1
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Chen Y, Schwilk DW, Cox RD, Johnson MG. Including phylogenetic conservatism of shortgrass prairie restoration species does not improve species germinability prediction. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.983192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PremiseWe investigated whether phylogenetic conservatism can improve the performance of seed germinability prediction models. Previous studies in tallgrass prairie and alpine meadow revealed that seed morphological traits demonstrate phylogenetic conservatism. We hypothesized that phylogenetic conservatism in seed traits could help predict the seed germinability, under the assumption that seed traits contain phylogenetic signals.MethodsWe measured seed germination percentage and seed morphological traits (seed mass, seed height, and seed surface area) on 34 native species from shortgrass prairie in North America. We supplemented these data with similar data from the literature on 11 more species. We calculated the robustness of the phylogenetic signal of each trait to the number of species sampled. We also compressed the phylogenetic distance matrix to a two-dimensional space, and applied the Akaike information criterion to evaluate the effects of phylogeny on seed germinability prediction models.Key resultsWe found weak but significant phylogenetic signals in seed mass and seed height in the full data set. These phylogenetic signals were not able to improve seed germinability prediction model performance among shortgrass prairie species. Our robustness tests of phylogenetic signals using random sub-sampling showed that the detection rate of phylogenetic signals in seed mass was increased along with the expansion of species pool, and nearly 100% at 40 species. However, the detection rate of phylogenetic signals in seed height was constantly low, around 20%.ConclusionWhen the phylogenetic signals are weak, the phylogenetic position does not improve germinability prediction model performance. Therefore, phylogenetic signals detected during a single species pool calculation may not accurately reflect the phylogenetic conservatism of the trait in a plant community. We suggest testing for robustness of phylogenetic signals using random sub-sampling tests.
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2
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Wang J, Wang XY, Pan W, Li JY, Xue L, Li S. Seed germination traits and dormancy classification of 27 species from a degraded karst mountain in central Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: seed mass and moisture content correlate with germination capacity. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1043-1056. [PMID: 35793164 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In degraded karst ecosystem, vegetation restoration efforts almost exclusively rely on planted seedlings, but this is not effective to maintain community diversity and resilience. As seed functional traits, seed dormancy and germination are key to community assembly. Unfortunately, these elements are commonly overlooked in restoring degraded ecosystems. This work classifies seed dormancy of 27 species with different life forms that are common on a degraded karst mountain. We examined the effects of temperature regime and light conditions on percentage germination and assessed the relationships between seed traits and germination index using a partial least squares regression (PLSR). Approximately 48% of the investigated species had physiological dormancy, 37% were non-dormant, 7% had morphophysiological dormancy, 4% had morphological dormancy and 4% had physical dormancy. We found that 94% (15 out of 16) species had maximum germination in warm temperature regimes (20/13 and 25/18 °C), while the remaining species required cool temperatures (10/4 °C). PLSR analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between seed mass and T50m (time to 50% final germination), and a negative correlation between seed moisture content and percentage germination. Our findings indicate that seed traits are important factors in seed-based restoration practice. F. esculentum, O. opipara, P. fortuneana and S. salicifolia are recommended for direct seeding during the early rainy season to restore seriously degraded lands in subtropical karst regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
- Observation and Research Station for Rock Desert Ecosystem, Puding, China
| | - X Y Wang
- Chun'an County Forestry Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - W Pan
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
| | - J Y Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
| | - L Xue
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
- Observation and Research Station for Rock Desert Ecosystem, Puding, China
| | - S Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
- Observation and Research Station for Rock Desert Ecosystem, Puding, China
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3
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Barak RS, Karimi N, Glasenhardt M, Larkin DJ, Williams EW, Hipp AL. Phylogenetically and functionally diverse species mixes beget diverse experimental prairies, whether from seeds or plugs. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Barak
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL 60022 United States of America
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 United States of America
| | - Nisa Karimi
- The Morton Arboretum Lisle IL 60532 United States of America
- Department of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 United States of America
| | - Mary‐Claire Glasenhardt
- The Morton Arboretum Lisle IL 60532 United States of America
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN United States of America
