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Gosselin JL, Buhle ER, Van Holmes C, Beer WN, Iltis S, Anderson JJ. Role of carryover effects in conservation of wild Pacific salmon migrating regulated rivers. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Gosselin
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
| | - Eric R. Buhle
- Biomark Applied Biological Services Boise Idaho 83702 USA
| | - Christopher Van Holmes
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
| | - W. Nicholas Beer
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
| | - Susannah Iltis
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
| | - James J. Anderson
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
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Feddern ML, Holtgrieve GW, Ward EJ. Stable isotope signatures in historic harbor seal bone link food web-assimilated carbon and nitrogen resources to a century of environmental change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2328-2342. [PMID: 33749968 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change will impact nutrient cycles, primary production, and ecosystem structure in the world's oceans, although considerable uncertainty exists regarding the magnitude and spatial variability of these changes. Understanding how regional-scale ocean conditions control nutrient availability and ultimately nutrient assimilation into food webs will inform how marine resources will change in response to climate. To evaluate how ocean conditions influence the assimilation of nitrogen and carbon into coastal marine food webs, we applied a novel dimension reduction analysis to a century of newly acquired molecular isotope data derived from historic harbor seal bone specimens. By measuring bulk δ13 C and δ15 N values of source amino acids of these top predators from 1928 to 2014, we derive indices of primary production and nitrogen resources that are assimilated into food webs. We determined coastal food webs responded to climate regimes, coastal upwelling, and freshwater discharge, yet the strength of responses to individual drivers varied across the northeast Pacific. Indices of primary production and nitrogen availability in the Gulf of Alaska were dependent on regional climate indices (i.e., North Pacific Gyre Oscillation) and upwelling. In contrast, the coastal Washington and Salish Sea food webs were associated with local indices of freshwater discharge. For some regions (eastern Bering Sea, northern Gulf of Alaska) food web-assimilated production was coupled with nitrogen sources; however, other regions demonstrated no production-nitrogen coupling (Salish Sea). Temporal patterns of environmental indices and isotopic data from Washington state varied about the long-term mean with no directional trend. Data from the Gulf of Alaska, however, showed below average harbor seal δ13 C values and above average ocean conditions since 1975, indicating a change in primary production in recent decades. Altogether, these findings demonstrate stable isotope data can provide useful indices of nitrogen resources and phytoplankton dynamics specific to what is assimilated by food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Feddern
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gordon W Holtgrieve
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric J Ward
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA, USA
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Crozier LG, Burke BJ, Chasco BE, Widener DL, Zabel RW. Climate change threatens Chinook salmon throughout their life cycle. Commun Biol 2021; 4:222. [PMID: 33603119 PMCID: PMC7892847 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread declines in Atlantic and Pacific salmon (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus spp.) have tracked recent climate changes, but managers still lack quantitative projections of the viability of any individual population in response to future climate change. To address this gap, we assembled a vast database of survival and other data for eight wild populations of threatened Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). For each population, we evaluated climate impacts at all life stages and modeled future trajectories forced by global climate model projections. Populations rapidly declined in response to increasing sea surface temperatures and other factors across diverse model assumptions and climate scenarios. Strong density dependence limited the number of salmon that survived early life stages, suggesting a potentially efficacious target for conservation effort. Other solutions require a better understanding of the factors that limit survival at sea. We conclude that dramatic increases in smolt survival are needed to overcome the negative impacts of climate change for this threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Crozier
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Brian J Burke
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brandon E Chasco
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel L Widener
- Ocean Associates, Inc. Under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard W Zabel
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
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An Object-Based Approach for Mapping Tundra Ice-Wedge Polygon Troughs from Very High Spatial Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Very high spatial resolution commercial satellite imagery can inform observation, mapping, and documentation of micro-topographic transitions across large tundra regions. The bridging of fine-scale field studies with pan-Arctic system assessments has until now been constrained by a lack of overlap in spatial resolution and geographical coverage. This likely introduced biases in climate impacts on, and feedback from the Arctic region to the global climate system. The central objective of this exploratory study is to develop an object-based image analysis workflow to automatically extract ice-wedge polygon troughs from very high spatial resolution commercial satellite imagery. We employed a systematic experiment to understand the degree of interoperability of knowledge-based workflows across distinct tundra vegetation units—sedge tundra and tussock tundra—focusing on the same semantic class. In our multi-scale trough modelling workflow, we coupled mathematical morphological filtering with a segmentation process to enhance the quality of image object candidates and classification accuracies. Employment of the master ruleset on sedge tundra reported classification accuracies of correctness of 0.99, completeness of 0.87, and F1 score of 0.92. When the master ruleset was applied to tussock tundra without any adaptations, classification accuracies remained promising while reporting correctness of 0.87, completeness of 0.77, and an F1 score of 0.81. Overall, results suggest that the object-based image analysis-based trough modelling workflow exhibits substantial interoperability across the terrain while producing promising classification accuracies. From an Arctic earth science perspective, the mapped troughs combined with the ArcticDEM can allow hydrological assessments of lateral connectivity of the rapidly changing Arctic tundra landscape, and repeated mapping can allow us to track fine-scale changes across large regions and that has potentially major implications on larger riverine systems.
