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Solmundson K, Bowman J, Manseau M, Taylor RS, Keobouasone S, Wilson PJ. Genomic population structure and inbreeding history of Lake Superior caribou. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10278. [PMID: 37424935 PMCID: PMC10326607 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) have experienced dramatic declines in both range and population size across Canada over the past century. Boreal caribou (R. t. caribou), 1 of the 12 Designatable Units, has lost approximately half of its historic range in the last 150 years, particularly along the southern edge of its distribution. Despite this overall northward contraction, some populations have persisted at the trailing range edge, over 150 km south of the continuous boreal caribou range in Ontario, along the coast and nearshore islands of Lake Superior. The population history of caribou along Lake Superior remains unclear. It appears that these caribou likely represent a remnant distribution at the trailing edge of the receding population of boreal caribou, but they may also exhibit local adaptation to the coastal environment. A better understanding of the population structure and history of caribou along Lake Superior is important for their conservation and management. Here, we use high-coverage whole genomes (N = 20) from boreal, eastern migratory, and barren-ground caribou sampled in Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec to investigate population structure and inbreeding histories. We discovered that caribou from the Lake Superior range form a distinct group but also found some evidence of gene flow with the continuous boreal caribou range. Notably, caribou along Lake Superior demonstrated relatively high levels of inbreeding (measured as runs of homozygosity; ROH) and genetic drift, which may contribute to the differentiation observed between ranges. Despite inbreeding, caribou along Lake Superior retained high heterozygosity, particularly in genomic regions without ROH. These results suggest that they present distinct genomic characteristics but also some level of gene flow with the continuous range. Our study provides key insights into the genomics of the southernmost range of caribou in Ontario, beginning to unravel the evolutionary history of these small, isolated caribou populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Solmundson
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Micheline Manseau
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Landscape Science and Technology DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Rebecca S. Taylor
- Landscape Science and Technology DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Sonesinh Keobouasone
- Landscape Science and Technology DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Paul J. Wilson
- Biology DepartmentTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
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Alvarez-Aleman A, Hunter ME, Frazer TK, Powell JA, Alfonso EG, Austin JD. The first assessment of the genetic diversity and structure of the endangered West Indian manatee in Cuba. Genetica 2022; 150:327-341. [PMID: 36271978 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-022-00172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The coastal waters of Cuba are home to a small, endangered population of West Indian manatee, which would benefit from a comprehensive characterization of the population's genetic variation. We conducted the first genetic assessment of Cuban manatees to determine the extent of the population's genetic structure and characterize the neutral genetic diversity among regions within the archipelago. We genotyped 49 manatees at 18 microsatellite loci, a subset of 27 samples on 1703 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and sequenced 59 manatees at the mitochondrial control region. The Cuba manatee population had low nuclear (microsatellites HE = 0.44, and SNP HE = 0.29) and mitochondrial genetic diversity (h = 0.068 and π = 0.00025), and displayed moderate departures from random mating (microsatellite FIS = 0.12, SNP FIS = 0.10). Our results suggest that the western portion of the archipelago undergoes periodic exchange of alleles based on the evidence of shared ancestry and low but significant differentiation. The southeast Guantanamo Bay region and the western portion of the archipelago were more differentiated than southwest and northwest manatees. The genetic distinctiveness observed in the southeast supports its recognition as a demographically independent unit for natural resource management regardless of whether it is due to historical isolation or isolation by distance. Estimates of the regional effective population sizes, with the microsatellite and SNP datasets, were small (all Ne < 60). Subsequent analyses using additional samples could better examine how the observed structure is masking simple isolation by distance patterns or whether ecological or biogeographic forces shape genetic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmari Alvarez-Aleman
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, 2035 McCarty hall D, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16 # 114 Entre 1ra y 3ra Plaza, Havana, Cuba. .,Clearwater Marine Aquarium Research Institute, Clearwater Marine Aquarium, Clearwater, FL, USA.