| | | | - Andrew L. Hipp
- The Morton Arboretum Lisle IL 60532 United States of America
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Agneray AC, Parchman TL, Leger EA. Phenotypes and environment predict seedling survival for seven co‐occurring Great Basin plant taxa growing with invasive grass. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8870. [PMID: 35509617 PMCID: PMC9055296 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait–environment correlations can arise from local adaptation and can identify genetically and environmentally appropriate seeds for restoration projects. However, anthropogenic changes can disrupt the relationships between traits and fitness. Finding the best seed sources for restoration may rely on describing plant traits adaptive in disturbed and invaded environments, recognizing that while traits may differ among species and functional groups, there may be similarities in the strategies that increase seedling establishment. Focusing on three grass genera, two shrub species, and two forb genera, we collected seeds of all taxa from 16 common sites in the sagebrush steppe of the western United States. We measured seed and seedling characteristics, including seed size, emergence timing, and root and shoot traits, and compiled a suite of environmental variables for each collection site. We described trait–environment associations and asked how traits or environment of origin were associated with seedling survival in invaded gardens. Sampling seven taxa from the same sites allowed us to ask how trait–environment–performance associations differ among taxa and whether natural selection favors similar traits across multiple taxa and functional groups. All taxa showed trait–environment associations consistent with local adaptation, and both environment of origin and phenotypes predicted survival in competitive restoration settings, with some commonalities among taxa. Notably, rapid emergence and larger seeds increased survival for multiple taxa. Environmental factors at collection sites, including lower slopes (especially for grasses), greater mean annual temperatures (especially for shrubs and forbs), and greater precipitation seasonality were frequently associated with increased survival. We noted one collection site with high seedling survival across all seven taxa, suggesting that conditions within some sites may result in selection for traits that increase establishment for multiple species. Thus, choosing native plant sources with the most adaptive traits, along with matching climates, will likely improve the restoration of invaded communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. Agneray
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
- Nevada State Office Bureau of Land Management Reno USA
| | - Thomas L. Parchman
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Leger
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
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Klimeš A, Klimešová J, Janovský Z, Herben T. Demographic correction—A tool for inference from individuals to populations. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Klimeš
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Pruhonice Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Pruhonice Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Janovský
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Pruhonice Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Pruhonice Czech Republic
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6
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Anderegg GC, Henn JJ, Orrock JL, Damschen EI. Litter removal reduces seed predation in restored prairies during times when seed predation would otherwise be high. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve C. Anderegg
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
- CU Museum of Natural History University of Colorado‐Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan J. Henn
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - John L. Orrock
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Ellen I. Damschen
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
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7
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Larson JE, Ebinger KR, Suding KN. Water the odds? Spring rainfall and emergence‐related seed traits drive plant recruitment. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Larson
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Kathleen R. Ebinger
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Master of Environmental Management Program, School of the Environment, Yale Univ. New Haven CT USA
| | - Katharine N. Suding
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO USA
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Zanetti M, Dayrell RLC, Wardil MV, Damasceno A, Fernandes T, Castilho A, Santos FMG, Silveira FAO. Seed Functional Traits Provide Support for Ecological Restoration and ex situ Conservation in the Threatened Amazon Ironstone Outcrop Flora. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:599496. [PMID: 33424895 PMCID: PMC7793850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.599496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cangas (ironstone outcrops) host a specialized flora, characterized by high degree of edaphic endemism and an apparent lack of natural history knowledge of its flora. Due to intense pressure from iron ore mining this ecosystem is under threat and in need of restoration. We studied seed functional traits that are relevant for restoration, translocation and ex situ conservation in 48 species from cangas in eastern Amazon. Were determined the thermal niche breadth, classified seed dormancy and determined methods to overcome it, determined the effect of seed storage on germination, tested the association between germination traits and functional groups, and tested whether seed traits are phylogenetically conserved. We found a broad interspecific variation in most seed traits, except for seed water content. Large interspecific variation in the temperature niche breadth was found among the studied species, but only four species, showed optimum germination at high temperatures of 35-40°C, despite high temperatures under natural conditions. Only 35% of the studied species produced dormant seeds. Mechanical scarification was effective in overcoming physical dormancy and application of gibberellic acid was effective in overcoming physiological dormancy in five species. For the 29 species that seeds were stored for 24 months, 76% showed decreases in the germination percentage. The weak association between germination traits and life-history traits indicate that no particular plant functional type requires specific methods for seed-based translocations. Exceptions were the lianas which showed relatively larger seeds compared to the other growth-forms. Dormancy was the only trait strongly related to phylogeny, suggesting that phylogenetic relatedness may not be a good predictor of regeneration from seeds in cangas. Our study provides support to better manage seed sourcing, use, storage and enhancement techniques with expected reduced costs and increased seedling establishment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcilio Zanetti
- Bioma meio Ambiente LTDA, Nova Lima, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta L. C. Dayrell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mariana V. Wardil
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Amplo Engenharia e Gestão de Projetos LTDA, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Damasceno
- VALE S/A. Environmental Licensing Management, Mina de Águas Claras, Nova Lima, Brazil
| | - Tais Fernandes
- VALE S/A. Environmental Licensing Management, Mina de Águas Claras, Nova Lima, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Castilho
- VALE S/A. Environmental Licensing Management, Mina de Águas Claras, Nova Lima, Brazil
| | - Fernando M. G. Santos
- VALE S/A. Environmental Licensing Management, Mina de Águas Claras, Nova Lima, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. O. Silveira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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9
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Leger EA, Barga S, Agneray AC, Baughman O, Burton R, Williams M. Selecting native plants for restoration using rapid screening for adaptive traits: methods and outcomes in a Great Basin case study. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Leger
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557 U.S.A
| | - Sarah Barga
- USDA Forest Service—Rocky Mountain Research Station 322 E. Front St., Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 U.S.A
| | - Alison C. Agneray
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557 U.S.A
| | - Owen Baughman
- The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center 67826‐A Hwy. 205, Burns, OR 97720 U.S.A
| | - Robert Burton
- Bureau of Land Management Humboldt Field Office, 5100 East Winnemucca Blvd., Winnemucca, NV 89445 U.S.A
| | - Mark Williams
- Bureau of Land Management, Salt Lake Field Office 2370 South Decker Lake Blvd., West Valley, UT 84119 U.S.A
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10
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Arend da Silva I, Guido A, Müller SC. Predicting plant performance for the ecological restoration of grasslands: the role of regenerative traits. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isis Arend da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91540‐000 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Anaclara Guido
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Nacional de Pasturas y Forrajes, Estación Experimental del Este, INIA Ruta 8 km 281 Treinta y Tres Uruguay
| | - Sandra Cristina Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91540‐000 Porto Alegre Brazil
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11
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Germination Data Analysis by Time-to-Event Approaches. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050617. [PMID: 32408713 PMCID: PMC7285257 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Germination data are analyzed by several methods, which can be mainly classified as germination indexes and traditional regression techniques to fit non-linear parametric functions to the temporal sequence of cumulative germination. However, due to the nature of germination data, often different from other biological data, the abovementioned methods may present some limits, especially when ungerminated seeds are present at the end of an experiment. A class of methods that could allow addressing these issues is represented by the so-called “time-to-event analysis”, better known in other scientific fields as “survival analysis” or “reliability analysis”. There is relatively little literature about the application of these methods to germination data, and some reviews dealt only with parts of the possible approaches such as either non-parametric and semi-parametric or parametric ones. The present study aims to give a contribution to the knowledge about the reliability of these methods by assessing all the main approaches to the same germination data provided by sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seeds cohorts. The results obtained confirmed that although the different approaches present advantages and disadvantages, they could generally represent a valuable tool to analyze germination data providing parameters whose usefulness depends on the purpose of the research.