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Barber JS, Ruff CP, McArdle JT, Hunter LL, Speck CA, Rogers DW, Greiner CM. Intertidal clams exhibit population synchrony across spatial and temporal scales. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2019; 64:S284-S300. [PMID: 31007281 PMCID: PMC6472620 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term datasets can be particularly useful for parsing out factors influencing populations, yet few studies have utilized continuous datasets to quantify population dynamics in bivalve molluscs. We used dynamic factor analysis on a clam biomass dataset spanning 28 yr and five distinct regions in the southern Salish Sea to determine (1) if native intertidal clam populations exhibit synchrony and (2) what environmental covariates may be correlated with these population trends. Once covariates were accounted for, the model with the most data support included three predominant trends to describe multidecadal change in clam biomass. Intraspecific synchrony was highest among Saxidomus gigantea and Leukoma staminea populations, with no clear evidence of covariance in Clinocardium nuttallii. Specifically, we quantified a pronounced decadal decline in L. staminea and an increase in S. gigantea biomass on most beaches. No beaches showed synchrony in trends across all three species, indicating that species-specific trends (regardless of location) were more common than beach-specific trends (regardless of species). Seven environmental covariates were evaluated in their capacity to explain variability in annual mean biomass. Of these, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation lagged 4 yr prior to the observation year was most supported by the data in the best fitting model, implying that 4 yr old clam biomass is partially determined by oceanographic processes affecting larval clams. Although results suggest large-scale density-independent factors play a role in venerid clam population dynamics, it is also likely local factors account for variability not explained by our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S. Barber
- Fisheries DepartmentSwinomish Indian Tribal CommunityLa ConnerWashington
| | | | - James T. McArdle
- Fisheries DepartmentSwinomish Indian Tribal CommunityLa ConnerWashington
| | - Lindy L. Hunter
- Fisheries DepartmentSwinomish Indian Tribal CommunityLa ConnerWashington
| | - Camille A. Speck
- Washington Department of Fish and WildlifePort TownsendWashington
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Casero D, Gill K, Sridharan V, Koturbash I, Nelson G, Hauer-Jensen M, Boerma M, Braun J, Cheema AK. Space-type radiation induces multimodal responses in the mouse gut microbiome and metabolome. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:105. [PMID: 28821301 PMCID: PMC5563039 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Space travel is associated with continuous low dose rate exposure to high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Pathophysiological manifestations after low dose radiation exposure are strongly influenced by non-cytocidal radiation effects, including changes in the microbiome and host gene expression. Although the importance of the gut microbiome in the maintenance of human health is well established, little is known about the role of radiation in altering the microbiome during deep-space travel. RESULTS Using a mouse model for exposure to high LET radiation, we observed substantial changes in the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiome. These were accompanied by changes in the abundance of multiple metabolites, which were related to the enzymatic activity of the predicted metagenome by means of metabolic network modeling. There was a complex dynamic in microbial and metabolic composition at different radiation doses, suggestive of transient, dose-dependent interactions between microbial ecology and signals from the host's cellular damage repair processes. The observed radiation-induced changes in microbiota diversity and composition were analyzed at the functional level. A constitutive change in activity was found for several pathways dominated by microbiome-specific enzymatic reactions like carbohydrate digestion and absorption and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, while the activity in other radiation-responsive pathways like phosphatidylinositol signaling could be linked to dose-dependent changes in the abundance of specific taxa. CONCLUSIONS The implication of microbiome-mediated pathophysiology after low dose ionizing radiation may be an unappreciated biologic hazard of space travel and deserves experimental validation. This study provides a conceptual and analytical basis of further investigations to increase our understanding of the chronic effects of space radiation on human health, and points to potential new targets for intervention in adverse radiation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Casero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kirandeep Gill
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Gregory Nelson
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
- GCD-7N Pre-Clinical Science Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
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