in different underwater environments by employing multiple optical effects including light scattering, absorption, reflection, and refraction. They can do so with exquisite control and within a fraction of a second-two features that indicate distributed, intra-dermal sensory and signaling components. However, the fundamental biochemical, electrical, and mechanical controls that regulate color and color change, from discrete elements to interconnected modules, are still not fully understood despite decades of research in this space. This perspective highlights key advancements in the biochemical analysis of cephalopod skin and discusses compositional connections between cephalopod ocular lenses and skin with features that may also facilitate signal transduction during camouflage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila F Deravi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, 102 Hurtig Hall, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
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3
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Zink KE, Tarnowski DA, Mandel MJ, Sanchez LM. Optimization of a minimal sample preparation protocol for imaging mass spectrometry of unsectioned juvenile invertebrates. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4458. [PMID: 31693273 PMCID: PMC7145758 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue sections have long been the subject matter for the application of imaging mass spectrometry, but recently the technique has been adapted for many other purposes including bacterial colonies and 3D cell culture. Here, we present a simple preparation method for unsectioned invertebrate tissue without the need for fixing, embedding, or slicing. The protocol was used to successfully prepare a Hawaiian bobtail squid hatchling for analysis, and the resulting data detected ions that correspond to compounds present in the host only during its symbiotic colonization by Vibrio fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Zink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Denise A Tarnowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Mark J Mandel
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Laura M Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612
- Corresponding author: Phone: 312-996-0842
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4
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Ritschard EA, Whitelaw B, Albertin CB, Cooke IR, Strugnell JM, Simakov O. Coupled Genomic Evolutionary Histories as Signatures of Organismal Innovations in Cephalopods: Co-evolutionary Signatures Across Levels of Genome Organization May Shed Light on Functional Linkage and Origin of Cephalopod Novelties. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900073. [PMID: 31664724 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
How genomic innovation translates into organismal organization remains largely unanswered. Possessing the largest invertebrate nervous system, in conjunction with many species-specific organs, coleoid cephalopods (octopuses, squids, cuttlefishes) provide exciting model systems to investigate how organismal novelties evolve. However, dissecting these processes requires novel approaches that enable deeper interrogation of genome evolution. Here, the existence of specific sets of genomic co-evolutionary signatures between expanded gene families, genome reorganization, and novel genes is posited. It is reasoned that their co-evolution has contributed to the complex organization of cephalopod nervous systems and the emergence of ecologically unique organs. In the course of reviewing this field, how the first cephalopod genomic studies have begun to shed light on the molecular underpinnings of morphological novelty is illustrated and their impact on directing future research is described. It is argued that the application and evolutionary profiling of evolutionary signatures from these studies will help identify and dissect the organismal principles of cephalopod innovations. By providing specific examples, the implications of this approach both within and beyond cephalopod biology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Ritschard
- Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Brooke Whitelaw
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | | | - Ira R Cooke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Jan M Strugnell
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Oleg Simakov
- Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Austria
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5
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Levenson R, Bracken C, Sharma C, Santos J, Arata C, Malady B, Morse DE. Calibration between trigger and color: Neutralization of a genetically encoded coulombic switch and dynamic arrest precisely tune reflectin assembly. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16804-16815. [PMID: 31558609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reflectin proteins are widely distributed in reflective structures in cephalopods. However, only in loliginid squids are they and the subwavelength photonic structures they control dynamically tunable, driving changes in skin color for camouflage and communication. The reflectins are block copolymers with repeated canonical domains interspersed with cationic linkers. Neurotransmitter-activated signal transduction culminates in catalytic phosphorylation of the tunable reflectins' cationic linkers; the resulting charge neutralization overcomes coulombic repulsion to progressively allow condensation, folding, and assembly into multimeric spheres of tunable well-defined size and low polydispersity. Here, we used dynamic light scattering, transmission EM, CD, atomic force microscopy, and fluorimetry to analyze the structural transitions of reflectins A1 and A2. We also analyzed the assembly behavior of phosphomimetic, deletion, and other mutants in conjunction with pH titration as an in vitro surrogate of phosphorylation. Our experiments uncovered a previously unsuspected, precisely predictive relationship between the extent of neutralization of a reflectin's net charge density and the size of resulting multimeric protein assemblies of narrow polydispersity. Comparisons of mutants revealed that this sensitivity to neutralization resides in the linkers and is spatially distributed along the protein. Imaging of large particles and analysis of sequence composition suggested that assembly may proceed through a dynamically arrested liquid-liquid phase-separated intermediate. Intriguingly, it is this dynamic arrest that enables the observed fine-tuning by charge and the resulting calibration between neuronal trigger and color in the squid. These results offer insights into the basis of reflectin-based biophotonics, opening paths for the design of new materials with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Levenson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100
| | - Colton Bracken
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100
| | - Cristian Sharma
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100
| | - Jerome Santos
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100
| | - Claire Arata
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100
| | - Brandon Malady
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100
| | - Daniel E Morse
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100
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6
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Cai T, Han K, Yang P, Zhu Z, Jiang M, Huang Y, Xie C. Reconstruction of Dynamic and Reversible Color Change using Reflectin Protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5201. [PMID: 30914749 PMCID: PMC6435677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods have remarkable ability to change their body color across a wide range of wavelengths, yet the structural basis remains largely unknown. Reflectin, a protein family assumed to be responsible for structural color in cephalopods, has unique features of higher-order assembly that are tightly regulated by aromatic molecules. Here, we reconstructed the dynamic and reversible color change using purified reflectin protein and demonstrated how the conformational change and the status of assembly led to the change in optical properties. In addition, optical spectral and structural analyses indicated that the “cephalopod-blue” primarily resulted from wavelength-dependent light scattering rather than reflection. Our results suggest a possible role of reflectin in color dynamics. The in vitro reconstruction system we present here may serve as an initial step for designing bio-inspired optical materials based on reflectin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kui Han
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mengcheng Jiang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Can Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Beijing Computational Science Research Center, The Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100084, China.
