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Chandrasekaran U, Park S, Kim K, Byeon S, Han AR, Lee YS, Oh NH, Chung H, Choe H, Kim HS. Energy deprivation affects nitrogen assimilation and fatty acid biosynthesis leading to leaf chlorosis under waterlogging stress in the endangered Abies koreana. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae055. [PMID: 38775218 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Energy deprivation triggers various physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants under abiotic stress. We investigated the oxidative damages in the high altitude grown conifer Korean fir (Abies koreana) exposed to waterlogging stress. Our experimental results showed that waterlogging stress led to leaf chlorosis, 35 days after treatment. A significant decrease in leaf fresh weight, chlorophyll and sugar content supported this phenotypic change. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in leaf proline, lipid peroxidase and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical content of waterlogged plants. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we conducted RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and de novo assembly. Using RNA-seq analysis approach and filtering (P < 0.05 and false discovery rate <0.001), we obtained 134 unigenes upregulated and 574 unigenes downregulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis placed the obtained differentially expressed unigenes in α-linoleic pathway, fatty acid degradation, glycosis, glycolipid metabolism and oligosaccharide biosynthesis process. Mapping of unigenes with Arabidopsis using basic local alignment search tool for nucleotides showed several critical genes in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism downregulated. Following this, we found the repression of multiple nitrogen (N) assimilation and nucleotide biosynthesis genes including purine metabolism. In addition, waterlogging stress reduced the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a concomitant increase only in myristic acid. Together, our results indicate that the prolonged snowmelt may cause inability of A. koreana seedlings to lead the photosynthesis normally due to the lack of root intercellular oxygen and emphasizes a detrimental effect on the N metabolic pathway, compromising this endangered tree's ability to be fully functional under waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umashankar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Byeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Han
- Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Seocheon-gun 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Lee
- Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Seocheon-gun 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Neung-Hwan Oh
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Planning Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Haegeun Chung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Choe
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zhai L, Will RE, Zhang B. Structural diversity is better associated with forest productivity than species or functional diversity. Ecology 2024; 105:e4269. [PMID: 38361215 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and productivity can be advanced by improving metrics used to quantify biodiversity. Structural diversity, that is, variation of size and form of plant organs, is an emerging biodiversity metric. However, compared with the other biodiversity metrics, its relative importance in specific components of forest productivity, for example, recruitment of new individuals, biomass net change after accounting for mortality, is largely unknown, particularly across a large spatial scale with multiple influential gradients. To address the knowledge gap, we used USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data across the southcentral USA from 2008 to 2017. We calculated forest biomass increments due to recruitment and growth and net change in biomass. Then, we quantified the effects of a range of abiotic and biotic variables on the biomass increments and net change. Our results showed that (1) Structural diversity was negatively associated with the two biomass increments and net change in biomass. The negative effects were supported by increased occurrences of insects and diseases with greater structural diversity. (2) Compared with species and functional diversity, structural diversity showed a better association with biomass increments and net change, suggested by its larger absolute values of standardized coefficients, and the effects of structural diversity were negative in contrast to species diversity. (3) The effects of structural diversity, stand age, and elevation differed between natural and planted forests that may stem from the differences in stand development and species composition between the two forest types. Together, structural diversity may represent an important dimension of biodiversity impacts on plant productivity, which could be related to the exacerbated disturbances with greater structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhai
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rodney E Will
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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Animal-mediated plant niche tracking in a changing climate. Trends Ecol Evol 2023:S0169-5347(23)00034-4. [PMID: 36932024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Over half of plant species are animal-dispersed, and our understanding of how animals can help plants move in response to climate change - a process known as niche tracking - is limited, but advancing rapidly. Recent research efforts find evidence that animals are helping plants track their niches. They also identify key conditions needed for animal-mediated niche tracking to occur, including alignment of the timing of seed availability, the directionality of animal movements, and microhabitat conditions where seeds are deposited. A research framework that measures niche tracking effectiveness by considering all parts of the niche-tracking process, and links together data and models from multiple disciplines, will lead to further insight and inform actions to help ecosystems adapt to a changing world.
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