1
|
Qiu J, Zhi R, Boughton EH, Li H, Henderson CRB, Petticord DF, Sparks JP, Saha A, Reddy KR. Unraveling spatial heterogeneity of soil legacy phosphorus in subtropical grasslands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024:e3007. [PMID: 38982756 DOI: 10.1002/eap.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Humans have profoundly altered phosphorus (P) cycling across scales. Agriculturally driven changes (e.g., excessive P-fertilization and manure addition), in particular, have resulted in pronounced P accumulations in soils, often known as "soil legacy P." These legacy P reserves serve as persistent and long-term nonpoint sources, inducing downstream eutrophication and ecosystem services degradation. While there is considerable scientific and policy interest in legacy P, its fine-scale spatial heterogeneity, underlying drivers, and scales of variance remain unclear. Here we present an extensive field sampling (150-m interval grid) and analysis of 1438 surface soils (0-15 cm) in 2020 for two typical subtropical grassland types managed for livestock production: Intensively managed (IM) and Semi-natural (SN) pastures. We ask the following questions: (1) What is the spatial variability, and are there hotspots of soil legacy P? (2) Does soil legacy P vary primarily within pastures, among pastures, or between pasture types? (3) How does soil legacy P relate to pasture management intensity, soil and geographic characteristics? and (4) What is the relationship between soil legacy P and aboveground plant tissue P concentration? Our results showed that three measurements of soil legacy P (total P, Mehlich-1, and Mehlich-3 extractable P representing labile P pools) varied substantially across the landscape. Spatial autoregressive models revealed that soil organic matter, pH, available Fe and Al, elevation, and pasture management intensity were crucial predictors for spatial patterns of soil P, although models were more reliable for predicting total P (68.9%) than labile P. Our analysis further demonstrated that total variance in soil legacy P was greater in IM than SN pastures, and intensified pasture management rescaled spatial patterns of soil legacy P. In particular, after controlling for sample size, soil P was extremely variable at small scales, with variance diminished as spatial scale increased. Our results suggest that broad pasture- or farm-level best management practices may be limited and less efficient, especially for more IM pastures. Rather, management to curtail soil legacy P and mitigate P loading and losses should be implemented at fine scales designed to target spatially distinct P hotspots across the landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxiao Qiu
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, Florida, USA
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ran Zhi
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, Florida, USA
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Haoyu Li
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, Lake Placid, Florida, USA
| | | | - Daniel F Petticord
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jed P Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Amartya Saha
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, Lake Placid, Florida, USA
| | - K Ramesh Reddy
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo Y, Boughton EH, Bohlman S, Bernacchi C, Bohlen PJ, Boughton R, DeLucia E, Fauth JE, Gomez-Casanovas N, Jenkins DG, Lollis G, Miller RS, Quintana-Ascencio PF, Sonnier G, Sparks J, Swain HM, Qiu J. Grassland intensification effects cascade to alter multifunctionality of wetlands within metaecosystems. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8267. [PMID: 38092756 PMCID: PMC10719369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural intensification could improve ecosystem service multifunctionality, yet empirical evidence remains tenuous, especially regarding consequences for spatially coupled ecosystems connected by flows across ecosystem boundaries (i.e., metaecosystems). Here we aim to understand the effects of land-use intensification on multiple ecosystem services of spatially connected grasslands and wetlands, where management practices were applied to grasslands but not directly imposed to wetlands. We synthesize long-term datasets encompassing 53 physical, chemical, and biological indicators, comprising >11,000 field measurements. Our results reveal that intensification promotes high-quality forage and livestock production in both grasslands and wetlands, but at the expense of water quality regulation, methane mitigation, non-native species invasion resistance, and biodiversity. Land-use intensification weakens relationships among ecosystem services. The effects on grasslands cascade to alter multifunctionality of embedded natural wetlands within the metaecosystems to a similar extent. These results highlight the importance of considering spatial flows of resources and organisms when studying land-use intensification effects on metaecosystems as well as when designing grassland and wetland management practices to improve landscape multifunctionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Ave, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Boughton
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, 300 Buck Island Ranch Road, Lake Placid, FL, USA.
| | - Stephanie Bohlman
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carl Bernacchi
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patrick J Bohlen
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Raoul Boughton
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, 300 Buck Island Ranch Road, Lake Placid, FL, USA
| | - Evan DeLucia
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John E Fauth
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Nuria Gomez-Casanovas
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Texas A&M University, Vernon, TX, USA
- Rangeland, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David G Jenkins
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Gene Lollis
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, 300 Buck Island Ranch Road, Lake Placid, FL, USA
| | - Ryan S Miller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, APHIS Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Grégory Sonnier
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, 300 Buck Island Ranch Road, Lake Placid, FL, USA
| | - Jed Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hilary M Swain
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, 300 Buck Island Ranch Road, Lake Placid, FL, USA
| | - Jiangxiao Qiu
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Ave, Davie, FL, USA.
