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Wang S, Li Y, Jiang K, Zhou J, Chen J, Liang J, Ndoni A, Xue H, Ye Z, Bu W. Identifying a potentially invasive population in the native range of a species: The enlightenment from the phylogeography of the yellow spotted stink bug, Erthesina fullo (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108056. [PMID: 38493987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The yellow spotted stink bug (YSSB), Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783) is an important Asian pest that has recently successfully invaded Europe and an excellent material for research on the initial stage of biological invasion. Here, we reported the native evolutionary history, recent invasion history, and potential invasion threats of YSSB for the first time based on population genetic methods [using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) data and mitochondrial COI and CYTB] and ecological niche modelling. The results showed that four lineages (east, west, southwest, and Hainan Island) were established in the native range with a strong east-west differentiation phylogeographical structure, and the violent climate fluctuation might cause population divergence during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. In addition, land bridges and monsoon promote dispersal and directional genetic exchanging between island populations and neighboring continental populations. The east lineage (EA) was identified as the source of invasion in Albania. EA had the widest geographical distribution among all other lineages, with a star-like haplotype network with the main haplotype as the core. It also had a rapid population expansion history, indicating that the source lineage might have stronger diffusion ability and adaptability. Our findings provided a significant biological basis for fine tracking of invasive source at the lineage or population level and promote early invasion warning of potential invasive species on a much subtler lineage level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Juhong Chen
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | | | - Huaijun Xue
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Zhen Ye
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Ninsin KD, Souza PGC, Amaro GC, Aidoo OF, Barry EJDV, da Silva RS, Osei-Owusu J, Dofuor AK, Ablormeti FK, Heve WK, Edusei G, Agboyi LK, Beseh P, Boafo HA, Borgemeister C, Sétamou M. Risk of spread of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Ghana. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38699867 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The impact of invasive species on biodiversity, food security and economy is increasingly noticeable in various regions of the globe as a consequence of climate change. Yet, there is limited research on how climate change affects the distribution of the invasive Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera:Liviidae) in Ghana. Using maxnet package to fit the Maxent model in R software, we answered the following questions; (i) what are the main drivers for D. citri distribution, (ii) what are the D. citri-specific habitat requirements and (iii) how well do the risk maps fit with what we know to be correctly based on the available evidence?. We found that temperature seasonality (Bio04), mean temperature of warmest quarter (Bio10), precipitation of driest quarter (Bio17), moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer land cover and precipitation seasonality (Bio15), were the most important drivers of D. citri distribution. The results follow the known distribution records of the pest with potential expansion of habitat suitability in the future. Because many invasive species, including D. citri, can adapt to the changing climates, our findings can serve as a guide for surveillance, tracking and prevention of D. citri spread in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodwo Dadzie Ninsin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana
| | - Philipe Guilherme Corcino Souza
- Department of Agronomy, Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM Campus Uberlândia), Uberlândia, MG 38400-970, Brazil
| | | | - Owusu Fordjour Aidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Siqueira da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana
| | - Aboagye Kwarteng Dofuor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana
| | - Fred Kormla Ablormeti
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P. O. Box 245, Sekondi, W/R, Ghana
| | - William K Heve
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana
| | - George Edusei
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana
| | - Lakpo Koku Agboyi
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), CSIR Campus, No. 6 Agostino Neto Road, Airport Residential Area, P. O. Box CT 8630, Cantonments, Ghana
| | - Patrick Beseh
- Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate. P. O. Box M37, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hettie Arwoh Boafo
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), CSIR Campus, No. 6 Agostino Neto Road, Airport Residential Area, P. O. Box CT 8630, Cantonments, Ghana
| | - Christian Borgemeister
- Centre for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mamoudou Sétamou
- Citrus Center, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, 312 N. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX 78599, USA