| | - Margaret E Hunter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 7920 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Thomas K Frazer
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, 2035 McCarty hall D, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 Seventh Avenue South, KRC 3109, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - James A Powell
- Clearwater Marine Aquarium Research Institute, Clearwater Marine Aquarium, Clearwater, FL, USA
| | - Eddy Garcia Alfonso
- Refugio de Fauna Lanzanillo-Pajonal-Fragoso, Empresa Provincial para la Protección de la Flora y la Fauna, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - James D Austin
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, 2035 McCarty hall D, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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3
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Wiens BJ, Combe FJ, Dickerson B, Divine LM, Padula VM, Sage GK, Talbot SL, Hope AG. Genetic drift drives rapid speciation of an Arctic insular endemic shrew (Sorex pribilofensis). Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5231-5248. [PMID: 35972323 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Episodes of Quaternary environmental change shaped the genomes of extant species, influencing their response to contemporary environments, which are changing rapidly. Island endemics are among the most vulnerable to such change, accounting for a disproportionate number of recent extinctions. To prevent extinctions and conserve island biodiversity it is vital to combine knowledge of species' ecologies with their complex evolutionary histories. The Bering Sea has a history of cyclical island isolation and reconnection, coupled with modern rates of climate change that exceed global averages. The endangered Pribilof Island shrew (Sorex pribilofensis) is endemic to St. Paul Island, Alaska, which was isolated from mainland Beringia ~14,000 years ago by rising sea levels. Using ~11,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms, 17 microsatellites and mitochondrial sequence data, we test predictions about the evolutionary processes driving shrew speciation across Beringia. Our data show considerable differentiation of S. pribilofensis from mainland sibling species, relative to levels of divergence between mainland shrews. We also find a genome-wide loss of diversity and extremely low Ne for S. pribilofensis. We then show that intraspecific genetic diversity is significantly related to interspecific divergence, and that differentiation between S. pribilofensis and other Beringian shrews is highest across loci that are fixed in S. pribilofensis, indicating that strong drift has driven differentiation of this island species. Our findings show that drift as a consequence of Arctic climate cycling can rapidly reshape insular biodiversity. Arctic island species that lack genomic diversity and have evolved in response to past climate may have limited ability to respond to modern environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Wiens
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Fraser J Combe
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Divine
- Aleut Community of St. Paul Island, Ecosystem Conservation Office, St. Paul, Alaska, USA
| | - Veronica M Padula
- Aleut Community of St. Paul Island, Ecosystem Conservation Office, St. Paul, Alaska, USA
| | - George K Sage
- Far Northwestern Institute of Art and Science, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Sandra L Talbot
- Far Northwestern Institute of Art and Science, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Andrew G Hope
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Leal BSS, Chaves CJN, Graciano VA, Boury C, Huacre LAP, Heuertz M, Palma-Silva C. Evidence of local adaptation despite strong drift in a Neotropical patchily distributed bromeliad. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:203-218. [PMID: 33953353 PMCID: PMC8322333 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Both genetic drift and divergent selection are predicted to be drivers of population differentiation across patchy habitats, but the extent to which these forces act on natural populations to shape traits is strongly affected by species' ecological features. In this study, we infer the genomic structure of Pitcairnia lanuginosa, a widespread herbaceous perennial plant with a patchy distribution. We sampled populations in the Brazilian Cerrado and the Central Andean Yungas and discovered and genotyped SNP markers using double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. In addition, we analyzed ecophysiological traits obtained from a common garden experiment and compared patterns of phenotypic and genetic divergence (PST-FST comparisons) in a subset of populations from the Cerrado. Our results from molecular analyses pointed to extremely low genetic diversity and a remarkable population differentiation, supporting a major role of genetic drift. Approximately 0.3% of genotyped SNPs were flagged as differentiation outliers by at least two distinct methods, and Bayesian generalized linear mixed models revealed a signature of isolation by environment in addition to isolation by distance for high-differentiation outlier SNPs among the Cerrado populations. PST-FST comparisons suggested divergent selection on two ecophysiological traits linked to drought tolerance. We showed that these traits vary among populations, although without any particular macro-spatial pattern, suggesting local adaptation to differences in micro-habitats. Our study shows that selection might be a relevant force, particularly for traits involved in drought stress, even for populations experiencing strong drift, which improves our knowledge on eco-evolutionary processes acting on non-continuously distributed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Simões Santos Leal
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Cleber Juliano Neves Chaves
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vanessa Araujo Graciano
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Christophe Boury
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XINRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Biogeco, Cestas France
| | - Luis Alberto Pillaca Huacre
- grid.10800.390000 0001 2107 4576Departamento de Ecología, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Myriam Heuertz
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XINRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Biogeco, Cestas France
| | - Clarisse Palma-Silva
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hardouin EA, Butler H, Cvitanović M, Ulrich RG, Schulze V, Schilling AK, Lurz PWW, Meredith A, Hodder KH. Wildlife conservation in a fragmented landscape: the Eurasian red squirrel on the Isle of Wight. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIsland populations may have a higher extinction risk due to reduced genetic diversity and need to be managed effectively in order to reduce the risk of biodiversity loss. The Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in the south of England only survive on three islands (the Isle of Wight, Brownsea and Furzey islands), with the Isle of Wight harbouring the largest population in the region. Fourteen microsatellites were used to determine the genetic structure of red squirrel populations on the Isle of Wight, as well as their relatedness to other populations of the species. Our results demonstrated that squirrels on these islands were less genetically diverse than those in Continental mainland populations, as would be expected. It also confirmed previous results from mitochondrial DNA which indicated that the squirrels on the Isle of Wight were relatively closely related to Brownsea island squirrels in the south of England. Importantly, our findings showed that genetic mixing between squirrels in the east and west of the Isle of Wight was very limited. Given the potential deleterious effects of small population size on genetic health, landscape management to encourage dispersal of squirrels between these populations should be a priority.
