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Jimenez-Armijo A, Morkmued S, Ahumada JT, Kharouf N, de Feraudy Y, Gogl G, Riet F, Niederreither K, Laporte J, Birling MC, Selloum M, Herault Y, Hernandez M, Bloch-Zupan A. The Rogdi knockout mouse is a model for Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:445. [PMID: 38172607 PMCID: PMC10764811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome (KTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, early-onset epileptic seizures, and amelogenesis imperfecta. Here, we present a novel Rogdi mutant mouse deleting exons 6-11- a mutation found in KTS patients disabling ROGDI function. This Rogdi-/- mutant model recapitulates most KTS symptoms. Mutants displayed pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures, confirming epilepsy susceptibility. Spontaneous locomotion and circadian activity tests demonstrate Rogdi mutant hyperactivity mirroring patient spasticity. Object recognition impairment indicates memory deficits. Rogdi-/- mutant enamel was markedly less mature. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed its hypomineralized/hypomature crystallization, as well as its low mineral content. Transcriptomic RNA sequencing of postnatal day 5 lower incisors showed downregulated enamel matrix proteins Enam, Amelx, and Ambn. Enamel crystallization appears highly pH-dependent, cycling between an acidic and neutral pH during enamel maturation. Rogdi-/- teeth exhibit no signs of cyclic dental acidification. Additionally, expression changes in Wdr72, Slc9a3r2, and Atp6v0c were identified as potential contributors to these tooth acidification abnormalities. These proteins interact through the acidifying V-ATPase complex. Here, we present the Rogdi-/- mutant as a novel model to partially decipher KTS pathophysiology. Rogdi-/- mutant defects in acidification might explain the unusual combination of enamel and rare neurological disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jimenez-Armijo
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Supawich Morkmued
- Pediatrics Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - José Tomás Ahumada
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie, Inserm UMR_S 1121, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yvan de Feraudy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gergo Gogl
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Fabrice Riet
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie Christine Birling
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Magali Hernandez
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Competence Center for Rare Oral and Dental Diseases, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Institut d'études Avancées (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Hôpital Civil, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Filière Santé Maladies Rares TETE COU, European Reference Network ERN CRANIO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France.
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Said R, Mortazavi H, Cooper D, Ovens K, McQuillan I, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Deciphering the functions of Stromal Interaction Molecule-1 in amelogenesis using AmelX-iCre mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1100714. [PMID: 36935757 PMCID: PMC10014868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The intracellular Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is thought to play a critical role in enamel development, as its mutations cause Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI). We recently established an ameloblast-specific (AmelX-iCre) Stim1 conditional deletion mouse model to investigate the role of STIM1 in controlling ameloblast function and differentiation in vivo (Stim1 cKO). Our pilot data (Said et al., J. Dent. Res., 2019, 98, 1002-1010) support our hypothesis for a broad role of Stim1 in amelogenesis. This paper aims to provide an in-depth characterization of the enamel phenotype observed in our Stim1 cKO model. Methods: We crossed AmelX-iCre mice with Stim1-floxed animals to develop ameloblast-specific Stim1 cKO mice. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and micro- CT were used to study the enamel phenotype. RNAseq and RT-qPCR were utilized to evaluate changes in the gene expression of several key ameloblast genes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the amelogenin, matrix metalloprotease 20 and kallikrein 4 proteins in ameloblasts. Results: Stim1 cKO animals exhibited a hypomineralized AI phenotype, with reduced enamel volume, diminished mineral density, and lower calcium content. The mutant enamel phenotype was more severe in older Stim1 cKO mice compared to younger ones and changes in enamel volume and mineral content were more pronounced in incisors compared to molars. Exploratory RNAseq analysis of incisors' ameloblasts suggested that ablation of Stim1 altered the expression levels of several genes encoding enamel matrix proteins which were confirmed by subsequent RT-qPCR. On the other hand, RT-qPCR analysis of molars' ameloblasts showed non-significant differences in the expression levels of enamel matrix genes between control and Stim1-deficient cells. Moreover, gene expression analysis of incisors' and molars' ameloblasts showed that Stim1 ablation caused changes in the expression levels of several genes associated with calcium transport and mitochondrial kinetics. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that the loss of Stim1 in ameloblasts may impact enamel mineralization and ameloblast gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Said
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Helyasadat Mortazavi
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Katie Ovens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian McQuillan
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Petros Papagerakis,