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Ibrahim YE, Paredes-Montero JR, Al-Saleh MA, Widyawan A, He R, El Komy MH, Al Dhafer HM, Kitchen N, Gang DR, Brown JK. Characterization of the Asian Citrus Psyllid-‘Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus’ Pathosystem in Saudi Arabia Reveals Two Predominant CLas Lineages and One Asian Citrus Psyllid Vector Haplotype. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101991. [PMID: 36296267 PMCID: PMC9610752 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia (SA), the citrus greening disease is caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri. The origin and route(s) of the ACP-CLas pathosystem invasion in SA have not been studied. Adult ACP were collected from citrus trees in SA and differentiated by analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) and nuclear copper transporting protein (atox1) genes. A phylogenetic analysis of the Wolbachia spp. surface protein (wsp) gene was used to identify the ACP-associated Wolbachia spp. A phylogenetic analysis of the atox1 and mtCOI gene sequences revealed one predominant ACP haplotype most closely related to the Indian subcontinent founder populations. The detection and identification of CLas in citrus trees were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. The CLas-integrated prophage genomes were sequenced, annotated, and used to differentiate CLas populations. The ML and ASTRAL trees reconstructed with prophages type 1 and 2 genome sequences, separately and concatenated, resolved two major lineages, CLas-1 and -2. The CLas-1 clade, reported here for the first time, consisted of isolates from SA isolates and Pakistan. The CLas-2 sequences formed two groups, CLas-2-1 and -2-2, previously the ‘Asiatic’ and ‘Floridian’ strains, respectively. Members of CLas-2-1 originated from Southeast Asia, the USA, and other worldwide locations, while CLas-2-2 was identified only in Florida. This study provides the first snapshot into the status of the ACP-CLas pathosystem in SA. In addition, the results provide new insights into the pathosystem coevolution and global invasion histories of two ACP-CLas lineages with a predicted center of origin in South and Southeast Asia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser E. Ibrahim
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: author:
| | - Jorge R. Paredes-Montero
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Biology, Saginaw Valley State University, Saginaw, MI 48710, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Saleh
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arya Widyawan
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruifeng He
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mahmoud H. El Komy
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hathal M. Al Dhafer
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noel Kitchen
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Judith K. Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Carlson CR, ter Horst AM, Johnston JS, Henry E, Falk BW, Kuo YW. High-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies: comparisons of three Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) geographic populations. DNA Res 2022; 29:6648404. [PMID: 35866687 PMCID: PMC9338690 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is the insect vector of the causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating bacterial disease of commercial citrus. Presently, few genomic resources exist for D. citri. In this study, we utilized PacBio HiFi and chromatin confirmation contact (Hi-C) sequencing to sequence, assemble, and compare three high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies of D. citri collected from California, Taiwan, and Uruguay. Our assemblies had final sizes of 282.67 Mb (California), 282.89 Mb (Taiwan), and 266.67 Mb (Uruguay) assembled into 13 pseudomolecules—a reduction in assembly size of 41–45% compared with previous assemblies which we validated using flow cytometry. We identified the X chromosome in D. citri and annotated each assembly for repetitive elements, protein-coding genes, transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, piwi-interacting RNA clusters, and endogenous viral elements. Between 19,083 and 20,357 protein-coding genes were predicted. Repetitive DNA accounts for 36.87–38.26% of each assembly. Comparative analyses and mitochondrial haplotype networks suggest that Taiwan and Uruguay D. citri are more closely related, while California D. citri are closely related to Florida D. citri. These high-quality, chromosome-scale assemblies provide new genomic resources to researchers to further D. citri and HLB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis R Carlson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anneliek M ter Horst
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J Spencer Johnston
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Elizabeth Henry
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bryce W Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yen-Wen Kuo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
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5
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Basu S, Huynh L, Zhang S, Rabara R, Nguyen H, Velásquez Guzmán J, Hao G, Miles G, Shi Q, Stover E, Gupta G. Two Liberibacter Proteins Combine to Suppress Critical Innate Immune Defenses in Citrus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869178. [PMID: 35586217 PMCID: PMC9108871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We adopted a systems-based approach to determine the role of two Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) proteins, LasP 235 and Effector 3, in Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogenesis. While a published work suggests the involvement of these CLas proteins HLB pathogenesis, the exact structure-based mechanism of their action has not been elucidated. We conducted the following experiments to determine the structure-based mechanisms of action. First, we immunoprecipitated the interacting citrus protein partners of LasP 235 and Effector 3 from the healthy and CLas-infected Hamlin extracts and identified them by Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Second, we performed a split green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay in tobacco to validate that the interactions observed in vitro are also retained in planta. The notable in planta citrus targets of LasP 235 and Effector 3 include citrus innate immune proteins. Third, in vitro and in planta studies were performed to show that LasP 235 and Effector 3 interact with and inhibit the functions of multiple citrus proteins belonging to the innate immune pathways. These inhibitory interactions led to a high level of reactive oxygen species, blocking of bactericidal lipid transfer protein (LTP), and induction of premature programed cell death (PCD), all of which are beneficial to CLas lifecycle and HLB pathogenesis. Finally, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to visualize the interactions of LasP 235 and Effector 3, respectively, with LTP and Kunitz protease inhibitor. This led to the design of an LTP mimic, which sequestered and blocked LasP 235 and rescued the bactericidal activity of LTP thereby proving that LasP 235 , indeed, participates in HLB pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Basu
