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Krontira AC, Cruceanu C, Dony L, Kyrousi C, Link MH, Rek N, Pöhlchen D, Raimundo C, Penner-Goeke S, Schowe A, Czamara D, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Sammallahti S, Wolford E, Heinonen K, Roeh S, Sportelli V, Wölfel B, Ködel M, Sauer S, Rex-Haffner M, Räikkönen K, Labeur M, Cappello S, Binder EB. Human cortical neurogenesis is altered via glucocorticoid-mediated regulation of ZBTB16 expression. Neuron 2024; 112:1426-1443.e11. [PMID: 38442714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are important for proper organ maturation, and their levels are tightly regulated during development. Here, we use human cerebral organoids and mice to study the cell-type-specific effects of glucocorticoids on neurogenesis. We show that glucocorticoids increase a specific type of basal progenitors (co-expressing PAX6 and EOMES) that has been shown to contribute to cortical expansion in gyrified species. This effect is mediated via the transcription factor ZBTB16 and leads to increased production of neurons. A phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis of an enhancer variant that moderates glucocorticoid-induced ZBTB16 levels reveals causal relationships with higher educational attainment and altered brain structure. The relationship with postnatal cognition is also supported by data from a prospective pregnancy cohort study. This work provides a cellular and molecular pathway for the effects of glucocorticoids on human neurogenesis that relates to lasting postnatal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi C Krontira
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany.
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Leander Dony
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Department for Computational Health, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Christina Kyrousi
- Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens 15784, Greece; University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Costas Stefanis", Athens 15601, Greece
| | - Marie-Helen Link
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Nils Rek
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Dorothee Pöhlchen
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Catarina Raimundo
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Signe Penner-Goeke
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Alicia Schowe
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sara Sammallahti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Elina Wolford
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Psychology/Welfare, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Simone Roeh
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Vincenza Sportelli
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Barbara Wölfel
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Susann Sauer
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Monika Rex-Haffner
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marta Labeur
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany.
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2
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Hai L, Maurya VK, DeMayo FJ, Lydon JP. Establishment of Murine Pregnancy Requires the Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Transcription Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3451. [PMID: 38542422 PMCID: PMC10970820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Using an established human primary cell culture model, we previously demonstrated that the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) transcription factor is a direct target of the progesterone receptor (PGR) and is essential for progestin-dependent decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). These in vitro findings were supported by immunohistochemical analysis of human endometrial tissue biopsies, which showed that the strongest immunoreactivity for endometrial PLZF is detected during the progesterone (P4)-dominant secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. While these human studies provided critical clinical support for the important role of PLZF in P4-dependent HESC decidualization, functional validation in vivo was not possible due to the absence of suitable animal models. To address this deficiency, we recently generated a conditional knockout mouse model in which PLZF is ablated in PGR-positive cells of the mouse (Plzf d/d). The Plzf d/d female was phenotypically analyzed using immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Reproductive function was tested using the timed natural pregnancy model as well as the artificial decidual response assay. Even though ovarian activity is not affected, female Plzf d/d mice exhibit an infertility phenotype due to an inability of the embryo to implant into the Plzf d/d endometrium. Initial cellular and molecular phenotyping investigations reveal that the Plzf d/d endometrium is unable to develop a transient receptive state, which is reflected at the molecular level by a blunted response to P4 exposure with a concomitant unopposed response to 17-β estradiol. In addition to a defect in P4-dependent receptivity, the Plzf d/d endometrium fails to undergo decidualization in response to an artificial decidual stimulus, providing the in vivo validation for our earlier HESC culture findings. Collectively, our new Plzf d/d mouse model underscores the physiological importance of the PLZF transcription factor not only in endometrial stromal cell decidualization but also uterine receptivity, two uterine cellular processes that are indispensable for the establishment of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.H.); (V.K.M.)
| | - Vineet K. Maurya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.H.); (V.K.M.)
| | - Francesco J. DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.H.); (V.K.M.)