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Mohabatpour F, Al-Dulaymi M, Lobanova L, Scutchings B, Papagerakis S, Badea I, Chen X, Papagerakis P. Gemini surfactant-based nanoparticles T-box1 gene delivery as a novel approach to promote epithelial stem cells differentiation and dental enamel formation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212844. [PMID: 35929273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enamel is the highest mineralized tissue in the body protecting teeth from external stimuli, infections, and injuries. Enamel lacks the ability to self-repair due to the absence of enamel-producing cells in the erupted teeth. Here, we reported a novel approach to promote enamel-like tissue formation via the delivery of a key ameloblast inducer, T-box1 gene, into a rat dental epithelial stem cell line, HAT-7, using non-viral gene delivery systems based on cationic lipids. We comparatively assessed the lipoplexes prepared from glycyl-lysine-modified gemini surfactants and commercially available 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane lipids at three nitrogen-to phosphate (N/P) ratios of 2.5, 5 and 10. Our findings revealed that physico-chemical characteristics and biological activities of the gemini surfactant-based lipoplexes with a N/P ratio of 5 provide the most optimal outcomes among those examined. HAT-7 cells were transfected with T-box1 gene using the optimal formulation then cultured in conventional 2D cell culture systems. Ameloblast differentiation, mineralization, bio-enamel interface and structure were assessed at different time points over 28 days. Our results showed that our gemini transfection system provides superior gene expression compared to the benchmark agent, while keeping low cytotoxicity levels. T-box1-transfected HAT-7 cells strongly expressed markers of secretory and maturation stages of the ameloblasts, deposited minerals, and produced enamel-like crystals when compared to control cells. Taken together, our gemini surfactant-based T-box1 gene delivery system is effective to accelerate and guide ameloblastic differentiation of dental epithelial stem cells and promote enamel-like tissue formation. This study would represent a significant advance towards the tissue engineering and regeneration of dental enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada; College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
| | - Mays Al-Dulaymi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
| | - Brittany Scutchings
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd B419, S7N 0W8, SK, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada; College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada.
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Developmental Defects of the Teeth and Their Hard Tissues. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Said R, Lobanova L, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Calcium Sets the Clock in Ameloblasts. Front Physiol 2020; 11:920. [PMID: 32848861 PMCID: PMC7411184 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is one of the main components of the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) signaling pathway. Individuals with mutated STIM1 present severely hypomineralized enamel characterized as amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) but the downstream molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Circadian clock signaling plays a key role in regulating the enamel thickness and mineralization, but the effects of STIM1-mediated AI on circadian clock are unknown. Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the potential links between SOCE and the circadian clock during amelogenesis. Methods We have generated mice with ameloblast-specific deletion of Stim1 (Stim1fl/fl/Amelx-iCre+/+, Stim1 cKO) and analyzed circadian gene expression profile in Stim1 cKO compared to control (Stim1fl/fl/Amelx-iCre–/–) using ameloblast micro-dissection and RNA micro-array of 84 circadian genes. Expression level changes were validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Stim1 deletion has resulted in significant upregulation of the core circadian activator gene Brain and Muscle Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocation 1 (Bmal1) and downregulation of the circadian inhibitor Period 2 (Per2). Our analyses also revealed that SOCE disruption results in dysregulation of two additional circadian regulators; p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK14) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). Both MAPK14 and TGF-β1 pathways are known to play major roles in enamel secretion and their dysregulation has been previously implicated in the development of AI phenotype. Conclusion These data indicate that disruption of SOCE significantly affects the ameloblasts molecular circadian clock, suggesting that alteration of the circadian clock may be partly involved in the development of STIM1-mediated AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Said
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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6
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Reibring CG, Hallberg K, Linde A, Gritli-Linde A. Distinct and Overlapping Expression Patterns of the Homer Family of Scaffolding Proteins and Their Encoding Genes in Developing Murine Cephalic Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041264. [PMID: 32070057 PMCID: PMC7072945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals Homer1, Homer2 and Homer3 constitute a family of scaffolding proteins with key roles in Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ transport. In rodents, Homer proteins and mRNAs have been shown to be expressed in various postnatal tissues and to be enriched in brain. However, whether the Homers are expressed in developing tissues is hitherto largely unknown. In this work, we used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to analyze the expression patterns of Homer1, Homer2 and Homer3 in developing cephalic structures. Our study revealed that the three Homer proteins and their encoding genes are expressed in a wide range of developing tissues and organs, including the brain, tooth, eye, cochlea, salivary glands, olfactory and respiratory mucosae, bone and taste buds. We show that although overall the three Homers exhibit overlapping distribution patterns, the proteins localize at distinct subcellular domains in several cell types, that in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells Homer proteins are concentrated in puncta and that the vascular endothelium is enriched with Homer3 mRNA and protein. Our findings suggest that Homer proteins may have differential and overlapping functions and are expected to be of value for future research aiming at deciphering the roles of Homer proteins during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes-Göran Reibring