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Loan Huynh
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Shujian Zhang
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Roel Rabara
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Hau Nguyen
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | | | - Guixia Hao
- Horticulture and Breeding, U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Godfrey Miles
- Horticulture and Breeding, U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Qingchun Shi
- Horticulture and Breeding, U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Ed Stover
- Horticulture and Breeding, U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Goutam Gupta
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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Ancestral Haplotype Retention and Population Expansion Determine the Complicated Population Genetic Structure of the Hilly Lineage of Neolucanus swinhoei Complex (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) on the Subtropical Taiwan Island. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030227. [PMID: 33807992 PMCID: PMC7999642 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that the complicated genetic structure of the hilly lineage of the Neolucanus swinhoei complex was driven by its biological features and habitat requirements as well as hindrance by the CMR during periodical Pleistocene glaciations. The results revealed a tendency of geographical differentiation and major and sub- lineage divergences before and after the Riss glaciation, followed by stable population growth during Würm glaciation. At least four refugia were inferred for N. swinhoei during the Riss-Würm glaciations. The ancestral haplotype retention in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and compensated substitution in 16S rRNA gene is a possible evolutionary scenario resulting in the inconsistent evolution pattern between COI and 16S rRNA gene coupled with the long-distance dispersal of N. swinhoei. Although the CMR did hinder the dispersal of N. swinhoei, its ancestors may have dispersed to eastern Taiwan through the northern and southern low mountains of the CMR before the Riss glaciation. Our finding suggests that the population growth in the Würm glaciation led a dispersal back to western Taiwan, which is contrast to the more common dispersal scenario from western Taiwan to eastern populations proposed in other studies.
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Gwiazdowski RA, Andersen JC, Knisley CB, Griffin BP, Elkinton JS. First Account of Phylogeographic Variation, Larval Characters, and Laboratory Rearing of the Endangered Cobblestone Tiger Beetle Cicindelidia marginipennis , Dejean, 1831 with Observations of Their Natural History. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100708. [PMID: 33081250 PMCID: PMC7650647 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are highly predatory and colorful insects of long-standing fascination by entomologists. Most species in this group are in decline from range-wide habitat loss, including those with wide ranges such as the cobblestone tiger beetle (Cicindelidia marginipennis (Dejean, 1831)). This species is considered threatened and/or endangered range-wide, and conservation activities are hindered by a lack of basic information about this species’ biology. Here, we describe new aspects of this species’ basic biology in the lab and the field and use the mitochondrial locus cytochrome oxidase I (COI) to examine biogeographic patterns. We present larval descriptions with detailed drawings and find genetic evidence for geographically structured populations, suggesting that further conservation genetic research is warranted for this species. We expect the new tools and information presented in this paper will allow specialists to test further hypotheses about this species, advance survey methods, and guide proactive tiger beetle conservation. Abstract The cobblestone tiger beetle, Cicindelidia marginipennis (Dejean, 1831) is a North American species specializing in riparian habitats from New Brunswick, Canada, to Alabama in the United States. In the United States, this species is state-listed as threatened or endangered range-wide and periodically receives consideration for federal listing, mostly due to habitat decline. Despite its conservation status, intraspecific genetic diversity for this species has not been explored and little is known about its natural history. To support further inquiry into the biology of C. marginipennis, this study provides the first look at range-wide genetic diversity using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), describes all three larval instars, and describes natural history characteristics from captive rearing and field observation. Based on mtDNA analyses, our results suggest that geographically based population structure may exist throughout the range, with individuals from Alabama possessing haplotypes not found elsewhere in our sampling. Further genetic analyses, particularly multi-locus analyses, are needed to determine whether the Alabama population represents a separate cryptic species. Our morphological analysis and descriptions of larval instars reveal a combination of characteristics that can be used to differentiate C. marginipennis from closely related and co-occurring species. Based on our field observations, we find that the larval “throw pile” of soil excavated from burrows is a key search image for locating larvae, and we provide descriptions and detailed photographs to aid surveys. Lastly, we find that this species can be successfully reared in captivity and provide guidelines to aid future recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger A. Gwiazdowski
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (J.C.A.); (B.P.G.); (J.S.E.)
