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Martín-Cófreces NB, Valpuesta JM, Sánchez-Madrid F. Folding for the Immune Synapse: CCT Chaperonin and the Cytoskeleton. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658460. [PMID: 33912568 PMCID: PMC8075050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes rearrange their shape, membrane receptors and organelles during cognate contacts with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Activation of T cells by APCs through pMHC-TCR/CD3 interaction (peptide-major histocompatibility complex-T cell receptor/CD3 complexes) involves different steps that lead to the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and organelles and, eventually, activation of nuclear factors allowing transcription and ultimately, replication and cell division. Both the positioning of the lymphocyte centrosome in close proximity to the APC and the nucleation of a dense microtubule network beneath the plasma membrane from the centrosome support the T cell's intracellular polarity. Signaling from the TCR is facilitated by this traffic, which constitutes an important pathway for regulation of T cell activation. The coordinated enrichment upon T cell stimulation of the chaperonin CCT (chaperonin-containing tailless complex polypeptide 1; also termed TRiC) and tubulins at the centrosome area support polarized tubulin polymerization and T cell activation. The proteasome is also enriched in the centrosome of activated T cells, providing a mechanism to balance local protein synthesis and degradation. CCT assists the folding of proteins coming from de novo synthesis, therefore favoring mRNA translation. The functional role of this chaperonin in regulating cytoskeletal composition and dynamics at the immune synapse is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Beatriz Martín-Cófreces
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autonoma Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria-Instituto Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autonoma Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigacion Sanitaria-Instituto Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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Martin-Cofreces NB, Chichon FJ, Calvo E, Torralba D, Bustos-Moran E, Dosil SG, Rojas-Gomez A, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Lopez JA, Otón J, Sorrentino A, Zabala JC, Vernos I, Vazquez J, Valpuesta JM, Sanchez-Madrid F. The chaperonin CCT controls T cell receptor-driven 3D configuration of centrioles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb7242. [PMID: 33268369 PMCID: PMC7821906 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocyte activation requires the formation of immune synapses (IS) with antigen-presenting cells. The dynamics of membrane receptors, signaling scaffolds, microfilaments, and microtubules at the IS determine the potency of T cell activation and subsequent immune response. Here, we show that the cytosolic chaperonin CCT (chaperonin-containing TCP1) controls the changes in reciprocal orientation of the centrioles and polarization of the tubulin dynamics induced by T cell receptor in T lymphocytes forming an IS. CCT also controls the mitochondrial ultrastructure and the metabolic status of T cells, regulating the de novo synthesis of tubulin as well as posttranslational modifications (poly-glutamylation, acetylation, Δ1 and Δ2) of αβ-tubulin heterodimers, fine-tuning tubulin dynamics. These changes ultimately determine the function and organization of the centrioles, as shown by three-dimensional reconstruction of resting and stimulated primary T cells using cryo-soft x-ray tomography. Through this mechanism, CCT governs T cell activation and polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Martin-Cofreces
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP. Madrid, 28006 Spain.
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Spain
| | - F J Chichon
- Department of Macromolecular Structure, Computational Systems Biology Group, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - E Calvo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Spain
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - D Torralba
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP. Madrid, 28006 Spain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - E Bustos-Moran
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP. Madrid, 28006 Spain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - S G Dosil
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP. Madrid, 28006 Spain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - A Rojas-Gomez
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP. Madrid, 28006 Spain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - E Bonzon-Kulichenko
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Spain
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - J A Lopez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - J Otón
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - A Sorrentino
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - J C Zabala
- Departament of Molecular Biology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 39005 Spain
| | - I Vernos
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - J Vazquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Spain
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics. Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - J M Valpuesta
- Department of Macromolecular Structure, Computational Systems Biology Group, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - F Sanchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP. Madrid, 28006 Spain.
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, 28029 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Spain
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Periz G, Keller LR. DNA elements regulating alpha1-tubulin gene induction during regeneration of eukaryotic flagella. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:3858-66. [PMID: 9199320 PMCID: PMC232238 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.7.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic flagella are complex organelles composed of more than 200 polypeptides. Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms governing synthesis of the flagellar protein subunits and their assembly into this complex organelle. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the premier experimental model system for studying such cellular processes. When acid shocked, C. reinhardtii excises its flagella, rapidly and coordinately activates transcription of a set of flagellar genes, and ultimately regenerates a new flagellar pair. To define functionally the regulatory sequences that govern induction of the set of genes after acid shock, we analyzed the alpha1-tubulin gene promoter. To simplify transcriptional analysis in vivo, we inserted the selectable marker gene ARG7 on the same plasmid with a tagged alpha1-tubulin gene and stably introduced it into C. reinhardtii cells. By deletion of various sequences, two promoter regions (-176 to -122 and -85 to -16) were identified as important for induction of the tagged alpha1-tubulin gene. Deleting the region between -176 and -122 from the transcription start site resulted in an induction level which was only 45 to 70% of that of the resident gene. Deleting the region upstream of -56 resulted in a complete loss of inducibility without affecting basal expression. The alpha1-tubulin promoter region from -85 to -16 conferred partial acid shock inducibility to an arylsulfatase (ARS) reporter gene. These results show that induction of the alpha1-tubulin gene after acid shock is a complex response that requires diverse sequence elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Periz
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, USA
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