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Nandasena WDKV, Brabyn L, Serrao-Neumann S. Monitoring invasive pines using remote sensing: a case study from Sri Lanka. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:347. [PMID: 36717471 PMCID: PMC9886589 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Production plantation forestry has many economic benefits but can also have negative environmental impacts such as the spreading of invasive pines to native forest habitats. Monitoring forest for the presence of invasive pines helps with the management of this issue. However, detection of vegetation change over a large time period is difficult due to changes in image quality and sensor types, and by the spectral similarity of evergreen species and frequent cloud cover in the study area. The costs of high-resolution images are also prohibitive for routine monitoring in resource-constrained countries. This research investigated the use of remote sensing to identify the spread of Pinus caribaea over a 21-year period (2000 to 2021) in Belihuloya, Sri Lanka, using Landsat images. It applied a range of techniques to produce cloud free images, extract vegetation features, and improve vegetation classification accuracy, followed by the use of Geographical Information System to spatially analyze the spread of invasive pines. The results showed most invading pines were found within 100 m of the pine plantations' borders where broadleaved forests and grasslands are vulnerable to invasion. However, the extent of invasive pine had an overall decline of 4 ha over the 21 years. The study confirmed that remote sensing combined with spatial analysis are effective tools for monitoring invasive pines in countries with limited resources. This study also provides information to conservationists and forest managers to conduct strategic planning for sustainable forest management and conservation in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D K V Nandasena
- Geography Programme, School of Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Languages, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Lars Brabyn
- Geography Programme, School of Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Silvia Serrao-Neumann
- Environmental Planning Programme, School of Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Krishna M, Winternitz J, Garkoti SC, Penuelas J. Functional leaf traits indicate phylogenetic signals in forests across an elevational gradient in the central Himalaya. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:753-764. [PMID: 33837511 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traits are the primary attributes that distinguish a species niche. Species and higher taxa are part of a structured phylogeny, and variation in plant traits depends on lineage as well as on environmental conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate linkages between taxonomic identity, shared ancestry, and environment for understanding the variation in leaf traits. We investigated the evolutionary relationships, based on multiple gene sequences among 26 plant species sampled along an elevational gradient from 650 to 3600 m a.s.l. in the central Himalaya. We tested for the phylogenetic signal based on three different measures in 10 leaf traits having a significant association with the resource acquisition-conservation trade-offs axis and influencing plant growth, development, and ecological performance. We further assessed the role of elevation and growth forms as the potential drivers of leaf traits variation while controlling for phylogeny. 5 out of 10 leaf traits showed significant phylogenetic signal. Plant species clustered more often by growth forms at the tips of the phylogeny indicating multiple instances of independent evolution. Evergreen taxa showed niche separation with deciduous and incorporated larger trait variation. Trait variations were guided by both growth forms and elevation when accounted for phylogeny. Growth form has a higher contribution to trait variation compared to elevation. Trade-offs were detected between resource conservation and resource acquisition machinery traits (that would maximise carbon gain), differing between growth forms and along elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Krishna
- School of Environmental sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jamie Winternitz
- Department of Animal, Behaviour Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Satish Chandra Garkoti
- School of Environmental sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Josep Penuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
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Wang L, Liu J, Shen Y, Pu R, Hou M, Wei Q, Zhang X, Li G, Ren H, Wu G. Brassinosteroids synthesised by CYP85A/A1 but not CYP85A2 function via a BRI1-like receptor but not via BRI1 in Picea abies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1748-1763. [PMID: 33247718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant hormones. In angiosperms, brassinolide and castasterone, the first and second most active BRs, respectively, are synthesised by CYP85A2 and CYP85A/A1, respectively. BRs in angiosperms function through an essential receptor, BR Insensitive 1 (BRI1). In addition, some angiosperms also have non-essential BRI1-like 1/3 (BRL1/3). In conifers, BRs promote seed germination under drought stress; however, how BRs function in gymnosperms is unknown. In this study, we performed functional complementation of BR biosynthesis and receptor genes from Picea abies with respective Arabidopsis mutants. We found that P. abies possessed functional PaCYP85A and PaBRL1 but not PaCYP85A2 or PaBRI1, and this results in weak BR signaling, and both PaCYP85A and PaBRL1 were abundantly expressed. However, neither BR treatment of P. abies seedlings nor expression of PaBRL1 in the Arabidopsis