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Demographic changes and loss of genetic diversity in two insular populations of bobcats (Lynx rufus). Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Watt C, Kierepka E, Ferreira C, Koen E, Row J, Bowman J, Wilson P, Murray D. Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis) gene flow across a mountain transition zone in western North America. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mountain ecotones have the potential to cause multiple patterns in divergence, from simple barrier effects to more fundamental ecological divergence. Most work in mountain ecotones in North America has focused on reinforcement between refugial populations, making prediction of how mountains impact species that are not restricted to separate glacial refugia remains difficult. This study focused on the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792), a highly mobile felid considered to be a habitat and dietary specialist. Specifically, we used 14 microsatellite loci and landscape genetic tools to investigate if the Rocky Mountains and associated climatic transitions influence lynx genetic differentiation in western North America. Although lynx exhibited high gene flow across the region, analyses detected structuring of neutral genetic variation across our study area. Gene flow for lynx most strongly related to temperature and elevation compared with other landscape variables (terrain roughness, percent forest cover, and habitat suitability index) and geographic distance alone. Overall, genetic structure in lynx is most consistent with barrier effects created by the Rocky Mountains rather than ecological divergence. Furthermore, warmer temperatures had a measurable impact on gene flow, which suggests connectivity may further decrease in peripheral or fragmented populations as climate warms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Watt
- Biology Department, Trent University, Trent University DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - E.M. Kierepka
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - C.C. Ferreira
- Biology Department, Trent University, Trent University DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Conservation Biology, Permoserstr, 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - E.L. Koen
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - J.R. Row
- Minnow Environmental Inc., Queen’s University, Georgetown, ON L7G 3M9, Canada
| | - J. Bowman
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - P.J. Wilson
- Biology Department, Trent University, Trent University DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - D.L. Murray
- Biology Department, Trent University, Trent University DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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Prentice MB, Bowman J, Murray DL, Khidas K, Wilson PJ. Spatial and environmental influences on selection in a clock gene coding trinucleotide repeat in Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4637-4652. [PMID: 32989809 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clock genes exhibit substantial control over gene expression and ultimately life-histories using external cues such as photoperiod, and are thus likely to be critical for adaptation to shifting seasonal conditions and novel environments as species redistribute their ranges under climate change. Coding trinucleotide repeats (cTNRs) are found within several clock genes, and may be interesting targets of selection due to their containment within exonic regions and elevated mutation rates. Here, we conduct inter-specific characterization of the NR1D1 cTNR between Canada lynx and bobcat, and intra-specific spatial and environmental association analyses of neutral microsatellites and our functional cTNR marker, to investigate the role of selection on this locus in Canada lynx. We report signatures of divergent selection between lynx and bobcat, with the potential for hybrid-mediated gene flow in the area of range overlap. We also provide evidence that this locus is under selection across Canada lynx in eastern Canada, with both spatial and environmental variables significantly contributing to the explained variation, after controlling for neutral population structure. These results suggest that cTNRs may play an important role in the generation of functional diversity within some mammal species, and allow for contemporary rates of adaptation in wild populations in response to environmental change. We encourage continued investment into the study of cTNR markers to better understand their broader relevance to the evolution and adaptation of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B Prentice
- Department of Environmental & Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis L Murray
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Kamal Khidas
- Vertebrate Zoology and Beaty Centre for Species Discovery, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J Wilson