- Advanced BioConsulting, LLC., 139 Spring St., Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeremy C. Andersen
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (J.C.A.); (B.P.G.); (J.S.E.)
| | - C. Barry Knisley
- Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA;
| | - Brian P. Griffin
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (J.C.A.); (B.P.G.); (J.S.E.)
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joseph S. Elkinton
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (J.C.A.); (B.P.G.); (J.S.E.)
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Endogenous Viral Element-Derived Piwi-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) Are Not Required for Production of Ping-Pong-Dependent piRNAs from Diaphorina citri Densovirus. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02209-20. [PMID: 32994324 PMCID: PMC7527727 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02209-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small RNAs primarily responsible for silencing transposons in the animal germ line. The ping-pong cycle, the posttranscriptional silencing branch of the piRNA pathway, relies on piRNAs produced from endogenous transposon remnants to direct cleavage of transposon RNA via association with Piwi-family Argonaute proteins. In some mosquito species and mosquito-derived cell lines expressing a functionally expanded group of Piwi-family Argonaute proteins, both RNA and DNA viruses are targeted by piRNAs in a manner thought to involve direct processing of exogenous viral RNA into piRNAs. Whether viruses are targeted by piRNAs in nonmosquito species is unknown. Partial integrations of DNA and nonretroviral RNA virus genomes, termed endogenous viral elements (EVEs), are abundant in arthropod genomes and often produce piRNAs that are speculated to target cognate viruses through the ping-pong cycle. Here, we describe a Diaphorina citri densovirus (DcDV)-derived EVE in the genome of Diaphorina citri We found that this EVE gives rise to DcDV-specific primary piRNAs and is unevenly distributed among D. citri populations. Unexpectedly, we found that DcDV is targeted by ping-pong-dependent virus-derived piRNAs (vpiRNAs) in D. citri lacking the DcDV-derived EVE, while four naturally infecting RNA viruses of D. citri are not targeted by vpiRNAs. Furthermore, a recombinant Cricket paralysis virus containing a portion of the DcDV genome corresponding to the DcDV-derived EVE was not targeted by vpiRNAs during infection in D. citri harboring the EVE. These results demonstrate that viruses can be targeted by piRNAs in a nonmosquito species independently of endogenous piRNAs.IMPORTANCE Small RNAs serve as specificity determinants of antiviral responses in insects. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small RNAs found in animals, and their primary role is to direct antitransposon responses. These responses require endogenous piRNAs complementary to transposon RNA. Additionally, piRNAs have been shown to target RNA and DNA viruses in some mosquito species. In contrast to transposons, targeting of viruses by the piRNA pathway in these mosquito species does not require endogenous piRNAs. Here, we show that piRNAs target a DNA virus, but not RNA viruses, in an agricultural insect pest. We found that targeting of this DNA virus did not require endogenous piRNAs and that endogenous piRNAs did not mediate targeting of an RNA virus with which they shared complementary sequence. Our results highlight differences between mosquitoes and our experimental system and raise the possibility that DNA viruses may be targeted by piRNAs in other species.