Atbri1 mutant promoted plant height, despite the fact that BR-responsive genes were activated. Importantly, chimeric AtBRI1 replaced with the BR-binding domain of PaBRL1 complemented the Atbri1 phenotypes. Furthermore, PaBRL1 had less kinase activity than BRI1 in vitro. Overall, P. abies had weak but still active BR signaling, explaining aspects of its slow growth and high stress tolerance. Our study sheds light on the functional and evolutionary significance of distinct BR signaling that is independent of BRI1 and brassinolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ruolan Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Meiying Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guishuang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Lambin X, Burslem D, Caplat P, Cornulier T, Damasceno G, Fasola L, Fidelis A, García-Díaz P, Langdon B, Linardaki E, Montti L, Moyano J, Nuñez MA, Palmer SC, Pauchard A, Phimister E, Pizarro JC, Powell P, Raffo E, Rodriguez-Jorquera IA, Roesler I, Tomasevic JA, Travis JM, Verdugo C. CONTAIN: Optimising the long-term management of invasive alien species using adaptive management. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.59.52022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive Alien Species (IAS) threaten biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services, modify landscapes and impose costs to national economies. Management efforts are underway globally to reduce these impacts, but little attention has been paid to optimising the use of the scarce available resources when IAS are impossible to eradicate, and therefore population reduction and containment of their advance are the only feasible solutions.CONTAIN, a three-year multinational project involving partners from Argentina, Brazil, Chile and the UK, started in 2019. It develops and tests, via case study examples, a decision-making toolbox for managing different problematic IAS over large spatial extents. Given that vast areas are invaded, spatial prioritisation of management is necessary, often based on sparse data. In turn, these characteristics imply the need to make the best decisions possible under likely heavy uncertainty.Our decision-support toolbox will integrate the following components:(i) the relevant environmental, social, cultural, and economic impacts, including their spatial distribution;(ii) the spatio-temporal dynamics of the target IAS (focusing on dispersal and population recovery);(iii) the relationship between the abundance of the IAS and its impacts;(iv) economic methods to estimate both benefits and costs to inform the spatial prioritisation of cost-effective interventions.To ensure that our approach is relevant for different contexts in Latin America, we are working with model species having contrasting modes of dispersal, which have large environmental and/or economic impacts, and for which data already exist (invasive pines, privet, wasps, and American mink). We will also model plausible scenarios for data-poor pine and grass species, which impact local people in Argentina, Brazil and Chile.We seek the most effective strategic management actions supported by empirical data on the species’ population dynamics and dispersal that underpin reinvasion, and on intervention costs in a spatial context. Our toolbox serves to identify key uncertainties driving the systems, and especially to highlight gaps where new data would most effectively reduce uncertainty on the best course of action. The problems we are tackling are complex, and we are embedding them in a process of co-operative adaptive management, so that both researchers and managers continually improve their effectiveness by confronting different models to data. Our project is also building research capacity in Latin America by sharing knowledge/information between countries and disciplines (i.e., biological, social and economic), by training early-career researchers through research visits, through our continuous collaboration with other researchers and by training and engaging stakeholders via workshops. Finally, all these activities will establish an international network of researchers, managers and decision-makers. We expect that our lessons learned will be of use in other regions of the world where complex and inherently context-specific realities shape how societies deal with IAS.
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Singh SP, Gumber S, Singh RD, Singh G. How many tree species are in the Himalayan treelines and how are they distributed? Trop Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-020-00093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sapsford SJ, Brandt AJ, Davis KT, Peralta G, Dickie IA, Gibson RD, Green JL, Hulme PE, Nuñez MA, Orwin KH, Pauchard A, Wardle DA, Peltzer DA. Towards a framework for understanding the context dependence of impacts of non‐native tree species. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Sapsford
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | - Kimberley T. Davis
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Guadalupe Peralta
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Ian A. Dickie
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Robert D. Gibson
- Bio‐Protection Research Centre Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Joanna L. Green
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Philip E. Hulme
- Bio‐Protection Research Centre Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones INIBIOMA CONICET‐Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina
| | - Kate H. Orwin
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Anibal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB) Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Santiago Chile
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological University Singapore
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