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12
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Münzbergová Z, Kosová V, Schnáblová R, Rokaya M, Synková H, Haisel D, Wilhelmová N, Dostálek T. Plant Origin, but Not Phylogeny, Drive Species Ecophysiological Response to Projected Climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:400. [PMID: 32318088 PMCID: PMC7154175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the relationship between environmental conditions and species traits is an important prerequisite for understanding determinants of community composition and predicting species response to novel climatic conditions. Despite increasing number of studies on this topic, our knowledge on importance of genetic differentiation, plasticity and their interactions along larger sets of species is still limited especially for traits related to plant ecophysiology. We studied variation in traits related to growth, leaf chemistry, contents of photosynthetic pigments and activity of antioxidative enzymes, stomata morphology and photosynthetic activity across eight Impatiens species growing along altitudinal gradients in Himalayas cultivated in three different temperature regimes and explored effects of among species phylogenetic relationships on the results. Original and target climatic conditions determine trait values in our system. The traits are either highly plastic (e.g., APX, CAT, plant size, neoxanthin, β-carotene, chlorophyll a/b, DEPSC) or are highly differentiated among populations (stomata density, lutein production). Many traits show strong among population differentiation in degree of plasticity and direction in response to environmental changes. Most traits indicate that the species will profit from the expected warming. This suggests that different processes determine the values of the different traits and separating the importance of genetic differentiation and plasticity is crucial for our ability to predict species response to future climate changes. The results also indicate that evolution of the traits is not phylogenetically constrained but including phylogenetic information into the analysis may improve our understanding of the trait-environment relationships as was apparent from the analysis of SLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Kosová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Renáta Schnáblová
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Maan Rokaya
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Helena Synková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Haisel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nada Wilhelmová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Dostálek
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Belinchón R, Hemrová L, Münzbergová Z. Abiotic, present-day and historical effects on species, functional and phylogenetic diversity in dry grasslands of different age. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223826. [PMID: 31613919 PMCID: PMC6793948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many grasslands have disappeared over the last century as a result of anthropogenic land use intensification, while new patches are emerging through abandonment of arable fields. Here, we compared species (SD), functional (FD) and phylogenetic (PD) (alpha) diversity among 272 dry grassland patches of two age-classes: old and new, with the new patches being dry grasslands established on previous intensively managed fields during the last 30 years. We first compared SD, FD and PD, between patches of different age. Then, we performed generalized linear models to determine the influence of abiotic, present-day and historical landscape configuration variables on SD, FD and PD. By measuring abiotic variables, we explained the effect of environmental filtering on species diversity, whereas the present-day and historical landscape configuration variables were included to describe how the spatial and temporal configuration of the patches influence patterns of species. Finally, we applied partial regressions to explore the relative importance of abiotic, present-day and historical variables in explaining the diversity metrics and how this varies between patches of different ages. We found higher SD in the old compared to the new patches, but no changes in FD and PD. SD was mostly affected by abiotic and present-day landscape configuration variables in the new and the old patches, respectively. In the new patches, historical variables explained variation in the FD, while present-day variables explained the PD. In the old patches, historical variables accounted for most of the variation in both FD and PD. Our evidence suggests that the relative importance of assembly processes has changed over time, showing that environmental filtering and changes in the landscape configuration prevented the establishment of species in the new patches. However, the loss of species (i.e. SD) is not necessarily linked to a loss of functions and evolutionary potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Belinchón
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany CAS, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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14
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Hargreaves AL, Suárez E, Mehltreter K, Myers-Smith I, Vanderplank SE, Slinn HL, Vargas-Rodriguez YL, Haeussler S, David S, Muñoz J, Carlos Almazán-Núñez R, Loughnan D, Benning JW, Moeller DA, Brodie JF, Thomas HJ, Morales M. PA. Seed predation increases from the Arctic to the Equator and from high to low elevations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau4403. [PMID: 30801010 PMCID: PMC6382403 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Species interactions have long been predicted to increase in intensity toward the tropics and low elevations because of gradients in climate, productivity, or biodiversity. Despite their importance for understanding global ecological and evolutionary processes, plant-animal interaction gradients are particularly difficult to test systematically across large geographic gradients, and evidence from smaller, disparate studies is inconclusive. By systematically measuring postdispersal seed predation using 6995 standardized seed depots along 18 mountains in the Pacific cordillera, we found that seed predation increases by 17% from the Arctic to the Equator and by 17% from 4000 meters above sea level to sea level. Clines in total predation, likely driven by invertebrates, were consistent across treeline ecotones and within continuous forest and were better explained by climate seasonality than by productivity, biodiversity, or latitude. These results suggest that species interactions play predictably greater ecological and evolutionary roles in tropical, lowland, and other less seasonal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Esteban Suárez
- Instituto Biósfera & Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador
| | - Klaus Mehltreter
- Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, Xalapa, 91070 Veracruz, México
| | - Isla Myers-Smith
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Sula E. Vanderplank
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Fraccionamiento Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, México
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Heather L. Slinn
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N Virginia street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yalma L. Vargas-Rodriguez
- National Council of Science and Technology & University of Guadalajara, Apdo. Postal 4-014, Col. La Loma, Guadalajara, 44421 Jalisco, México
| | - Sybille Haeussler
- Bulkley Valley Research Centre and University of Northern British Columbia, Smithers, BC, Canada
| | - Santiago David
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jenny Muñoz
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R. Carlos Almazán-Núñez
- Laboratorio Integral de Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, 39000 Guerrero, México
| | - Deirdre Loughnan
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John W. Benning
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - David A. Moeller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jedediah F. Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Haydn J.D. Thomas
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - P. A. Morales M.
- Herbario Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, Colombia
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