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3
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Mehdinezhad Roshan M, Azizi H. Advanced isolation, expansion and characterization research study on pig testicular cells during differentiation and proliferation. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3700-3707. [PMID: 37139746 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2206862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the complex process of sperm production to transmit paternal genetic information to the subsequent generation. This process is determined by the collaboration of several germ and somatic cells, most importantly spermatogonia stem cells and Sertoli cells. To characterize germ and somatic cells in the tubule seminiferous contort in pig and consequently has an impact on the analysis of pig fertility. Germ cells were extracted from pig testis by enzymatic digestion before being expanded on Sandos inbred mice (SIM) embryo-derived thioguanine and ouabain resistant fibroblasts (STO) feeder layer supplemented with FGF, EGF, and GDNF. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis for Sox9, Vimentin, and PLZF markers were performed to examine the generated colonies of pig testicular cells. Electron microscopy was also utilized to analyze the morphological features of the extracted pig germ cells. IHC analysis revealed that Sox9 and Vimentin were expressed in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules. Moreover, ICC results showed that the cells have low expression of PLZF while expressing Vimentin. The heterogeneity of the in vitro cultured cells was detected via morphological analysis by the electron microscope. In this experimental study, we tried to reveal exclusive information which obviously could be helpful for future success in the achievement of proper therapies against infertility and sterility as an important global issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mehdinezhad Roshan
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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4
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Maurya VK, Ying Y, Lanza DG, Heaney JD, Lydon JP. A CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mouse carrying a conditional knockout allele for the early growth response-1 transcription factor. Genesis 2023; 61:e23515. [PMID: 36949241 PMCID: PMC10514223 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Early growth response 1 (EGR1) mediates transcriptional programs that are indispensable for cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis in numerous physiologies and pathophysiologies. Whole-body EGR1 knockouts in mice (Egr1KO ) have advanced our understanding of EGR1 function in an in vivo context. To extend the utility of the mouse to investigate EGR1 responses in a tissue- and/or cell-type-specific manner, we generated a mouse model in which exon 2 of the mouse Egr1 gene is floxed by CRISPR/Cas9 engineering. The floxed Egr1 alleles (Egr1f/f ) are designed to enable spatiotemporal control of Cre-mediated EGR1 ablation in the mouse. To confirm that the Egr1f/f alleles can be abrogated using a Cre driver, we crossed the Egr1f/f mouse with a global Cre driver to generate the Egr1 conditional knockout (Egr1d/d ) mouse in which EGR1 expression is ablated in all tissues. Genetic and protein analysis confirmed the absence of exon 2 and loss of EGR1 expression in the Egr1d/d mouse, respectively. Moreover, the Egr1d/d female exhibits overt reproductive phenotypes previously reported for the Egr1KO mouse. Therefore, studies described in this short technical report underscore the potential utility of the murine Egr1 floxed allele to further resolve EGR1 function at a tissue- and/or cell-type-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K. Maurya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Yan Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Denise G. Lanza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jason D. Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
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5
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Wallace M, White JM, Kouranova E, Wang ZT, Cui X. Floxing by Electroporating Single-Cell Embryos with Two CRISPR RNPs and Two ssODNs. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2631:231-252. [PMID: 36995670 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2990-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Floxed alleles and Cre drivers are two components of most conditional knockout mouse models, which are not only important for studying a given gene in a tissue-specific manner, but also useful for functional analysis of various sized genomic regions. With the increased demand for floxed mouse models in biomedical research, reliable and economical creation of floxed alleles is clearly highly valuable yet remains challenging. Here we provide technical details on the method consisting of electroporating single-cell embryos with CRISPR RNPs and ssODNs, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genotyping, an in vitro Cre assay (recombination followed by PCR) for loxP phasing determination, and optional second round targeting of an indel in cis with one loxP insertion in embryos obtained via in vitro fertilization (IVF). As importantly, we present protocols for validation of gRNAs and ssODNs before electroporation of embryos, to confirm phasing of loxP and the indel to be retargeted in individual blastocysts and an alternative strategy to insert loxP sites sequentially. Together, we hope to help researchers reliably obtain floxed alleles in a predictable and timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Wallace
