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Oreha J, Škute N. Current genetic structure of European vendace Coregonus albula (L.) populations in Latvia after multiple past translocations. ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2022.45.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The European vendace Coregonus albula (L.), also known as the European cisco, is a widespread fish species in northern Europe, often regarded as an example of a glacial relict. It is an economically valuable fish and has been artificially propagated in Latvia since 1900. Despite past translocations of larvae and fry and its current protection status, it can be found in only 15 Latvian lakes. We used nine microsatellite markers to study vendace populations from nine Latvian lakes. A higher mean allelic richness and private allelic richness in Lake Riču suggest that this population may be indigenous. Three complementary clustering methods revealed similar grouping into three distinct genetic groups. According to the results, European vendace populations in the Latvian lakes studied may currently be a mixture of several other populations after multiple translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Oreha
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Latvia
| | - N. Škute
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Latvia
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2
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Salonen E. Vendace (Coregonus albula) in Lake Inari — What Has Changed in 50 years? ANN ZOOL FENN 2021. [DOI: 10.5735/086.058.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erno Salonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Saarikoskentie 8, FI-99870 Inari, Finland (e-mail: )
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3
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Scott R, Gras R. A simulation study shows impacts of genetic diversity on establishment success of digital invaders in heterogeneous environments. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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4
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Gomez‐Uchida D, Cañas‐Rojas D, Riva‐Rossi CM, Ciancio JE, Pascual MA, Ernst B, Aedo E, Musleh SS, Valenzuela‐Aguayo F, Quinn TP, Seeb JE, Seeb LW. Genetic signals of artificial and natural dispersal linked to colonization of South America by non-native Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6192-6209. [PMID: 29988411 PMCID: PMC6024130 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics data have provided unprecedented insights into evolutionary aspects of colonization by non-native populations. Yet, our understanding of how artificial (human-mediated) and natural dispersal pathways of non-native individuals influence genetic metrics, evolution of genetic structure, and admixture remains elusive. We capitalize on the widespread colonization of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in South America, mediated by both dispersal pathways, to address these issues using data from a panel of polymorphic SNPs. First, genetic diversity and the number of effective breeders (Nb) were higher among artificial than natural populations. Contemporary gene flow was common between adjacent artificial and natural and adjacent natural populations, but uncommon between geographically distant populations. Second, genetic structure revealed four distinct clusters throughout the Chinook salmon distributional range with varying levels of genetic connectivity. Isolation by distance resulted from weak differentiation between adjacent artificial and natural and between natural populations, with strong differentiation between distant Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean populations, which experienced strong genetic drift. Third, genetic mixture analyses revealed the presence of at least six donor geographic regions from North America, some of which likely hybridized as a result of multiple introductions. Relative propagule pressure or the proportion of Chinook salmon propagules introduced from various geographic regions according to government records significantly influenced genetic mixtures for two of three artificial populations. Our findings support a model of colonization in which high-diversity artificial populations established first; some of these populations exhibited significant admixture resulting from propagule pressure. Low-diversity natural populations were likely subsequently founded from a reduced number of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gomez‐Uchida
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB)Department of ZoologyFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
| | - Diego Cañas‐Rojas
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB)Department of ZoologyFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
| | - Carla M. Riva‐Rossi
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución AustralIDEAUS‐CONICETCentro Nacional PatagónicoPuerto MadrynArgentina
| | - Javier E. Ciancio
- Centro para el estudio de Sistemas MarinosCESIMAR‐CONICETCentro Nacional PatagónicoPuerto MadrynArgentina
| | - Miguel A. Pascual
- Instituto Patagónico para el estudio de Ecosistemas ContinentalesIPEEC‐CONICETCentro Nacional PatagónicoPuerto MadrynArgentina
| | - Billy Ernst
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
- Department of OceanographyUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Eduardo Aedo
- Centro TrapanandaUniversidad Austral de ChileCoyhaiqueChile
| | - Selim S. Musleh
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB)Department of ZoologyFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