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Castellanos-Gutiérrez A, Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Batis C, Willett W, Rivera JA. Toward a healthy and sustainable diet in Mexico: where are we and how can we move forward? Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1177-1184. [PMID: 33675350 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary recommendations worldwide have focused on promoting healthy diets to prevent diseases. In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission presented global scientific targets for healthy diets and sustainable food production and proposed a healthy reference diet (EAT-HRD) that can be adapted to the culture, geography, and demography of the population and individuals in any country. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe the daily energy intake from food groups and subgroups in Mexican adults relative to the EAT-HRD and propose an adaptation of the EAT-HRD to the Mexican context. METHODS We analyzed data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys in 2012 and 2016. Diet information was obtained using the 5-step multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall method. We estimated the mean energy intake from food groups and subgroups and compared these figures with the midpoint of the EAT-HRD and with the Mexican Dietary Guidelines (MDGs). We also proposed an adaptation of the EAT-HRD to the Mexican context based on the mean energy intake and the comparison between the MDGs and the EAT-HRD. RESULTS Mexican adults consume higher than the EAT-HRD for grains (mostly refined), dairy, added sugars, and animal-based proteins (particularly red meat, poultry, eggs, and processed meats); and lower than the EAT-HRD for vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, tubers and starchy vegetables, fish, and added fats. Based on these findings, we propose a healthy and sustainable reference diet adapted for the Mexican population. CONCLUSIONS Mexican adults have a diet that is far from being healthy and is not sustainable. The adaptation of the EAT-HRD to the Mexican context is a timely input for current government efforts to move to a sustainable and healthy food system, including the update of the current MDGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina Batis
- CONACYT-Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Walter Willett
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan A Rivera
- General Director, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Community and stakeholder engagement is increasingly recognized as essential to science at the nexus of food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) to address complex issues surrounding food and energy production and water provision for society. Yet no comprehensive framework exists for supporting best practices in community and stakeholder engagement for FEWS. A review and meta-synthesis were undertaken of a broad range of existing models, frameworks, and toolkits for community and stakeholder engagement. A framework is proposed that comprises situational awareness of the FEWS place or problem, creation of a suitable culture for engagement, focus on power-sharing in the engagement process, co-ownership, co-generation of knowledge and outcomes, the technical process of integration, the monitoring processes of reflective and reflexive experiences, and formative evaluation. The framework is discussed as a scaffolding for supporting the development and application of best practices in community and stakeholder engagement in ways that are arguably essential for sound FEWS science and sustainable management.
Collapse
|
5
|
Haan NL, Iuliano BG, Gratton C, Landis DA. Designing agricultural landscapes for arthropod-based ecosystem services in North America. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
6
|
Qiu J, Cardinale BJ. Scaling up biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships across space and over time. Ecology 2020; 101:e03166. [PMID: 32854134 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how to scale up effects of biological diversity on ecosystem functioning and services remains challenging. There is a general consensus that biodiversity loss alters ecosystem processes underpinning the goods and services upon which humanity depends. Yet most of that consensus stems from experiments performed at small spatial scales for short time frames, which limits transferability of conclusions to longer-term, landscape-scale conservation policies and management. Here we develop quantitative scaling relationships linking 374 experiments that tested plant diversity effects on biomass production across a range of scales. We show that biodiversity effects increase by factors of 1.68 and 1.10 for each 10-fold increase in experiment temporal and spatial scales, respectively. Contrary to prior studies, our analyses suggest that the time scale of experiments, rather than their spatial scale, is the primary source of variation in biodiversity effects. But consistent with earlier research, our analyses reveal that complementarity effects, rather than selection effects, drive the positive space-time interactions for plant diversity effects. Importantly, we also demonstrate complex space-time interactions and nonlinear responses that emphasize how simple extrapolations from small-scale experiments are likely to underestimate biodiversity effects in real-world ecosystems. Quantitative scaling relationships from this research are a crucial step towards bridging controlled experiments that identify biological mechanisms across a range of scales. Predictions from scaling relationships like these could then be compared with observations for fine-tuning the relationships and ultimately improving their capacities to predict consequences of biodiversity loss for ecosystem functioning and services over longer time frames across real-world landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxiao Qiu
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, Florida, 33314, USA
| | - Bradley J Cardinale
