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Robbins AE, Horst SG, Lewis VM, Stewart S, Stankunas K. The Fraser complex interconnects tissue layers to support basal epidermis and osteoblast integrated morphogenesis underlying fin skeletal patterning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.08.548238. [PMID: 37461516 PMCID: PMC10350090 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.08.548238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fraser Syndrome is a rare, multisystemic autosomal recessive disorder characterized by disrupted epithelial-mesenchymal associations upon loss of Fraser Complex genes. Disease manifestation and affected organs are highly variable. Digit malformations such as syndactyly are common but of unclear developmental origins. We explored if zebrafish fraser extracellular matrix complex subunit 1 (fras1) mutants model Fraser Syndrome-associated appendicular skeleton patterning defects. Approximately 10% of fras1 mutants survive to adulthood, displaying striking and varied fin abnormalities, including endochondral bone fusions, ectopic cartilage, and disrupted caudal fin symmetry. The fins of surviving fras1 mutants frequently have fewer and unbranched bony rays. fras1 mutant fins regenerate to their original size but with exacerbated ray branching and fin symmetry defects. Single cell RNA-Seq analysis, in situ hybridizations, and antibody staining show specific Fraser complex expression in the basal epidermis during regenerative outgrowth. Fras1 and Fraser Complex component Frem2 accumulate along the basal side of distal-most basal epidermal cells. Greatly reduced and mislocalized Frem2 accompanies loss of Fras1 in fras1 mutants. The Sonic hedgehog signaling between distal basal epidermis and adjacent mesenchymal pre-osteoblasts that promotes ray branching persists upon Fraser Complex loss. However, fras1 mutant regenerating fins exhibit extensive sub-epidermal blistering associated with a disorganized basal epidermis and adjacent pre-osteoblasts. We propose Fraser Complex-supported tissue layer adhesion enables robust integrated tissue morphogenesis involving the basal epidermis and osteoblasts. Further, we establish zebrafish fin development and regeneration as an accessible model to explore mechanisms of Fraser Syndrome-associated digit defects and Fraser Complex function at epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces.
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Rumping L, Hennekam RCM, Alders M, van Haelst MM. "Hypothesis: Patient with possible disturbance in programmed cell death": further insights in pathogenicity and clinical features of Fraser syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:16-17. [PMID: 36042327 PMCID: PMC9822888 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Rumping
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Raoul C M Hennekam
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Alders
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
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Excluding embryos with two novel mutations in FREM2 gene by the next-generation sequencing-based single nucleotide polymorphism haplotyping. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24786-24794. [PMID: 34837691 PMCID: PMC8660615 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fraser syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive malformation disorder. It is characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, urinary tract abnormalities and ambiguous genitalia. This condition is due to homozygous or heterozygous mutations in the FRAS1, FREM1, FREM2, and GRIP1 genes. In the present study, we recruited a Chinese family with Fraser syndrome. Two novel mutations c.7542_7543insG and c.2689C>T in the FREM2 gene were detected in this Fraser syndrome family by PCR-based sequencing. The next-generation sequencing-based single nucleotide polymorphism haplotyping method was applied to exclude these two mutations in 9 blastocysts obtained from the patient. After obtaining consent and informing the risk, the patient received in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatment with an embryo carrying a heterozygous mutation. Finally, she delivered a healthy baby without any complications on March 17, 2019. In conclusion, we first reported two novel mutations in the FREM2 gene associated with the risk of Fraser syndrome. Moreover, we described a next-generation sequencing-based single nucleotide polymorphism haplotyping method to select the ‘right’ embryos from patients with Fraser syndrome for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatment.