| | - Francisca Valenzuela‐Aguayo
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB)Department of ZoologyFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Present address:
Department of Aquatic SystemsFaculty of Environmental Sciences and EULA‐CentreUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Thomas P. Quinn
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - James E. Seeb
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Lisa W. Seeb
- Núcleo Milenio INVASALConcepciónChile
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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5
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Canales-Aguirre CB, Seeb LW, Seeb JE, Cádiz MI, Musleh SS, Arismendi I, Gajardo G, Galleguillos R, Gomez-Uchida D. Contrasting genetic metrics and patterns among naturalized rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in two Patagonian lakes differentially impacted by trout aquaculture. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:273-285. [PMID: 29321870 PMCID: PMC5756871 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different pathways of propagation and dispersal of non‐native species into new environments may have contrasting demographic and genetic impacts on established populations. Repeated introductions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Chile in South America, initially through stocking and later through aquaculture escapes, provide a unique setting to contrast these two pathways. Using a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms, we found contrasting genetic metrics and patterns among naturalized trout in Lake Llanquihue, Chile's largest producer of salmonid smolts for nearly 50 years, and Lake Todos Los Santos (TLS), a reference lake where aquaculture has been prohibited by law. Trout from Lake Llanquihue showed higher genetic diversity, weaker genetic structure, and larger estimates for the effective number of breeders (Nb) than trout from Lake TLS. Trout from Lake TLS were divergent from Lake Llanquihue and showed marked genetic structure and a significant isolation‐by‐distance pattern consistent with secondary contact between documented and undocumented stocking events in opposite shores of the lake. Multiple factors, including differences in propagule pressure, origin of donor populations, lake geomorphology, habitat quality or quantity, and life history, may help explain contrasting genetic metrics and patterns for trout between lakes. We contend that high propagule pressure from aquaculture may not only increase genetic diversity and Nb via demographic effects and admixture, but also may impact the evolution of genetic structure and increase gene flow, consistent with findings from artificially propagated salmonid populations in their native and naturalized ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian B Canales-Aguirre
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB) Departamento de Zoología Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile.,Laboratorio de Genética y Acuicultura Departamento de Oceanografía Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile.,Nucleo Milenio INVASAL Concepción Chile.,Centro i-mar Universidad de Los Lagos Camino Chinquihue 6 km Puerto Montt Chile
| | - Lisa W Seeb
- Nucleo Milenio INVASAL Concepción Chile.,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - James E Seeb
- Nucleo Milenio INVASAL Concepción Chile.,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - María I Cádiz
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB) Departamento de Zoología Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Selim S Musleh
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB) Departamento de Zoología Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile.,Nucleo Milenio INVASAL Concepción Chile
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad Universidad de Los Lagos Osorno Chile
| | - Ricardo Galleguillos
- Laboratorio de Genética y Acuicultura Departamento de Oceanografía Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Daniel Gomez-Uchida
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab (GEECLAB) Departamento de Zoología Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile.,Nucleo Milenio INVASAL Concepción Chile.,Centro i-mar Universidad de Los Lagos Camino Chinquihue 6 km Puerto Montt Chile
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6
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Tay WT, Walsh TK, Downes S, Anderson C, Jermiin LS, Wong TKF, Piper MC, Chang ES, Macedo IB, Czepak C, Behere GT, Silvie P, Soria MF, Frayssinet M, Gordon KHJ. Mitochondrial DNA and trade data support multiple origins of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Brazil. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45302. [PMID: 28350004 PMCID: PMC5368605 DOI: 10.1038/srep45302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Old World bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is now established in Brazil but efforts to identify incursion origin(s) and pathway(s) have met with limited success due to the patchiness of available data. Using international agricultural/horticultural commodity trade data and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene markers, we inferred the origins and incursion pathways into Brazil. We detected 20 mtDNA haplotypes from six Brazilian states, eight of which were new to our 97 global COI-Cyt b haplotype database. Direct sequence matches indicated five Brazilian haplotypes had Asian, African, and European origins. We identified 45 parsimoniously informative sites and multiple substitutions per site within the concatenated (945 bp) nucleotide dataset, implying that probabilistic phylogenetic analysis methods are needed. High diversity and signatures of uniquely shared haplotypes with diverse localities combined with the trade data suggested multiple incursions and introduction origins in Brazil. Increasing agricultural/horticultural trade activities between the Old and New Worlds represents a significant biosecurity risk factor. Identifying pest origins will enable resistance profiling that reflects countries of origin to be included when developing a resistance management strategy, while identifying incursion pathways will improve biosecurity protocols and risk analysis at biosecurity hotspots including national ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas K. Walsh