- Cooperative Institute of Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sundblad G, Bergström L, Söderqvist T, Bergström U. Predicting the effects of eutrophication mitigation on predatory fish biomass and the value of recreational fisheries. AMBIO 2020; 49:1090-1099. [PMID: 31598833 PMCID: PMC7067735 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving water clarity is a core objective for eutrophication management in the Baltic Sea, but may influence fisheries via effects on fish habitat suitability. We apply an ensemble of species distribution models coupled with habitat productivity functions and willingness-to-pay estimates to assess these effects for two coastal predatory fish species, European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). The models predicted a 37% increase in perch and 59% decrease in pikeperch biomass if reaching the reference level for water clarity in the Baltic Sea Action Plan. Reaching the target level was predicted to increase perch biomass by 13%. However, the associated economic gain for the recreational fisheries sector was countervailed by an 18% pikeperch reduction. Still, a net benefit was predicted since there are six times more fishing days for perch than pikeperch. We exemplify how ecological modelling can be combined with economic analyses to map and evaluate management alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Göran Sundblad
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Stångholmsvägen 2, 178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Bergström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Bergström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Synergies within the Water-Energy-Food Nexus to Support the Integrated Urban Resources Governance. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization poses great challenges to water-energy-food nexus (WEF-Nexus) system, calling for integrative resources governance to improve the synergies between subsystems that constitute the Nexus. This paper explores the synergies within the WEF-Nexus in Shenzhen city while using the synergetic model. We first identify the order parameters and their causal paths in three subsystems and set several eigenvectors under each parameter. Secondly, a synergetic model is developed to calculate the synergy degree among parameters, and the synergetic networks are then further constructed. Centrality analysis on the synergetic networks reveals that the centralities of food subsystem perform the highest level while the water subsystem at the lowest level. Finally, we put forward some policy implications for cross-sectoral resources governance by embedding the synergy degree into causal paths. The results show that the synergies of the Nexus system in Shenzhen can be maximized by stabilizing water supply, coordinating the energy imports and exports, and reducing the crops sown areas.
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of Landscape Pattern on Pollination, Pest Control, Water Quality, Flood Regulation, and Cultural Ecosystem Services: a Literature Review and Future Research Prospects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40823-019-00045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Ramirez-Reyes C, Brauman KA, Chaplin-Kramer R, Galford GL, Adamo SB, Anderson CB, Anderson C, Allington GRH, Bagstad KJ, Coe MT, Cord AF, Dee LE, Gould RK, Jain M, Kowal VA, Muller-Karger FE, Norriss J, Potapov P, Qiu J, Rieb JT, Robinson BE, Samberg LH, Singh N, Szeto SH, Voigt B, Watson K, Wright TM. Reimagining the potential of Earth observations for ecosystem service assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:1053-1063. [PMID: 30893737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The benefits nature provides to people, called ecosystem services, are increasingly recognized and accounted for in assessments of infrastructure development, agricultural management, conservation prioritization, and sustainable sourcing. These assessments are often limited by data, however, a gap with tremendous potential to be filled through Earth observations (EO), which produce a variety of data across spatial and temporal extents and resolutions. Despite widespread recognition of this potential, in practice few ecosystem service studies use EO. Here, we identify challenges and opportunities to using EO in ecosystem service modeling and assessment. Some challenges are technical, related to data awareness, processing, and access. These challenges require systematic investment in model platforms and data management. Other challenges are more conceptual but still systemic; they are byproducts of the structure of existing ecosystem service models and addressing them requires scientific investment in solutions and tools applicable to a wide range of models and approaches. We also highlight new ways in which EO can be leveraged for ecosystem service assessments, identifying promising new areas of research. More widespread use of EO for ecosystem service assessment will only be achieved if all of these types of challenges are addressed. This will require non-traditional funding and partnering opportunities from private and public agencies to promote data exploration, sharing, and archiving. Investing in this integration will be reflected in better and more accurate ecosystem service assessments worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramirez-Reyes
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, 325 Learning & Environmental Sciences, 1954 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Kate A Brauman
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, 325 Learning & Environmental Sciences, 1954 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University Woods Institute for the Environment, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Gillian L Galford
- Gund Institute for Environment and Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 617 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Susana B Adamo
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), The Earth Institute, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
| | | | - Clarissa Anderson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8880 Biological Grade, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Ginger R H Allington
- Department of Geography, The George Washington University, 2121 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Kenneth J Bagstad
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences & Environmental Change Science Center, P.O. Box 25046, DFC, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225, USA.