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
- Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, SE-45131 Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hallberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Anders Linde
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Amel Gritli-Linde
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-31-7863392
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7
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Said R, Zheng L, Saunders T, Zeidler M, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Generation of Amelx-iCre Mice Supports Ameloblast-Specific Role for Stim1. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1002-1010. [PMID: 31329049 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519858976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and targeting of the molecular pathways regulating amelogenesis is an ongoing challenge in dental research, and progress has been restricted by the limited number of genetic tools available to study gene function in ameloblasts. Here, we generated 4 transgenic Cre-driver mouse lines that express improved Cre (iCre)-recombinase from the locus of the mouse ameloblast-specific gene amelogenin X (Amelx-iCre) with a large (250-kb) bacterial artificial chromosome DNA vector. All 4 Amelx-iCre transgenic lines were bred with ROSA26 reporter mice to characterize the iCre developmental pattern with the LacZ gene encoding β-galactosidase enzyme activity assay and Cre protein immunohistochemistry. From the 4 generated transgenic lines, 2 were selected for further analysis because they expressed a high amount of Cre recombinase exclusively in ameloblasts and showed developmental stage- and cell-specific β-galactosidase activity mimicking the endogenous amelogenin expression. To test the functionality of the selected transgenic models, we bred the 2 Amelx-iCre mice lines with stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1) floxed mice to generate ameloblast-specific Stim1 conditional knockout mice (Stim1 cKO). STIM1 protein serves as one of the main calcium sensors in ameloblasts and plays a major role in enamel mineralization and ameloblast differentiation. Amelx-iCre mice displayed exclusive CRE-mediated recombination in incisor and molar ameloblasts. Stim1 cKO mice showed a severely defected enamel phenotype, including reduced structural integrity concomitant with increased attrition and smaller teeth. The phenotype and genotype of the Amelx-iCre/Stim1 cKO showed significant differences with the previously reported Ker14-Cre/Stim1 cKO, highlighting the need for cell- and stage-specific Cre lines for an accurate phenotype-genotype comparison. Furthermore, our model has the advantage of carrying the entire Amelx gene locus rather than being limited to an Amelx partial promoter construct, which greatly enhances the stability and the specificity of our Cre expression. As such, the Amelx-iCre transgenic lines that we developed may serve as a powerful tool for targeting ameloblast-specific gene expression in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Said
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,2 College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - L Zheng
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Saunders
- 4 Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Zeidler
- 4 Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Papagerakis
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,6 Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - P Papagerakis
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,2 College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,7 Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Eckstein M, Lacruz RS. CRAC channels in dental enamel cells. Cell Calcium 2018; 75:14-20. [PMID: 30114531 PMCID: PMC6435299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enamel mineralization relies on Ca2+ availability provided by Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. CRAC channels are modulated by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor STIM1 which gates the pore subunit of the channel known as ORAI1, found the in plasma membrane, to enable sustained Ca2+ influx. Mutations in the STIM1 and ORAI1 genes result in CRAC channelopathy, an ensemble of diseases including immunodeficiency, muscular hypotonia, ectodermal dysplasia with defects in sweat gland function and abnormal enamel mineralization similar to amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). In some reports, the chief medical complain has been the patient's dental health, highlighting the direct and important link between CRAC channels and enamel. The reported enamel defects are apparent in both the deciduous and in permanent teeth and often require extensive dental treatment to provide the patient with a functional dentition. Among the dental phenotypes observed in the patients, discoloration, increased wear, hypoplasias (thinning of enamel) and chipping has been reported. These findings are not universal in all patients. Here we review the mutations in STIM1 and ORAI1 causing AI-like phenotype, and evaluate the enamel defects in CRAC channel deficient mice. We also provide a brief overview of the role of CRAC channels in other mineralizing systems such as dentine and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eckstein
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York 10010, USA
| | - R S Lacruz
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York 10010, USA.