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sharon Downes
- CSIRO, Myall Vale Laboratories, Kamilaroi Highway, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
| | - Craig Anderson
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Australia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Lars S. Jermiin
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas K. F. Wong
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Piper
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ester Silva Chang
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Australia
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Isabella Barony Macedo
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Australia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Czepak
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Agronomia, Goiânia, GO, 75804-020, Brazil
| | - Gajanan T. Behere
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR Research Complex for North East Hill Region, Umroi Road, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Pierre Silvie
- IRD, UMR EGCE, FR-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- CIRAD, UPR AÏDA, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Miguel F. Soria
- Bayer S.A., Crop Science Division, São Paulo, SP, 04779-900, Brazil
| | | | - Karl H. J. Gordon
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Australia
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7
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Benavente JN, Seeb LW, Seeb JE, Arismendi I, Hernández CE, Gajardo G, Galleguillos R, Cádiz MI, Musleh SS, Gomez-Uchida D. Temporal Genetic Variance and Propagule-Driven Genetic Structure Characterize Naturalized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from a Patagonian Lake Impacted by Trout Farming. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142040. [PMID: 26544983 PMCID: PMC4636326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the genetic underpinnings of invasions—a theme addressed by invasion genetics as a discipline—is still scarce amid well documented ecological impacts of non-native species on ecosystems of Patagonia in South America. One of the most invasive species in Patagonia’s freshwater systems and elsewhere is rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This species was introduced to Chile during the early twentieth century for stocking and promoting recreational fishing; during the late twentieth century was reintroduced for farming purposes and is now naturalized. We used population- and individual-based inference from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to illuminate three objectives related to the establishment and naturalization of Rainbow Trout in Lake Llanquihue. This lake has been intensively used for trout farming during the last three decades. Our results emanate from samples collected from five inlet streams over two seasons, winter and spring. First, we found that significant intra- population (temporal) genetic variance was greater than inter-population (spatial) genetic variance, downplaying the importance of spatial divergence during the process of naturalization. Allele frequency differences between cohorts, consistent with variation in fish length between spring and winter collections, might explain temporal genetic differences. Second, individual-based Bayesian clustering suggested that genetic structure within Lake Llanquihue was largely driven by putative farm propagules found at one single stream during spring, but not in winter. This suggests that farm broodstock might migrate upstream to breed during spring at that particular stream. It is unclear whether interbreeding has occurred between “pure” naturalized and farm trout in this and other streams. Third, estimates of the annual number of breeders (Nb) were below 73 in half of the collections, suggestive of genetically small and recently founded populations that might experience substantial genetic drift. Our results reinforce the notion that naturalized trout originated recently from a small yet genetically diverse source and that farm propagules might have played a significant role in the invasion of Rainbow Trout within a single lake with intensive trout farming. Our results also argue for proficient mitigation measures that include management of escapes and strategies to minimize unintentional releases from farm facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera N Benavente
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Lisa W Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98195-5020, United States of America
| | - James E Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98195-5020, United States of America
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States of America
| | - Cristián E Hernández
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Ricardo Galleguillos
- Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Maria I Cádiz
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Selim S Musleh