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Nigg JC, Falk BW. Diaphorina citri densovirus is a persistently infecting virus with a hybrid genome organization and unique transcription strategy. J Gen Virol 2019; 101:226-239. [PMID: 31855134 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diaphorina citri densovirus (DcDV) is an ambisense densovirus with a 5071 nt genome. Phylogenetic analysis places DcDV in an intermediate position between those in the Ambidensovirus and Iteradensovirus genera, a finding that is consistent with the observation that DcDV possesses an Iteradensoviris-like non-structural (NS) protein-gene cassette, but a capsid-protein (VP) gene cassette resembling those of other ambisense densoviruses. DcDV is maternally transmitted to 100 % of the progeny of infected female Diaphorina citri, and the progeny of infected females carry DcDV as a persistent infection without outward phenotypic effects. We were unable to infect naïve individuals by oral inoculation, however low levels of transient viral replication are detected following intrathoracic injection of DcDV virions into uninfected D. citri insects. Transcript mapping indicates that DcDV produces one transcript each from the NS and VP gene cassettes and that these transcripts are polyadenylated at internal sites to produce a ~2.2 kb transcript encoding the NS proteins and a ~2.4 kb transcript encoding the VP proteins. Additionally, we found that transcriptional readthrough leads to the production of longer non-canonical transcripts from both genomic strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C Nigg
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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10
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Zhang C, Xiong X, Liu X, Zou Z, Xin T, Wang J, Xia B. Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) in China: Two Invasion Routes and Three Transmission Paths. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1418-1427. [PMID: 31115472 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is one of the most common pests impacting citrus orchards in southern China. Samples of D. citri were collected in southern China in order to systematically explore the genetic architecture of the species. Mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which allowed highlighting low haplotype and nucleotide diversities among the population. Two clades could be observed in the haplotype network. Moreover, Bayesian and maximum parsimony phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the sequences of Cytb and COI. Here, we report on the significant genetic variation of the species when comparing southwestern China with other regions of southern China (southern and southeastern). This analysis also suggested that the genetic structure of D. citri in China originates may from long-term climate fluctuations concomitant with recent disturbances resulting from human activity. Combined with previous data, the present work indicates that D. citri potentially entered China through two distinct invasion routes and spread within the country via three transmission paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xian Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiwen Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianrong Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Clarke SKV, Brown SE. Identification and Distribution of Haplotypes of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Jamaica and the Caribbean. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2401-2408. [PMID: 30020494 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), also known as the Asian citrus psyllid, is a vector of the citrus huanglongbing (HLB) disease. D. citri transmits all three known strains of the HLB pathogen: Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. The study involved 92 psyllids representing the Caribbean Basin and reference samples representing countries within Asia, North America, and South America. This study was aimed at characterizing D. citri on a molecular level in order to determine the haplotype diversity and uniqueness within Jamaica and the Caribbean Basin. D. citri-specific primers were used to amplify an 821 bp gene fragment from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (mtCOI). The statistical parsimony program, TCS, was used to determine the 12 haplotypes found within the Caribbean, with haplotypes H2 and H7 being the most prominent. The H2 haplotype was found to belong to the South Western Asia group originating from India. H2 represented 54% of the sequenced samples and dominated the Greater Antilles, 22% were grouped as H7, dominating the Lesser Antilles, while the remaining 24% of the sequences were grouped in the remaining 10 haplotypes and were variants seen within the Greater and Lesser Antilles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha-Kay V Clarke
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching & Research Complex, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Sherline E Brown
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching & Research Complex, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Qasim M, Baohua W, Zou H, Lin Y, Dash CK, Bamisile BS, Hussain M, Zhiwen Z, Wang L. Phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of citrus psyllid populations from China and Pakistan and their associated Candidatus bacterium. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 126:173-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Luo Y, Agnarsson I. Global mtDNA genetic structure and hypothesized invasion history of a major pest of citrus, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Ecol Evol 2017; 8:257-265. [PMID: 29321868 PMCID: PMC5756889 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a key pest of citrus as the vector of the bacterium causing the “huanglongbing” disease (HLB). To assess the global mtDNA population genetic structure, and possible dispersal history of the pest, we investigated genetic variation at the COI gene collating newly collected samples with all previously published data. Our dataset consists of 356 colonies from 106 geographic sites worldwide. High haplotype diversity (H‐mean = 0.702 ± 0.017), low nucleotide diversity (π‐mean = 0.003), and significant positive selection (Ka/Ks = 32.92) were observed. Forty‐four haplotypes (Hap) were identified, clustered into two matrilines: Both occur in southeastern and southern Asia, North and South America, and Africa; lineages A and B also occur in eastern and western Asia, respectively. The most abundant haplotypes were Hap4 in lineage A (35.67%), and Hap9 in lineage B (41.29%). The haplotype network identified them as the ancestral haplotypes within their respective lineages. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic structure (FST = 0.62, p < .0001) between the lineages, and population genetic analysis suggests geographic structuring. We hypothesize a southern and/or southeastern Asia origin, three dispersal routes, and parallel expansions of two lineages. The hypothesized first route involved the expansion of lineage B from southern Asia into North America via West Asia. The second, the expansion of some lineage A individuals from Southeast Asia into East Asia, and the third involved both lineages from Southeast Asia spreading westward into Africa and subsequently into South America. To test these hypotheses and gain a deeper understanding of the global history of D. citri, more data‐rich approaches will be necessary from the ample toolkit of next‐generation sequencing (NGS). However, this study may serve to guide such sampling and in the development of biological control programs against the global pest D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufa Luo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Gannan Normal University Ganzhou China
| | - Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology University of Vermont Burlington VT USA.,Department of Entomology National Museum of Natural History Washington DC USA
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