| | - Michael T Coe
- The Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA.
| | - Anna F Cord
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Laura E Dee
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 2003 Upper Buford Circle St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Rachelle K Gould
- Environmental Program and Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Meha Jain
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Virginia A Kowal
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University Woods Institute for the Environment, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Frank E Muller-Karger
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Jessica Norriss
- Upstream Tech, 2401 Monarch St # 23, Alameda, CA 94501, USA.
| | - Peter Potapov
- University of Maryland, 4321 Hartwick Road, Suite 400, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Jiangxiao Qiu
- University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Ave, Davie, FL 33314, USA.
| | - Jesse T Rieb
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Brian E Robinson
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada.
| | - Leah H Samberg
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, 325 Learning & Environmental Sciences, 1954 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Rainforest Alliance, 233 Broadway, New York, NY, 10279, USA.
| | - Nagendra Singh
- National Security Emerging Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6017, USA.
| | - Sabrina H Szeto
- Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Brian Voigt
- Gund Institute for Environment and Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 617 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Keri Watson
- Sewanee, University of the South, 735 University Avenue, Sewanee, TN 37383, USA.
| | - T Maxwell Wright
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bestelmeyer BT, Peters DPC, Archer SR, Browning DM, Okin GS, Schooley RL, Webb NP. The Grassland–Shrubland Regime Shift in the Southwestern United States: Misconceptions and Their Implications for Management. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Bestelmeyer
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range at New Mexico State University, in Las Cruces
| | - Debra P C Peters
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range at New Mexico State University, in Las Cruces
| | - Steven R Archer
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment at the University of Arizona, in Tucson
| | - Dawn M Browning
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range at New Mexico State University, in Las Cruces
| | - Gregory S Okin
- Department of Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Robert L Schooley
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences at the University of Illinois, in Urbana
| | - Nicholas P Webb
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range at New Mexico State University, in Las Cruces
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qiu J, Game ET, Tallis H, Olander LP, Glew L, Kagan JS, Kalies EL, Michanowicz D, Phelan J, Polasky S, Reed J, Sills EO, Urban D, Weaver SK. Evidence-Based Causal Chains for Linking Health, Development, and Conservation Actions. Bioscience 2018; 68:182-193. [PMID: 29988312 PMCID: PMC6019009 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainability challenges for nature and people are complex and interconnected, such that effective solutions require approaches and a common theory of change that bridge disparate disciplines and sectors. Causal chains offer promising approaches to achieving an integrated understanding of how actions affect ecosystems, the goods and services they provide, and ultimately, human well-being. Although causal chains and their variants are common tools across disciplines, their use remains highly inconsistent, limiting their ability to support and create a shared evidence base for joint actions. In this article, we present the foundational concepts and guidance of causal chains linking disciplines and sectors that do not often intersect to elucidate the effects of actions on ecosystems and society. We further discuss considerations for establishing and implementing causal chains, including nonlinearity, trade-offs and synergies, heterogeneity, scale, and confounding factors. Finally, we highlight the science, practice, and policy implications of causal chains to address real-world linked human-nature challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxiao Qiu
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation at the Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center at the University of Florida, in Davie, Florida
| | - Edward T Game
- The Nature Conservancy, in Arlington, Virginia
- University of Queensland, in Brisbane, Australia
| | - Heather Tallis
- The Nature Conservancy, in Arlington, Virginia
- University of California, in Santa Cruz, California
| | - Lydia P Olander
- Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University, in Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - James S Kagan
- Institute for Natural Resources at Oregon State University, in Corvallis
- Portland State University, in Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Drew Michanowicz
- Department of Environmental Health at Harvard University, in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Phelan
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program—Critical Loads of Atmospheric Deposition, at the University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, and Research Triangle Institute International, in North Carolina
| | - Stephen Polasky
- College of Biological Sciences and Department of Applied Economics at the University of Minnesota, in St. Paul
| | - James Reed
- Center for International Forestry Research, in Bogor, Indonesia, and with the Lancaster Environment Centre at the University of Lancaster, in the United Kingdom
| | - Erin O Sills
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources at North Carolina State University, in Raleigh
| | - Dean Urban
- Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University, in Durham, North Carolina
| | | |
Collapse
|