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7
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Williams TL, Senft SL, Yeo J, Martín-Martínez FJ, Kuzirian AM, Martin CA, DiBona CW, Chen CT, Dinneen SR, Nguyen HT, Gomes CM, Rosenthal JJC, MacManes MD, Chu F, Buehler MJ, Hanlon RT, Deravi LF. Dynamic pigmentary and structural coloration within cephalopod chromatophore organs. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1004. [PMID: 30824708 PMCID: PMC6397165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatophore organs in cephalopod skin are known to produce ultra-fast changes in appearance for camouflage and communication. Light-scattering pigment granules within chromatocytes have been presumed to be the sole source of coloration in these complex organs. We report the discovery of structural coloration emanating in precise register with expanded pigmented chromatocytes. Concurrently, using an annotated squid chromatophore proteome together with microscopy, we identify a likely biochemical component of this reflective coloration as reflectin proteins distributed in sheath cells that envelop each chromatocyte. Additionally, within the chromatocytes, where the pigment resides in nanostructured granules, we find the lens protein Ω- crystallin interfacing tightly with pigment molecules. These findings offer fresh perspectives on the intricate biophotonic interplay between pigmentary and structural coloration elements tightly co-located within the same dynamic flexible organ - a feature that may help inspire the development of new classes of engineered materials that change color and pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen L Senft
- The Eugene Bell Center, The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.,Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Francisco J Martín-Martínez
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alan M Kuzirian
- The Eugene Bell Center, The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Camille A Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher W DiBona
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chun-Teh Chen
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sean R Dinneen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Conor M Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joshua J C Rosenthal
- The Eugene Bell Center, The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Matthew D MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Feixia Chu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger T Hanlon
- The Eugene Bell Center, The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
| | - Leila F Deravi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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8
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Simakov O, Kawashima T. Independent evolution of genomic characters during major metazoan transitions. Dev Biol 2016; 427:179-192. [PMID: 27890449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metazoan evolution encompasses a vast evolutionary time scale spanning over 600 million years. Our ability to infer ancestral metazoan characters, both morphological and functional, is limited by our understanding of the nature and evolutionary dynamics of the underlying regulatory networks. Increasing coverage of metazoan genomes enables us to identify the evolutionary changes of the relevant genomic characters such as the loss or gain of coding sequences, gene duplications, micro- and macro-synteny, and non-coding element evolution in different lineages. In this review we describe recent advances in our understanding of ancestral metazoan coding and non-coding features, as deduced from genomic comparisons. Some genomic changes such as innovations in gene and linkage content occur at different rates across metazoan clades, suggesting some level of independence among genomic characters. While their contribution to biological innovation remains largely unclear, we review recent literature about certain genomic changes that do correlate with changes to specific developmental pathways and metazoan innovations. In particular, we discuss the origins of the recently described pharyngeal cluster which is conserved across deuterostome genomes, and highlight different genomic features that have contributed to the evolution of this group. We also assess our current capacity to infer ancestral metazoan states from gene models and comparative genomics tools and elaborate on the future directions of metazoan comparative genomics relevant to evo-devo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Simakov
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
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9
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Phan L, Kautz R, Arulmoli J, Kim IH, Le DTT, Shenk MA, Pathak MM, Flanagan LA, Tombola F, Gorodetsky AA. Reflectin as a Material for Neural Stem Cell Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:278-284. [PMID: 26703760 PMCID: PMC4721522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods possess remarkable camouflage capabilities, which are enabled by their complex skin structure and sophisticated nervous system. Such unique characteristics have in turn inspired the design of novel functional materials and devices. Within this context, recent studies have focused on investigating the self-assembly, optical, and electrical properties of reflectin, a protein that plays a key role in cephalopod structural coloration. Herein, we report the discovery that reflectin constitutes an effective material for the growth of human neural stem/progenitor cells. Our findings may hold relevance both for understanding cephalopod embryogenesis and for developing improved protein-based bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Phan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rylan Kautz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Janahan Arulmoli
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Sue
and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Iris H. Kim
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dai Trang T. Le
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Michael A. Shenk
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Medha M. Pathak
