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Bouffet-Halle A, Mériguet J, Carmignac D, Agostini S, Millot A, Perret S, Motard E, Decenciere B, Edeline E. Density-dependent natural selection mediates harvest-induced trait changes. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:648-657. [PMID: 33511789 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid life-history changes caused by size-selective harvesting are often interpreted as a response to direct harvest selection against a large body size. However, similar trait changes may result from a harvest-induced relaxation of natural selection for a large body size via density-dependent selection. Here, we show evidence of such density-dependent selection favouring large-bodied individuals at high population densities, in replicated pond populations of medaka fish. Harvesting, in contrast, selected medaka directly against a large body size and, in parallel, decreased medaka population densities. Five years of harvesting were enough for harvested and unharvested medaka populations to inherit the classically predicted trait differences, whereby harvested medaka grew slower and matured earlier than unharvested medaka. We show that this life-history divergence was not driven by direct harvest selection for a smaller body size in harvested populations, but by density-dependent natural selection for a larger body size in unharvested populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Bouffet-Halle
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, UPEC, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, F-75252, France
| | - Jacques Mériguet
- CEREEP Ecotron Île-de-France, UMS CNRS/ENS 3194, 78 rue du Château, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, 77140, France.,Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France
| | - David Carmignac
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, UPEC, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, F-75252, France
| | - Simon Agostini
- CEREEP Ecotron Île-de-France, UMS CNRS/ENS 3194, 78 rue du Château, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, 77140, France
| | - Alexis Millot
- CEREEP Ecotron Île-de-France, UMS CNRS/ENS 3194, 78 rue du Château, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, 77140, France
| | - Samuel Perret
- CEREEP Ecotron Île-de-France, UMS CNRS/ENS 3194, 78 rue du Château, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, 77140, France.,Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE, UMR 5175, Campus CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Eric Motard
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, UPEC, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, F-75252, France
| | - Beatriz Decenciere
- CEREEP Ecotron Île-de-France, UMS CNRS/ENS 3194, 78 rue du Château, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, 77140, France
| | - Eric Edeline
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, UPEC, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, F-75252, France.,ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
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Pietrzak B, Rabus M, Religa M, Laforsch C, Dańko MJ. Phenotypic plasticity of senescence in Daphnia under predation impact: no ageing acceleration when the perceived risk decreases with age. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191382. [PMID: 32257312 PMCID: PMC7062089 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recognising the nature of the predation risk, and responding to it accurately, is crucial to fitness. Yet, even the most accurate adaptive responses to predation risk usually entail costs, both immediate and lifelong. Rooting in life-history theory, we hypothesize that an animal can perceive the nuances of prey size and age selectivity by the predator and modulate its life history accordingly. We test the prediction that-contrary to the faster or earlier senescence under predation risk that increases with prey size and age-under predation risk that decreases with prey size and age either no senescence acceleration or even its deceleration is to be observed. We use two species of indeterminate growers, small crustaceans of the genus Daphnia, Daphnia Pulex and Daphnia magna, as the model prey, and their respective gape-limited invertebrate predators, a dipteran, midge larva Chaoborus flavicans, and a notostracan, tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis. We analyse age-specific survival, mortality and fertility rates, and find no senescence acceleration, as predicted. With this study, we complete the picture of the expected non-consumptive phenotypic effects of perceived predation pressure of different age-dependence patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pietrzak
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Max Rabus
- Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maciej Religa
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maciej J Dańko
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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