- Mouse Genetics Core, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Michael White
- Transgenic, Knockout and Microinjection Core, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evgenea Kouranova
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zi Teng Wang
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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6
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Sentmanat MF, White JM, Kouranova E, Cui X. Highly reliable creation of floxed alleles by electroporating single-cell embryos. BMC Biol 2022; 20:31. [PMID: 35115009 PMCID: PMC8815186 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floxed (flanked by loxP) alleles are a crucial portion of conditional knockout mouse models. However, an efficient and reliable strategy to flox genomic regions of any desired size is still lacking. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that the method combining electroporation of fertilized eggs with gRNA/Cas9 complexes and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), assessing phasing of loxP insertions in founders using an in vitro Cre assay and an optional, highly specific and efficient second-round targeting ensures the generation of floxed F1 animals in roughly five months for a wide range of sequence lengths (448 bp to 160 kb reported here). CONCLUSIONS Floxed alleles can be reliably obtained in a predictable timeline using the improved method of electroporation of two gRNA/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) and two ssODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica F. Sentmanat
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - J. Michael White
- Transgenic, Knockout and Microinjection Core, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Evguenia Kouranova
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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7
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Dong F, Chen M, Chen M, Jiang L, Shen Z, Ma L, Han C, Guo X, Gao F. PRMT5 Is Involved in Spermatogonial Stem Cells Maintenance by Regulating Plzf Expression via Modulation of Lysine Histone Modifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673258. [PMID: 34113620 PMCID: PMC8185031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes the formation of mono- or symmetric dimethylarginine residues on histones and non-histone substrates and has been demonstrated to play important roles in many biological processes. In the present study, we observed that PRMT5 is abundantly expressed in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and that Prmt5 deletion results in a progressive loss of SSCs and male infertility. The proliferation of Prmt5-deficient SSCs cultured in vitro exhibited abnormal proliferation, cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and a significant increase in apoptosis. Furthermore, PLZF expression was dramatically reduced in Prmt5-deficient SSCs, and the levels of H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 were increased in the proximal promoter region of the Plzf gene in Prmt5-deficient SSCs. Further study revealed that the expression of lysine demethylases (JMJD1A, JMJD1B, JMJD1C, and KDM6B) was significantly reduced in Prmt5-deficient SSCs and that the level of permissive arginine methylation H3R2me2s was significantly decreased at the upstream promoter region of these genes in Prmt5-deficient SSCs. Our results demonstrate that PRMT5 regulates spermatogonial stem cell development by modulating histone H3 lysine modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhiming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Hu Y, Li J, Zhu Y, Li M, Lin J, Yang L, Wang C, Lu Z. Development and characterization of an Otp conditional loss of function allele. Genesis 2020; 58:e23370. [PMID: 32468663 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedia (Otp) is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays an essential role in the development of hypothalamic neurosecretory systems. Loss of Otp results in the failure of differentiation of key hypothalamic neuroendocrine cell types, and pups die soon after birth. Although the constitutive knockout Otp mouse model (Otp KO ) has significantly expanded our understanding of Otp's function in vivo, a conditional loss of function Otp allele that enables tissue or cell-type specific ablation of Otp has not been developed. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate a conditional Otp knockout mouse line in which exon 2 of the murine Otp gene is flanked by LoxP sites (Otp f/f ). Crossing the Otp f/f mouse with Agrp-Ires-cre mouse, we demonstrate the requirement for Otp in the continuous differentiation of AgRP neurons after cell fate determination. We also show that the residual AgRP neurons in Agrp-Ires-cre;Otp f/f mice project to similar downstream target regions. This newly developed Otp f/f mouse can be used to explore the functions of Otp with cell-type or temporal specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Drug Addiction, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Drug Addiction, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbang Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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