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Bouaoud J, Olivetto M, Testelin S, Dakpe S, Bettoni J, Devauchelle B. Fraser syndrome: review of the literature illustrated by a historical adult case. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:1245-1253. [PMID: 31982235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fraser syndrome (cryptophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation disorder. The first description of the syndrome was reported by George Fraser in 1962. Diagnosis is based on the major and minor criteria established by van Haelst et al. in 2007. Unilateral or bilateral cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, unilateral renal agenesis, and genital anomalies are the most frequent anomalies. Several maxillofacial, oro-dental, ear-nose-throat, hormonal, and anorectal disorders are reported. Cardiac malformations and musculoskeletal anomalies are uncommon. The syndrome is related to mutations in three different genes (FRAS1, FREM2, and GRIP1) resulting in failure of the apoptosis program and disruption of the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during embryonic development. Prenatal diagnosis is based on the detection of renal agenesis and laryngeal atresia, together with a family history. Most foetuses with severe anomalies are terminated or are stillborn. All patients or pregnancies with a diagnosis of Fraser syndrome should be referred to expert centres. A collaborative approach including anaesthetists, ENT specialists, maxillofacial surgeons, and geneticists is necessary for the management of this syndrome. In vivo and in vitro research models are available to better understand the underlying aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bouaoud
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 6, Sorbonne Paris Cite University, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - M Olivetto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - S Testelin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - S Dakpe
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - J Bettoni
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - B Devauchelle
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
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Umeda S, Kanda M, Miwa T, Tanaka H, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Hayashi M, Yamada S, Nakayama G, Koike M, Kodera Y. Fraser extracellular matrix complex subunit 1 promotes liver metastasis of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2865-2876. [PMID: 31597194 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is often fatal in patients with gastric cancer, therefore, we aimed to identify genes associated with the mechanisms of liver metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) and to investigate their potential to predict recurrence and to serve as targets of therapy. Recurrence pattern-specific transcriptome analysis was performed to identify liver metastasis-associated genes. A stable knockout cell line was generated to investigate metabolic pathways that contribute to the malignant phenotype in vitro and vivo. Three hundred GC patients were analyzed to demonstrate an association between gene expression levels and clinicopathological parameters. As a results extracellular matrix complex subunit 1 (FRAS1) was identified as a liver metastasis-associated gene. Pathway analysis revealed that FRAS1 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of genes encoding TGFB1, MAP1B, AHNAK, BMP2, MUC1, BIRC5, MET, CDH1, RB1 and MKI67. FRAS1 expression was associated with the activation of the EGFR and PI3K signaling pathways. The proliferation ability of FRAS1 knockout cell line (FRAS1-KO) was inhibited compared to that of the parent cell line through caspase activity increment and cell cycle alteration. FRAS1-KO cells exhibited increased responsiveness to oxygen stress and diminished stemness, invasiveness, and migration. Mouse models of GC revealed decreases in tumor formation and generation of metastasis by FRAS1-KO cells. Moreover, the cumulative liver recurrence rate was significantly increased in patients with GC with high FRAS1 expression levels. We concluded that FRAS1 contributes to the malignant phenotype of GC, especially liver metastasis, and may therefore serve as a predictive marker or a target for treating liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Jordan VK, Beck TF, Hernandez-Garcia A, Kundert PN, Kim BJ, Jhangiani SN, Gambin T, Starkovich M, Punetha J, Paine IS, Posey JE, Li AH, Muzny D, Hsu CW, Lashua AJ, Sun X, Fernandes CJ, Dickinson ME, Lally KP, Gibbs RA, Boerwinkle E, Lupski JR, Scott DA. The role of FREM2 and FRAS1 in the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2064-2075. [PMID: 29618029 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been reported twice in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Fraser syndrome, a genetic disorder that can be caused by recessive mutations affecting FREM2 and FRAS1. In the extracellular matrix, FREM2 and FRAS1 form a self-stabilizing complex with FREM1, a protein whose deficiency causes sac CDH in humans and mice. By sequencing FREM2 and FRAS1 in a CDH cohort, and searching online databases, we identified five individuals who carried recessive or double heterozygous, putatively deleterious variants in these genes which may represent susceptibility alleles. Three of these alleles were significantly enriched in our CDH cohort compared with ethnically matched controls. We subsequently demonstrated that 8% of Frem2ne/ne and 1% of Fras1Q1263*/Q1263* mice develop the same type of anterior sac CDH seen in FREM1-deficient mice. We went on to show that development of sac hernias in FREM1-deficient mice is preceded by failure of anterior mesothelial fold progression resulting in the persistence of an amuscular, poorly vascularized anterior diaphragm that is abnormally adherent to the underlying liver. Herniation occurs in the perinatal period when the expanding liver protrudes through this amuscular region of the anterior diaphragm that is juxtaposed to areas of muscular diaphragm. Based on these data, we conclude that deficiency of FREM2, and possibly FRAS1, are associated with an increased risk of developing CDH and that loss of the FREM1/FREM2/FRAS1 complex, or its function, leads to anterior sac CDH development through its effects on mesothelial fold progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie K Jordan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tyler F Beck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andres Hernandez-Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter N Kundert
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bum-Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Molly Starkovich
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaya Punetha
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ingrid S Paine
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander H Li
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amber J Lashua
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin P Lally
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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