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.,Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Daniel Gomez-Uchida
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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8
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Hagenlund M, Østbye K, Langdal K, Hassve M, Pettersen RA, Anderson E, Gregersen F, Præbel K. Fauna crime: elucidating the potential source and introduction history of European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus L.) into Lake Storsjøen, Norway. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Chown SL, Hodgins KA, Griffin PC, Oakeshott JG, Byrne M, Hoffmann AA. Biological invasions, climate change and genomics. Evol Appl 2015; 8:23-46. [PMID: 25667601 PMCID: PMC4310580 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of biological invasions is expected to increase as the effects of climate change on biological communities become widespread. Climate change enhances habitat disturbance which facilitates the establishment of invasive species, which in turn provides opportunities for hybridization and introgression. These effects influence local biodiversity that can be tracked through genetic and genomic approaches. Metabarcoding and metagenomic approaches provide a way of monitoring some types of communities under climate change for the appearance of invasives. Introgression and hybridization can be followed by the analysis of entire genomes so that rapidly changing areas of the genome are identified and instances of genetic pollution monitored. Genomic markers enable accurate tracking of invasive species' geographic origin well beyond what was previously possible. New genomic tools are promoting fresh insights into classic questions about invading organisms under climate change, such as the role of genetic variation, local adaptation and climate pre-adaptation in successful invasions. These tools are providing managers with often more effective means to identify potential threats, improve surveillance and assess impacts on communities. We provide a framework for the application of genomic techniques within a management context and also indicate some important limitations in what can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Philippa C Griffin
- Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| | - John G Oakeshott
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Black Mountain LaboratoriesCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Bentley Delivery CentreBentley, WA, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Departments of Zoology and Genetics, Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
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Ovenden JR, Macbeth GM, Pope L, Thuesen P, Street R, Broderick D. Translocation between freshwater catchments has facilitated the spread of tilapia in eastern Australia. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Rius M, Darling JA. How important is intraspecific genetic admixture to the success of colonising populations? Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:233-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Bhat S, Amundsen PA, Knudsen R, Gjelland KØ, Fevolden SE, Bernatchez L, Præbel K. Speciation reversal in European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) caused by competitor invasion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91208. [PMID: 24626131 PMCID: PMC3953381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion of exotic species has caused the loss of biodiversity and imparts evolutionary and ecological changes in the introduced systems. In northern Fennoscandia, European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) is a highly polymorphic species displaying adaptive radiations into partially reproductively isolated and thus genetically differentiated sympatric morphs utilizing the planktivorous and benthivorous food niche in many lakes. In 1993, Lake Skrukkebukta was invaded by vendace (Coregonus albula (L.)) which is a zooplanktivorous specialist. The vendace displaced the densely rakered whitefish from its preferred pelagic niche to the benthic habitat harbouring the large sparsely rakered whitefish. In this study, we investigate the potential influence of the vendace invasion on the breakdown of reproductive isolation between the two whitefish morphs. We inferred the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation between the two morphs collected at the arrival (1993) and 15 years after (2008) the vendace invasion using 16 microsatellite loci and gill raker numbers, the most distinctive adaptive phenotypic trait between them. The comparison of gill raker number distributions revealed two modes growing closer over 15 years following the invasion. Bayesian analyses of genotypes revealed that the two genetically distinct whitefish morphs that existed in 1993 had collapsed into a single population in 2008. The decline in association between the gill raker numbers and admixture values over 15 years corroborates the findings from the Bayesian analysis. Our study thus suggests an apparent decrease of reproductive isolation in a morph-pair of European whitefish within 15 years (≃ 3 generations) following the invasion of a superior trophic competitor (vendace) in a subarctic lake, reflecting a situation of "speciation in reverse".
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Affiliation(s)
- Shripathi Bhat
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune Knudsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Svein-Erik Fevolden
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Kim Præbel
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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