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Kim HE, Hong JH. The overview of channels, transporters, and calcium signaling molecules during amelogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:47-55. [PMID: 29803993 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enamel is a highly calcified tissue. Its formation requires a progressive and dynamic system for the regulation of electrolyte concentration by enamel epithelia. A critical function of enamel epithelial cells, ameloblasts, is the secretion and movement of electrolytes via various channels and transporters to develop the enamel tissue. Enamel formation generates protons, which need to be neutralised. Thus, ameloblasts possess a buffering system to sustain mineral accretion. Normal tooth formation involves stage-dependent net fluctuations in pH during amelogenesis. To date, all of our information about ion transporters in dental enamel tissue is based solely on immunostaining-expression techniques. This review critically evaluates the current understanding and recent discoveries and physiological role of ion channels and transporters, Mg2+ transporters, and Ca2+ regulatory proteins during amelogenesis in enamel formation. The ways in which ameloblasts modulate ions are discussed in the context of current research for developing a novel morphologic-functional model of enamel maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Eun Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191 Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
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10
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Kimura M, Nishi K, Higashikawa A, Ohyama S, Sakurai K, Tazaki M, Shibukawa Y. High pH-Sensitive Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry Mediated by Ca 2+ Release-Activated Ca 2+ Channels in Rat Odontoblasts. Front Physiol 2018; 9:443. [PMID: 29765331 PMCID: PMC5938338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblasts play a crucial role in dentin formation and sensory transduction following the application of stimuli to the dentin surface. Various exogenous and endogenous stimuli elicit an increase in the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in odontoblasts, which is mediated by Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores and/or Ca2+ influx from the extracellular medium. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the depletion of Ca2+ stores in odontoblasts activated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a Ca2+ influx pathway. However, the precise biophysical and pharmacological properties of SOCE in odontoblasts have remained unclear. In the present study, we examined the functional expression and pharmacological properties of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels that mediate SOCE and evaluated the alkali sensitivity of SOCE in rat odontoblasts. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, treatment with thapsigargin (TG), a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, induced an increase in [Ca2+]i. After [Ca2+]i returned to near-resting levels, the subsequent application of 2.5 mM extracellular Ca2+ resulted in an increase in [Ca2+]i which is a typical of SOCE activation. Additionally, application of 2-methylthioadenosine diphosphate trisodium salt (2-MeSADP), a P2Y1,12,13 receptor agonist, or carbachol (CCh), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. The subsequent addition of extracellular Ca2+ resulted in significantly higher [Ca2+]i in 2-MeSADP- or CCh-treated odontoblasts than in untreated cells. SOCE, that is activated by addition of extracellular Ca2+ in the TG pretreated odontoblasts was then suppressed by Synta66, BTP2, or lanthanum, which are CRAC channel inhibitors. Treatment with an alkaline solution enhanced SOCE, while treatment with HC030031, a TRPA1 channel antagonist, inhibited it. The amplitude of SOCE at pH 9 in the presence of HC030031 was higher than that at pH 7.4 in the absence of HC030031. These findings indicate that CRAC channel-mediated alkali-sensitive SOCE occurs in odontoblasts. SOCE is mediated by P2Y and muscarinic-cholinergic receptors, which are activated by endogenous ligands in odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sadao Ohyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakurai
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tazaki
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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ORAI1 mutations abolishing store-operated Ca 2+ entry cause anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:1297-1310.e11. [PMID: 29155098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels is an essential signaling pathway in many cell types. Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels are formed by ORAI1, ORAI2, and ORAI3 proteins and activated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 and STIM2. Mutations in the ORAI1 and STIM1 genes that abolish SOCE cause a combined immunodeficiency (CID) syndrome that is accompanied by autoimmunity and nonimmunologic symptoms. OBJECTIVE We performed molecular and immunologic analysis of patients with CID, anhidrosis, and ectodermal dysplasia of unknown etiology. METHODS We performed DNA sequencing of the ORAI1 gene, modeling of mutations on ORAI1 crystal structure, analysis of ORAI1 mRNA and protein expression, SOCE measurements, immunologic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte populations by using flow cytometry, and histologic and ultrastructural analysis of patient tissues. RESULTS We identified 3 novel autosomal recessive mutations in ORAI1 in unrelated kindreds with CID, autoimmunity, ectodermal dysplasia with anhidrosis, and muscular dysplasia. The patients were homozygous for p.V181SfsX8, p.L194P, and p.G98R mutations in the ORAI1 gene that suppressed ORAI1 protein expression and SOCE in the patients' lymphocytes and fibroblasts. In addition to impaired T-cell cytokine production, ORAI1 mutations were associated with strongly reduced numbers of invariant natural killer T and regulatory T (Treg) cells and altered composition of γδ T-cell and natural killer cell subsets. CONCLUSION ORAI1 null mutations are associated with reduced numbers of invariant natural killer T and Treg cells that likely contribute to the patients' immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. ORAI1-deficient patients have dental enamel defects and anhidrosis, representing a new form of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency that is distinct from previously reported patients with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway (IKBKG and NFKBIA).
