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Smith D, O'Brien D, Hall J, Sergeant C, Brookes LM, Harrison XA, Garner TWJ, Jehle R. Challenging a host-pathogen paradigm: Susceptibility to chytridiomycosis is decoupled from genetic erosion. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:589-598. [PMID: 35167143 PMCID: PMC9306973 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The putatively positive association between host genetic diversity and the ability to defend against pathogens has long attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists. Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has emerged in recent decades as a cause of dramatic declines and extinctions across the amphibian clade. Bd susceptibility can vary widely across populations of the same species, but the relationship between standing genetic diversity and susceptibility has remained notably underexplored so far. Here, we focus on a putatively Bd‐naive system of two mainland and two island populations of the common toad (Bufo bufo) at the edge of the species’ range and use controlled infection experiments and dd‐RAD sequencing of >10 000 SNPs across 95 individuals to characterize the role of host population identity, genetic variation and individual body mass in mediating host response to the pathogen. We found strong genetic differentiation between populations and marked variation in their susceptibility to Bd. This variation was not, however, governed by isolation‐mediated genetic erosion, and individual heterozygosity was even found to be negatively correlated with survival. Individual survival during infection experiments was strongly positively related to body mass, which itself was unrelated to population of origin or heterozygosity. Our findings underscore the general importance of context‐dependency when assessing the role of host genetic variation for the ability of defence against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal Smith
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, M5 4WT, Salford, UK.,Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - David O'Brien
- Highland Amphibian and Reptile Project, Woodlands, Brae of Kinkell, Dingwall, IV7 8HZ, UK
| | - Jeanette Hall
- Highland Amphibian and Reptile Project, Woodlands, Brae of Kinkell, Dingwall, IV7 8HZ, UK
| | - Chris Sergeant
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Lola M Brookes
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.,MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College School of Public Health, Floor 11, Sir Michael Uren Building, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Xavier A Harrison
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Trenton W J Garner
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Robert Jehle
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, M5 4WT, Salford, UK
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Arntzen JW. An amphibian species pushed out of Britain by a moving hybrid zone. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:5145-5154. [PMID: 31643124 PMCID: PMC6900066 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Classical theory states that hybrid zones will be stable in troughs of low population density where dispersal is hampered. Yet, evidence for moving hybrid zones is mounting. One possible reason that moving zones have been underappreciated is that they may drive themselves into oblivion and with just the superseding species remaining, morphological and genetic signals of past species replacement may be difficult to appreciate. Using genetic data (32 diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms) from a clinal hybrid zone of the common toad (Bufo bufo) and the spined toad (Bufo spinosus) in France for comparison, alleles of the latter species were documented in common toads in the south of Great Britain, at frequencies in excess of 10%. Because long distance dispersal across the Channel is unlikely, the conclusion reached was that the continental toad hybrid zone which previously extended into Britain, moved southwards and extirpated B. spinosus. Species distribution models for the mid-Holocene and the present support that climate has locally changed in favour of B. bufo. The system bears resemblance with the demise of Homo neanderthalensis and the rise of Homo sapiens and provides an example that some paleoanthropologists demanded in support of a hominin "leaky replacement" scenario. The toad example is informative just because surviving pure B. spinosus and an extant slowly moving interspecific hybrid zone are available for comparison.
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3
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Linking effective population size dynamics to phenotypic traits in the common toad (Bufo bufo). CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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4
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Buono V, Galliani G, Mancini E, Davoli F, Mengoni C, Mucci N, Vignoli L. An improved microsatellite panel to assess genetic variability of the Italian smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris meridionalis). J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Buono V, Galliani G, Mancini E, Davoli F, Mengoni C, Mucci N, Vignoli L. An improved microsatellite panel to assess genetic variability of the Italian smooth newt ( Lissotriton vulgaris meridionalis). J Genet 2018; 97:569-573. [PMID: 29932078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are threatening amphibians by increasing population isolation. However, artificial waterbodies created for livestockmay contrast this phenomenon by providing surrogate habitats for amphibians. Here, we performed a genetic study on an amphibian species, Lissotriton vulgaris meridionalis, in a rural area in central Italy where natural wetlands are disappearing and drinking troughs for cattle watering are widespread. Specifically, we tested a panel of microsatellite markers to identify a suitable tool for addressing conservation genetic issues of this species that is undergoing severe local decline. Twelve of the 20 tested loci produced reliable amplifications and were polymorphic. Three distinct units with a low level of gene flow were distinguished and the population genetic structuring overlapped with geographic distribution. Such loci will be useful to assess the genetic diversity of the species across multiscale levels for its management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Pan T, Yan P, Yang M, Wang H, Ali I, Ayub M, Zhang JH, Wang JJ, Li E, Xue H, Zhang BW, Wu XB. Genetic differentiation of regional populations of the widespread Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans), as revealed by development of novel microsatellite markers. AUST J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/zo18059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key component of a species’ life history, by influencing population persistence, genetic structure, adaptation and maintenance of genetic diversity. The Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) is a widespread species in east Asia. However, we still have no knowledge of what kind of geographical scale equates to genetic differentiation within B. gargarizans. In this study, the population genetics of B. gargarizans was studied at five localities, with the Yangtze River running through the sampling area, in order to detect the level of genetic differentiation and the natural barriers to the species’ dispersal on a small geographic scale, by means of the development and use of novel microsatellite loci. These markers revealed a relatively high level of genetic diversity. Distinct genetic structure among populations in B. gargarizans was observed, as described by genetic distance, AMOVA, PCA and Geneland results. A weak but significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. The combination of these findings suggests that the Yangtze River and geographic distance may act as effective barriers for B. gargarizans. These results serve as benchmark data for understanding the impacts of dispersal barriers and continued landscape research on B. gargarizans.
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Robertson JM, Fitzpatrick SW, Rothermel BB, Chan LM. Fire Does Not Strongly Affect Genetic Diversity or Structure of a Common Treefrog in the Endangered Florida Scrub. J Hered 2017; 109:243-252. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Robertson
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA
| | - Sarah W Fitzpatrick
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI
| | | | - Lauren M Chan
- Department of Biology, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR
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da Silva JM, Tolley KA. Conservation genetics of an endemic and threatened amphibian (Capensibufo rosei): a leap towards establishing a genetic monitoring framework. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-1008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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da Silva JM, Feldheim KA, Measey GJ, Doucette-Riise S, Daniels RJ, Chauke LF, Tolley KA. Genetic diversity and differentiation of the Western Leopard Toad (Sclerophrys pantherina) based on mitochondrial and microsatellite markers. AFR J HERPETOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2017.1294115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. da Silva
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Botany & Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kevin A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - G. John Measey
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Natural Sciences Building, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Stephen Doucette-Riise
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 770, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ryan J. Daniels
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lucas F. Chauke
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Krystal A. Tolley
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Botany & Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Lourenço A, Álvarez D, Wang IJ, Velo-Antón G. Trapped within the city: integrating demography, time since isolation and population-specific traits to assess the genetic effects of urbanization. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1498-1514. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Lourenço
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Rua Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - David Álvarez
- Ecology Unit; Department of Organisms and Systems Biology; University of Oviedo; C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Ian J. Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; 130 Mulford Hall #3114 Berkeley CA 94705 USA
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
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11
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da Silva JM, Feldheim KA, Daniels RJ, Edwards S, Tolley KA. Analysis of genetic diversity in Rose’s mountain toadlet (Capensibufo rosei) using novel microsatellite markers. AFR J HERPETOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2016.1234511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. da Silva
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Kevin A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan J. Daniels
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, South Africa
| | - Shelley Edwards
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Krystal A. Tolley
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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