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Lisa A. Flanagan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Sue
and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Neurology, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Francesco Tombola
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alon A. Gorodetsky
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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10
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DeMartini DG, Izumi M, Weaver AT, Pandolfi E, Morse DE. Structures, Organization, and Function of Reflectin Proteins in Dynamically Tunable Reflective Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15238-49. [PMID: 25918159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible assembly of reflectin proteins drives dynamic iridescence in cephalopods. Squid dynamically tune the intensity and colors of iridescence generated by constructive interference from intracellular Bragg reflectors in specialized skin cells called iridocytes. Analysis of the tissue specificity of reflectin subtypes reveals that tunability is correlated with the presence of one specific reflectin sequence. Differential phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the reflectins in response to activation by acetylcholine, as well as differences in their tissue-specific and subcellular spatial distributions, further support the suggestion of different roles for the different reflectin subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G DeMartini
- From the Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9611, the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100, and
| | - Michi Izumi
- the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100, and
| | - Aaron T Weaver
- the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9610
| | - Erica Pandolfi
- the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9610
| | - Daniel E Morse
- From the Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9611, the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5100, and the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9610
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11
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Buresi A, Croll RP, Tiozzo S, Bonnaud L, Baratte S. Emergence of sensory structures in the developing epidermis in sepia officinalis and other coleoid cephalopods. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:3004-19. [PMID: 24549606 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic cuttlefish can first respond to a variety of sensory stimuli during early development in the egg capsule. To examine the neural basis of this ability, we investigated the emergence of sensory structures within the developing epidermis. We show that the skin facing the outer environment (not the skin lining the mantle cavity, for example) is derived from embryonic domains expressing the Sepia officinalis ortholog of pax3/7, a gene involved in epidermis specification in vertebrates. On the head, they are confined to discrete brachial regions referred to as "arm pillars" that expand and cover Sof-pax3/7-negative head ectodermal tissues. As revealed by the expression of the S. officinalis ortholog of elav1, an early marker of neural differentiation, the olfactory organs first differentiate at about stage 16 within Sof-pax3/7-negative ectodermal regions before they are covered by the definitive Sof-pax3/7-positive outer epithelium. In contrast, the eight mechanosensory lateral lines running over the head surface and the numerous other putative sensory cells in the epidermis, differentiate in the Sof-pax3/7-positive tissues at stages ∼24-25, after they have extended over the entire outer surfaces of the head and arms. Locations and morphologies of the various sensory cells in the olfactory organs and skin were examined using antibodies against acetylated tubulin during the development of S. officinalis and were compared with those in hatchlings of two other cephalopod species. The early differentiation of olfactory structures and the peculiar development of the epidermis with its sensory cells provide new perspectives for comparisons of developmental processes among molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxane Buresi
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), DMPA, UMR Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN CNRS 7208, IRD 207, UPMC, CP51 75005, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris, 6, France
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12
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Deravi LF, Magyar AP, Sheehy SP, Bell GRR, Mäthger LM, Senft SL, Wardill TJ, Lane WS, Kuzirian AM, Hanlon RT, Hu EL, Parker KK. The structure-function relationships of a natural nanoscale photonic device in cuttlefish chromatophores. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20130942. [PMID: 24478280 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, possess neurally controlled, pigmented chromatophore organs that allow rapid changes in skin patterning and coloration in response to visual cues. This process of adaptive coloration is enabled by the 500% change in chromatophore surface area during actuation. We report two adaptations that help to explain how colour intensity is maintained in a fully expanded chromatophore when the pigment granules are distributed maximally: (i) pigment layers as thin as three granules that maintain optical effectiveness and (ii) the presence of high-refractive-index proteins-reflectin and crystallin-in granules. The latter discovery, combined with our finding that isolated chromatophore pigment granules fluoresce between 650 and 720 nm, refutes the prevailing hypothesis that cephalopod chromatophores are exclusively pigmentary organs composed solely of ommochromes. Perturbations to granular architecture alter optical properties, illustrating a role for nanostructure in the agile, optical responses of chromatophores. Our results suggest that cephalopod chromatophore pigment granules are more complex than homogeneous clusters of chromogenic pigments. They are luminescent protein nanostructures that facilitate the rapid and sophisticated changes exhibited in dermal pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila F Deravi
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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