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12
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Furukawa Y, Haruyama N, Nikaido M, Nakanishi M, Ryu N, Oh-Hora M, Kuremoto K, Yoshizaki K, Takano Y, Takahashi I. Stim1 Regulates Enamel Mineralization and Ameloblast Modulation. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1422-1429. [PMID: 28732182 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517719872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel genes ORAI1 and STIM1 abolish store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and result in ectodermal dysplasia with amelogenesis imperfecta. However, because of the limited availability of patient tissue, analyses of enamel mineralization or possible changes in ameloblast function or morphology have not been possible. Here, we generated mice with ectodermal tissue-specific deletion of Stim1 ( Stim1 cKO [conditional knockout]), Stim2 ( Stim2 cKO), and Stim1 and Stim2 ( Stim1/2 cKO) and analyzed their enamel phenotypes as compared with those of control ( Stim1/2fl/fl) animals. Ablation of Stim1 and Stim1/2 but not Stim2 expression resulted in chalky enamel and severe attrition at the incisor tips and molar cusps. Stim1 and Stim1/2 cKO, but not Stim2 cKO, demonstrated inferior enamel mineralization with impaired structural integrity, whereas the shape of the teeth and enamel thickness appeared to be normal in all animals. The gene expression levels of the enamel matrix proteins Amelx and Ambn and the enamel matrix proteases Mmp20 and Klk4 were not altered by the abrogation of SOCE in Stim1/2 cKO mice. The morphology of ameloblasts during the secretory and maturation stages was not significantly altered in either the incisors or molars of the cKO animals. However, in Stim1 and Stim1/2 cKO incisors, the alternating modulation of maturation-stage ameloblasts between the smooth- and ruffle-ended cell types continued beyond the regular cycle and extended to the areas corresponding to the zone of postmodulation ameloblasts in the teeth of control animals. These results indicate that SOCE is essential for proper enamel mineralization, in which Stim1 plays a critical role during the maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Furukawa
- 1 Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,2 Institute of Decision Science Program for Sustainable Society, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Haruyama
- 1 Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Nikaido
- 1 Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Nakanishi
- 1 Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Ryu
- 1 Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Oh-Hora
- 3 Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Kuremoto
- 4 Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Yoshizaki
- 1 Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Takano
- 5 Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Takahashi
- 1 Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Nurbaeva MK, Eckstein M, Feske S, Lacruz RS. Ca 2+ transport and signalling in enamel cells. J Physiol 2017; 595:3015-3039. [PMID: 27510811 PMCID: PMC5430215 DOI: 10.1113/jp272775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is one of the most remarkable examples of matrix-mediated biomineralization. Enamel crystals form de novo in a rich extracellular environment in a stage-dependent manner producing complex microstructural patterns that are visually stunning. This process is orchestrated by specialized epithelial cells known as ameloblasts which themselves undergo striking morphological changes, switching function from a secretory role to a cell primarily engaged in ionic transport. Ameloblasts are supported by a host of cell types which combined represent the enamel organ. Fully mineralized enamel is the hardest tissue found in vertebrates owing its properties partly to the unique mixture of ionic species represented and their highly organized assembly in the crystal lattice. Among the main elements found in enamel, Ca2+ is the most abundant ion, yet how ameloblasts modulate Ca2+ dynamics remains poorly known. This review describes previously proposed models for passive and active Ca2+ transport, the intracellular Ca2+ buffering systems expressed in ameloblasts and provides an up-dated view of current models concerning Ca2+ influx and extrusion mechanisms, where most of the recent advances have been made. We also advance a new model for Ca2+ transport by the enamel organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meerim K. Nurbaeva
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
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