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Brusseau AJP, Feyten LEA, Crane AL, Brown GE. Exploring the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on predator inspection activity in Trinidadian guppies. Curr Zool 2024; 70:109-111. [PMID: 38476138 PMCID: PMC10926258 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alix J P Brusseau
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Adam L Crane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Grant E Brown
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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2
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Heckley AM, Pearce AE, Gotanda KM, Hendry AP, Oke KB. Compiling forty years of guppy research to investigate the factors contributing to (non)parallel evolution. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1414-1431. [PMID: 36098479 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Examples of parallel evolution have been crucial for our understanding of adaptation via natural selection. However, strong parallelism is not always observed even in seemingly similar environments where natural selection is expected to favour similar phenotypes. Leveraging this variation in parallelism within well-researched study systems can provide insight into the factors that contribute to variation in adaptive responses. Here we analyse the results of 36 studies reporting 446 average trait values in Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from different predation regimes. We examine how the extent of predator-driven phenotypic parallelism is influenced by six factors: sex, trait type, rearing environment, ecological complexity, evolutionary history, and time since colonization. Analyses show that parallel evolution in guppies is highly variable and weak on average, with only 24.7% of the variation among populations being explained by predation regime. Levels of parallelism appeared to be especially weak for colour traits, and parallelism decreased with increasing complexity of evolutionary history (i.e., when estimates of parallelism from populations within a single drainage were compared to estimates of parallelism from populations pooled between two major drainages). Suggestive - but not significant - trends that warrant further research include interactions between the sexes and different trait categories. Quantifying and accounting for these and other sources of variation among evolutionary 'replicates' can be leveraged to better understand the extent to which seemingly similar environments drive parallel and nonparallel aspects of phenotypic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Heckley
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Allegra E Pearce
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Biology, Université Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Krista B Oke
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
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3
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Fontrodona-Eslava A, Deacon AE, Ramnarine IW, Magurran AE. Numerical abundance and biomass reveal different temporal trends of functional diversity change in tropical fish assemblages. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1079-1086. [PMID: 34080198 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the biodiversity of freshwater fish assemblages changes over time is an important challenge. Until recently most emphasis has been on taxonomic diversity, but it is now clear that measures of functional diversity (FD) can shed new light on the mechanisms that underpin this temporal change. Fish biologists use different currencies, such as numerical abundance and biomass, to measure the abundance of fish species. Nonetheless, because they are not necessarily equivalent, these alternative currencies have the potential to reveal different insights into trends of FD in natural assemblages. In this study, the authors asked how conclusions about temporal trends in FD are influenced by the way in which the abundance of species has been quantified. To do this, the authors computed two informative metrics, for each currency, for 16 freshwater fish assemblages in Trinidad's Northern Range that had been surveyed repeatedly over 5 years. The authors found that numerical abundance and biomass uncover different directional trends in these assemblages for each facet of FD, and as such inform hypotheses about the ways in which these systems are being restructured. On the basis of these results, the authors concluded that a combined approach, in which both currencies are used, contributes to our understanding of the ecological processes that are involved in biodiversity change in freshwater fish assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Fontrodona-Eslava
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Amy E Deacon
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Indar W Ramnarine
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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4
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Magurran AE, Deacon AE, Moyes F, Shimadzu H, Dornelas M, Phillip DAT, Ramnarine IW. Divergent biodiversity change within ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1843-1847. [PMID: 29440416 PMCID: PMC5828582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712594115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Earth's ecosystems are under unprecedented pressure, yet the nature of contemporary biodiversity change is not well understood. Growing evidence that community size is regulated highlights the need for improved understanding of community dynamics. As stability in community size could be underpinned by marked temporal turnover, a key question is the extent to which changes in both biodiversity dimensions (temporal α- and temporal β-diversity) covary within and among the assemblages that comprise natural communities. Here, we draw on a multiassemblage dataset (encompassing vertebrates, invertebrates, and unicellular plants) from a tropical freshwater ecosystem and employ a cyclic shift randomization to assess whether any directional change in temporal α-diversity and temporal β-diversity exceeds baseline levels. In the majority of cases, α-diversity remains stable over the 5-y time frame of our analysis, with little evidence for systematic change at the community level. In contrast, temporal β-diversity changes are more prevalent, and the two diversity dimensions are decoupled at both the within- and among-assemblage level. Consequently, a pressing research challenge is to establish how turnover supports regulation and when elevated temporal β-diversity jeopardizes community integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom;
| | - Amy E Deacon
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hideyasu Shimadzu
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn A T Phillip
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Indar W Ramnarine
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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5
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Kotrschal A, Deacon AE, Magurran AE, Kolm N. Predation pressure shapes brain anatomy in the wild. Evol Ecol 2017; 31:619-633. [PMID: 32009719 PMCID: PMC6961500 DOI: 10.1007/s10682-017-9901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is remarkable diversity in brain anatomy among vertebrates and evidence is accumulating that predatory interactions are crucially important for this diversity. To test this hypothesis, we collected female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) from 16 wild populations and related their brain anatomy to several aspects of predation pressure in this ecosystem, such as the biomass of the four major predators of guppies (one prawn and three fish species), and predator diversity (number of predatory fish species in each site). We found that populations from localities with higher prawn biomass had relatively larger telencephalon size as well as larger brains. Optic tectum size was positively associated with one of the fish predator’s biomass and with overall predator diversity. However, both olfactory bulb and hypothalamus size were negatively associated with the biomass of another of the fish predators. Hence, while fish predator occurrence is associated with variation in brain anatomy, prawn occurrence is associated with variation in brain size. Our results suggest that cognitive challenges posed by local differences in predator communities may lead to changes in prey brain anatomy in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kotrschal
- 1Department of Ethology/Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arheniusväg 18B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy E Deacon
- 2Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anne E Magurran
- 3School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Niclas Kolm
- 1Department of Ethology/Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arheniusväg 18B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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