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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Lansink GMJ, Esparza-Salas R, Joensuu M, Koskela A, Bujnáková D, Kleven O, Flagstad Ø, Ollila T, Kojola I, Aspi J, Kvist L. Population genetics of the wolverine in Finland: the road to recovery? CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAfter decades, even centuries of persecution, large carnivore populations are widely recovering in Europe. Considering the recent recovery of the wolverine (Gulo gulo) in Finland, our aim was to evaluate genetic variation using 14 microsatellites and mtDNA control region (579 bp) in order (1) to determine whether the species is represented by a single genetic population within Finland, (2) to quantify the genetic diversity, and (3) to estimate the effective population size. We found two major genetic clusters divided between eastern and northern Finland based on microsatellites (FST = 0.100) but also a significant pattern of isolation by distance. Wolverines in western Finland had a genetic signature similar to the northern cluster, which can be explained by former translocations of wolverines from northern to western Finland. For both main clusters, most estimates of the effective population size Ne were below 50. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity was higher in the eastern cluster (HE = 0.57, AR = 4.0, AP = 0.3) than in the northern cluster (HE = 0.49, AR = 3.7, AP = 0.1). Migration between the clusters was low. Two mtDNA haplotypes were found: one common and identical to Scandinavian wolverines; the other rare and not previously detected. The rare haplotype was more prominent in the eastern genetic cluster. Combining all available data, we infer that the genetic population structure within Finland is shaped by a recent bottleneck, isolation by distance, human-aided translocations and postglacial recolonization routes.
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Fuller J, Ferchaud A, Laporte M, Le Luyer J, Davis TB, Côté SD, Bernatchez L. Absence of founder effect and evidence for adaptive divergence in a recently introduced insular population of white‐tailed deer (
Odocoileus virginianus
). Mol Ecol 2019; 29:86-104. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Fuller
- Département de Biologie Université Laval Québec QC Canada
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Research Chair in Integrated Management of the Resources of Anticosti Island and Centre d'Études Nordiques (CEN) Québec QC Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Anne‐Laure Ferchaud
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Martin Laporte
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Jérémy Le Luyer
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | | | - Steeve D. Côté
- Département de Biologie Université Laval Québec QC Canada
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Research Chair in Integrated Management of the Resources of Anticosti Island and Centre d'Études Nordiques (CEN) Québec QC Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Département de Biologie Université Laval Québec QC Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
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Prentice MB, Bowman J, Murray DL, Klütsch CFC, Khidas K, Wilson PJ. Evaluating evolutionary history and adaptive differentiation to identify conservation units of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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12
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Prentice MB, Bowman J, Khidas K, Koen EL, Row JR, Murray DL, Wilson PJ. Selection and drift influence genetic differentiation of insular Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis) on Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3281-3294. [PMID: 28480025 PMCID: PMC5415520 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Island populations have long been important for understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of evolution in natural systems. While genetic drift is often strong on islands due to founder events and population bottlenecks, the strength of selection can also be strong enough to counteract the effects of drift. Here, we used several analyses to identify the roles of genetic drift and selection on genetic differentiation and diversity of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) across eastern Canada, including the islands of Cape Breton and Newfoundland. Specifically, we assessed whether we could identify a genetic component to the observed morphological differentiation that has been reported across insular and mainland lynx. We used a dinucleotide repeat within the promoter region of a functional gene that has been linked to mammalian body size, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). We found high genetic differentiation at neutral molecular markers but convergence of allele frequencies at the IGF-1 locus. Thus, we showed that while genetic drift has influenced the observed genetic structure of lynx at neutral molecular markers, natural selection has also played a role in the observed patterns of genetic diversity at the IGF-1 locus of insular lynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B Prentice
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences Trent University Peterborough ON Canada
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Peterborough ON Canada
| | - Kamal Khidas
- Vertebrate Zoology Canadian Museum of Nature Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Erin L Koen
- Biology Department Trent University Peterborough ON Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Row
- Department of Environment and Resource Studies University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
| | | | - Paul J Wilson
- Biology Department Trent University Peterborough ON Canada
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